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棉麦套作模式下棉行光热资源分布变化及光能利用的研究
Photothermal Resource Distribution and Light Utilization in Cotton Rows: Under Cotton-wheat Intercropping
研究起垄处理对棉麦共生期棉行光、热、水条件的影响,以及棉花光能利用特性的响应,旨在揭示起垄促进棉麦套作模式下棉花生长发育、提高产量的生理生态机制。试验设置棉麦平作套种(T)和棉行起垄套种(T+L)2个处理,以棉花单作(D)作为对照,测定棉麦共生期不同光量子密度梯度下棉花功能叶片的净光合速率(Pn),拟合光响应曲线,计算棉花功能叶片光利用特性指标,分析棉行光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化与光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)变化,计算不同处理下的日有效光能(PARd)。结果表明：T处理下,棉行的冠层PARd、5 cm地温和耕层土壤含水量均显著低于D处理,生长发育迟缓,产量降低达20.1%。而T+L处理下,PARd在三叶期和小麦收获期分别比T处理提高了5.8%和47.5%,5 cm地温在11:00以后显著提升,20 cm土壤含水量降低减缓;与T处理相比,T+L处理棉花功能叶片的Pnmax和LSP显著提高,LCP则无显著变化,相对生长速率(PGR)提高,开花期与吐絮期较处理T提前4~5天,两年产量分别比处理T提升了14.5%和15.3%。起垄处理增强棉麦共生期棉行冠层的PAR,提高棉花功能叶片的Pnmax和LSP,增加了棉行的PARd,同时提高了棉行的土壤温度,减缓了耕层水分降低速率,从而缓解了遮光对棉花生长发育的抑制作用,提高了棉麦套作模式下棉花的产量。
Through studying the effects of ridging treatment on the light, heat and water conditions of cotton and wheat in the symbiotic stage and the response of the light energy utilization characteristics of cotton, the paper aims to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of ridging promoting the growth and increasing the yield in cotton-wheat intercropping. The experiment set up two treatments including cotton-wheat flat intercropping (T) and cotton row ridging intercropping (T+L), with cotton monoculture (D) as the control. The function leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was determined under different photon density gradients on symbiotic period of wheat cotton, the light response curve was fitted, and the light utilizing characteristic parameters of function leaves were calculated. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) were analyzed. The daily effective light energy (PARd) was calculated under different treatments. In the cotton-wheat intercropping mode (T), the water content in the canopy of cotton row and the topsoil with ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly lower than that of treatment D, with growth retardation and yield reduction of 20.1%. Under the treatment T+L, the PARd in the trifoliate stage and wheat harvest stage increased by 5.8% and 47.5%, respectively, compared with treatment T. The ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly increased after 11:00, and the soil moisture content of 20 cm decreased slowly. Compared with treatment T, the Pnmax and LSP of functional leaves of cotton treated with T+L were significantly increased, while LCP showed no significant change. The relative plant growth rate (PGR) was increased, and the flowering and flocculation stages were 4-5 days earlier than that of treatment T. The annual yield was increased by 14.5% and 15.3%, respectively, compared with treatment T. Ridging process strengthened the canopy PAR in the symbiotic period of cotton-wheat intercropping, increased the Pnmax and LSP of function leaves, increased the PARd of cotton lines, raised the soil temperature of cotton lines, slowed down the water reducing rate in the top layer, and thus reduced the inhibitory effect of shading on cotton growth and development, and then increased the output of the cotton-wheat intercropping.
棉麦套作 / 棉行起垄 / 光热资源 / 光热分布 / 光能利用 {{custom_keyword}} /
Cotton-wheat Intercropping / Ridging Cotton Line / Photothermal Resources / Photothermal Distribution / Light Utilization {{custom_keyword}} /
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以转基因棉花品种农大棉8号和鲁棉研28号为材料进行盆栽试验,设置正常处理（CK）、轻度胁迫（LS）、中度胁迫（MS）、重度胁迫（SS）和极度胁迫（ES）5个水分处理。结果表明：随着水分胁迫程度的加重,棉花幼苗的生长受到明显的抑制,2个品种的叶片相对含水率、叶水势、净光合速率（Pn）、光能利用率（LUE）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ光化学量子效率（φPSⅡ）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）呈下降趋势；气孔限制值（Ls）、水分利用率（WUE）和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）呈上升趋势。两品种的Pn和NPQ的MS、SS和ES与CK相比差异显著,不同测定时期各胁迫处理的平均Pn比CK分别下降了11.5%、18.1%、32.1%和38.1%；平均NPQ比CK上升了24.1%、50.9%、79.4%和145.1%。表明棉花幼苗期持续轻度水分胁迫对叶片光合能力无显著影响,但高于中度的持续水分胁迫会造成叶片光合能力下降和光抑制加重。
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