采用田间防雨旱棚方法研究了高产小麦分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期的三个生育时期在不同水分胁迫下，冬小麦生理特性指标的变化、产量构成因素及最终产量的变化。结果表明：冬小麦各个生育时期对水分胁迫反应有显著差别，主要表现为光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势等方面；生育后期比生育前期对水分敏感性强，产量受后期水分影响较大；根据各时期光合速率、蒸腾速率、最终产量等指标得出高产冬小麦合理节水灌溉指标主要为各生育期田间持水量分蘖前期为45%~50%，分蘖后期到孕穗前期为55%~60%，孕穗后期至灌浆期要维持60%~65%左右。这种条件下可以获得较合理的生物产量和经济效益。

In order to study the variety of physiologic character, yield composition and yield result in different treatments of controlling soil water during tiller, booting and filling, high yield winter wheat were studied in cover of canopy to prevent rainwater. The results showed that there have remarkable distinctions for the winter wheat under different soil water content treatments during each growing stages. It appeared in such ways as photosynthesis rate, evaporate rate, leaf water potential. The result also showed that the later growing stages were more sensitive than the early growing stages to the soil water content and the wheat yield had been more affected by the soil water content in later growing stages. According to the photosynthesis rate, evaporate rate, leaf water potential and final yield of wheat, the suitable soil water content of water saving irrigation scheme of different growing stages were 45%~55% during tiller, 55%~60% from tiller to booting, 65% after filling.