通过对稻草还田的长期（10年以上）定位试验研究表明，稻草还田后土壤有机质和有机无机复合体数量提高了，土壤主要物理性质与结构得到进一步改善，土壤速效钾、速效磷、有效磷、全氮含量也都有比较大的提高，土壤酶活性增强，生产力提高，水稻增产。稻草直接还田模式省工增效，目前生产上利用比较多，但也存在稻茬影响农民田间作业，腐解产生有机酸、微生物与秧苗争肥，传播病害等缺点，稻草堆沤还田可有效解决以上问题，但堆沤时要占场地，花工比较大，且这两种还田模式都没有充分利用稻草中的粗蛋白和生物质能，所以稻草利用应该向物质循环利用、能量多级转换模式转变。

We had researched the returning field of straws for more 10 years, the result showed the returning field of straws made the organic substance and the compound-body of organic substance and inorganic substance increase., the mostly physics character and structure of soil have more improved, the contents of quick result K、quick result P 、availability P、full N had more improved, the biology vitality of soil boosted up, productivity had increased, ripe had increased production. The mode of returning field of straws saved labour and improved effect. At present it was used much. But it had the flaws that influenced the farmers field busywork rotten produced organic acid、animalcule disputed the fertilizer with seedling、broadcasted diseases etc. The returning field of straws can settle effectively these problems, but straws caboodle would occupy place , spend more labour , these two modes all did not full utilize the coarse albumen and biology matter energy. So the using of straws must turn to the mode of substance cycle using、energy multilevel conversion.