吸器（Haustorium）是条锈菌产生于小麦细胞内的唯一器官，为了研究小麦持久抗性品种中条锈菌吸器的遗传规律，选用小麦持久抗条锈品种Aquileja (AQ)、Libellula (LB)、咸农4号（XN）和感病品种铭贤169（MX）配制杂交组合MX×AQ、LB×XN和AQ×XN，组成亲本及杂交一代（F1）杂交二代（F2）和回交一代（BCp1、BCp2）6个世代，接种条锈菌后取样，测定单位菌丝面积内的吸器数目。结果表明：AQ和LB中条锈菌的吸器数目分别为44.2/mm2和23.74/mm2，两个品种对吸器均表现较强的抗性；XN中条锈菌吸器数目(89.83/mm2)与MX(102.02/mm2)无差异，未表现出明显的抗性。小麦持久抗性品种中条锈菌吸器的遗传为部分隐性，显性度为-0.47~-1.83；控制条锈菌吸器数目的基因大约有1~2个。尺度模型检验结果表明MX×AQ组合中条锈菌吸器的遗传符合加性模型，遗传力较高为68%，而LB×XN和AQ×XN经尺度检验分析不符合加性—显性模型，遗传力较低。
Abstract
Haustorium is the only organ formed by Puccinia striiformis in cells of wheat. In order to identify the inheritance of haustorium in durable resistant cultivars, three durable resistant cultivars, Aquillija (AQ), Libellula (LB), Xian Nong 4 (XN) and one susceptible cultivar Ming Xian 169 (MX) were studied. The crosses of MX×AQ, LB×XN and AQ×XN, including F1, F2, and backcrosses (BCp1 and BCp2) populations, were made. The number of haustorium in unit area of hypae was recorded after inoculating and sampling. The results showed that the number of haustorium of P. striiformis in AQ and LB was 44.2/mm2 and 23.74/mm2 respectively. But there was no difference with the number of hastorium of the pathogen between XN (89.83/mm2) and MX (102.02/mm2), which indicated that XN had no resistance to haustorium. The inheritance of haustorium of yellow rust in the durable resistance cultivars was recessive, the degree of dominance was -0.47~-1.83. There were 1~2 genes which controlled the number of haustorium. The scaling test showed that additive effect was accepted for the inheritance of haustorium in MX×AQ. The heritability was about 68%, which was higher than others. However, based on analysis of scaling test, there was no additive and dominance model adequate for LB×XN and AQ×XN, and their heritability were lower.
关键词
小麦；条锈菌；吸器；遗传分析
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Key words
Wheat;Puccinia striiformis;Haustorium;Inheritance
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