综述了烟叶成熟、烘烤过程中碳氮代谢相关物质含量和酶活性的变化规律及其与烤后烟叶品质之间的关系，并对烟叶氮素状况与烤后烟叶主要化学成分含量之间的相关性以及作物氮素状况的诊断等进行了简述。在此基础上，提出了今后通过氮素调控碳氮代谢进而促进烟叶品质形成所必须解决的几个问题：首先，建立烟叶碳氮代谢和烟叶品质与施氮量之间的数学模型，其次，实现烟叶氮素丰缺状况的快速准确检测，再次，明确烟叶氮素状况与施氮量之间的数量关系。

The target of tobacco cultivation is excellent quality and optimal yield. Balanceable development of carbon and nitrogen metabolism is necessary condition of excellent quality of tobacco leaves. Nitrogen is important element to regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality. We could regulate nitrogen account to control carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco leaf, and then to achieve the target of excellent quality and optimal yield. This paper reviews the relation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen status in ripening and curing period of tobacco leaf to tobacco leaf quality, and provide suggestion to regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism and then improve the tobacco leaf quality by control nitrogen fertilization.