研究了气象因子对湖北襄阳地区虾蟹养殖产业的影响,以期为襄阳地区虾蟹养殖生产提供参考。利用襄阳地区近30年气象统计资料分析了与虾蟹养殖生长发育相关的6个主要气象因子（温度、日照、阴雨、暴雨、风力和气压）年度变化趋势,探讨了襄阳地区虾蟹养殖潜在的气象风险,以便于合理利用气象预报预警达到防灾减灾的目的。结果表明：襄阳地区温度适宜、雨水丰富、气候温润、日照充足、气象灾害相对较少为虾蟹养殖提供了良好的气候条件。笔者通过分析了襄阳地区温度变化的规律,结合气温与水温的关系确定了襄阳地区虾蟹养殖的最佳放苗时期（清明节后）和最佳捕捞时期（霜降之前）,同时探讨了低温阴雨、日照时数、连续暴雨、大风雷暴等气象因子对襄阳地区虾蟹养殖的影响,提出了相应的预防措施和防御对策。本研究有助于为当地气象部门根据虾蟹养殖周期作好中长期天气气候预测和短期天气预报预警服务提供理论依据,渔民应高度重视气象部门预警信息,积极主动防御来尽量减轻气象灾害造成虾蟹养殖损失。

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the shrimp and crab breeding industry in Xiangyang of Hubei Province, and put forward corresponding measures for scientific breeding of shrimp and crab. The laws of meteorological factors' change were analyzed based on nearly 30 years data observed in Xiangyang. The authors reviewed the annual changing trend of main meteorological factors related to the breeding of shrimp and crab, such as temperature, sunshine hours, continuous wet weather, rainstorm, wind force and atmospheric pressure, and discussed the potential climate risks, in order to make rational use of weather forecasting and early warning to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and reduction. The results showed that suitable temperature, abundant rainfall, mild climate, sufficient sunshine and relatively fewer meteorological disasters could provide favorable climatic conditions for the breeding of shrimp and crab in Xiangyang. By analyzing the law of temperature change in Xiangyang and the relationship between air temperature and water temperature, the authors determined the best period of postlarvae release (after Qingming) and the best period of fishing (before Frost's Descent) for shrimp and crab breeding. At the same time, the authors also analyzed the effects of meteorological factors such as low temperature damage, sunshine hours, continuous rainstorm, gale and thunderstorms on the breeding of shrimp and crab, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to reduce the impact of weather disasters. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the local meteorological department to make medium and long-term climate prediction and short-term weather forecasting and warning services according to the shrimp and crab breeding cycle. Based on our research results, farmers should attach great importance to the application of early warning information and take active measures to reduce the loss of shrimp and crab breeding caused by meteorological disasters.