植物生理学是农学的主要学科领域,与作物生产密切相关。本文重点回顾了国际和国内作物生物学发展的历程和科学前辈,并侧重与农业生产密切相关的植物生理学研究,包括光合作用,水分生理、营养生理、逆境生理、激素调控等。近年来,随着分子生物学的发展,植物生理学目前已经进入到多个学科领域,植物基因组、转录组、表观组、蛋白质组、代谢组等研究迅速发展,为大规模解析植物各种复杂的生理过程奠定了基础,也为作物的高产优质多抗育种与绿色栽培创造了条件。

Plant physiology is one of main disciplines of agronomy, and is closely related to crop production. This report mainly reviews the important events during the development of plant physiology and its establishment as an independent discipline, as well as important frontiers who played roles in development of plant physiology world widely and domestically. In particular, researches on main plant physiological processes including photosynthesis, water, nutrition, stress, phytohormones are emphasized. With advantages of plant molecular biology in the past two decades, plant physiology has largely developed with different branch disciplines such as genomics, transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome. Therefore, it is now possible to dissect complicated biological processes. We also discuss perspectives of plant physiology.