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春季低温冻害下不同栽培因子对小麦产量的影响
Study on the Contribution Sequence of Different Cultural Factors Related to Wheat Yieldin Spring Low Temperature Years
为有效提高小麦对春季低温的抗冻性,在山西临汾采用均匀设计、逐步回归和综合贡献值方法,开展了春季低温冻害年型不同栽培因子对小麦产量贡献的序列研究。结果表明,春季低温冻害年型条件下不同栽培因子对产量贡献的序列为底施磷(P2O5)量>起身期追施纯氮量>底施纯氮量>播种密度或播前灌水量>起身期灌水量>底施钾(K2O)量>灌浆期灌水量或灌浆期灌水时间距成熟期天数;各耦合因素正互作效应对产量的贡献序列为播种密度与播前灌水量>底施纯氮量与起身期追施纯氮量>起身期追施纯氮量与灌水量>灌浆期灌水量与灌浆期灌水时间距成熟期天数,各耦合因素对产量存在负互作效应的为底施纯氮量与底施钾(K2O)量;研究还明确了该年型小麦的最高产量(3692.34 kg/hm2)的各栽培因子优化组合。该项研究为春季低温冻害年型小麦实现高产提供了技术支撑。
In order to effectively improve frost resistance to spring low temperature of winter wheat, we studied the contribution sequence of different cultural factors related to yield of winter wheat in spring low temperature years by uniform experiment design, stepwise regression and general contribution method. The results showed that, the influence order of different cultural factors on yield was: base phosphorus(P2O5) quantity>pure nitrogen quantity topdressing at rising stage>base pure nitrogen quantity>plant density or irrigation quantity before sowing>irrigation quantity at rising stage>base potash(K2O)>irrigation quantity at filling stage or interval days between irrigation time at filling stage and maturity ; the contribution of coupling factors existing positive interaction effect were also listed in an descending sequence as: plant density and irrigation quantity before sowing>base pure nitrogen quantity and pure nitrogen quantity topdressing at rising stage>pure nitrogen quantity topdressing at rising stage and irrigation quantity>irrigation quantity at filling stage or interval days between irrigation time at filling stage and maturity ; there was negative interaction effect between base pure nitrogen quantity and base pure potash(K2O) and it cleared the best combination of the different cultural factors for the highest yield (3692.34 kg/hm2). The study has provided theoretical and technical support for achieving high yield in spring low temperature years.
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