采用大田随机区组设计,在麦套花生种植区潮土上,研究不同品种花生干物质积累和氮磷钾养分需求的差异,为科学施用氮磷钾肥料提供技术支撑。结果表明,花生干物质的阶段积累量和积累速率呈抛物线变化趋势,花针后期最大,施肥能增加花生不同生长发育阶段干物质的积累量和积累速率,‘豫花9719’的最大,分别为3687.0 kg/hm²、184.3 kg/(hm²·d)。花生氮钾阶段积累量、阶段积累速率呈抛物线变化趋势,‘豫花9326’的磷呈双峰曲线变化趋势,‘豫花9719’、‘豫花9620’的磷呈抛物线变化趋势。每形成100 kg荚果,‘豫花9719’所需的氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)、钾(K₂O)养分量最大,为3.877、1.103、1.456 kg,‘豫花9620’ 所需的氮(N)、钾(K₂O)养分量最小,为3.773、1.375 kg,‘豫花9326’所需的磷(P₂O₅)养分量最小,为1.058 kg;与氮养分相比,‘豫花9620’所需的磷养分比例最大,‘豫花9326’所需的磷养分比例最小,‘豫花9719’所需的钾养分比例最大,‘豫花9620’所需的钾养分比例最小。在N、P₂O₅、K₂O施用量分别为180、120、150 kg/hm²条件下,‘豫花9620’是氮、钾需求量小而磷需求量大的品种,‘豫花9326’是磷需求量小的品种,‘豫花9719’是氮、钾需求量大的品种。

The differences of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirement of different peanut varieties were studied by field experiment with randomized block design, aiming to provide technical support for rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus potassium on peanut in wheat-peanut area with fluvo-aquic soil. Results showed that the dry matter stage accumulation and accumulation rate of peanut had a parabolic trend, and those of the late pegging period were the biggest, fertilization could increase the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate by peanut in different growth and development stages, among the varieties, the accumulation and the accumulation rate of ‘Yuhua 9719’ were the largest, 3687.0 kg/hm², 184.3 kg/(hm²·d), respectively. The stage accumulation and stage accumulation rate of nitrogen and potassium had a parabolic trend, those of phosphorus of ‘Yuhua 9326’ had a bimodal curve trend, and those of potassium of ‘Yuhua 9719’ and ‘Yuhua 9620’ had a parabolic trend. The average requirement of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O) by ‘Yuhua 9719’ were the largest, 3.877, 1.103 and 1.456 kg, respectively. The average requirement of nitrogen (N), potassium (K₂O) by ‘Yuhua 9620’, and phosphorus (P₂O₅) by ‘Yuhua 9326’ were the smallest, 3.773, 1.375 and 1.058 kg, respectively. Compared with the nitrogen, the average proportion of phosphorus required by ‘Yuhua 9620’ was the largest, the average proportion of phosphorus required by ‘Yuhua 9326’ was the smallest, the average proportion of potassium by ‘Yuhua 9719’ was the largest, and that by ‘Yuhua 9620’ was the smallest. When the application rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O was respectively 180, 120, 150 kg/hm² respectively, ‘Yuhua 9620’ was a variety with low requirement for nitrogen and potassium and high requirement for phosphorus, ‘Yuhua 9326’ was a variety with low requirement for phosphorus, ‘Yuhua 9719’ was a variety with high requirement for nitrogen and potassium.