为研究北美豆梨(Pyrus calleryana Decne)叶片变色期相关生理物质的变化，探索其叶色与生理变化之间的内在联系及变色机理。利用紫外分光光度计和便携式色差仪测定北美豆梨4 个品种秋冬叶色变化过程中可溶性糖、花色素苷、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量与叶色的明度参数△L，色相参数△a 和△b值。在叶片变色期，花色素苷含量总体呈上升趋势，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量逐渐降低，可溶性糖含量较高且变化平稳。叶绿素与花色素苷含量具有相关关系；品种‘首都’和‘红塔’叶片中类胡萝卜素与花色素苷含量呈极显著负相关，品种‘贵族’和‘新布’相关不显著；4 个品种可溶性糖与花色素苷含量不相关。叶色参数△a 值均与花色素苷含量呈显著正相关，与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关，‘首都’和‘红塔’叶色参数△a 值与类胡萝卜素呈极显著负相关；‘首都’△L 值与花色素苷含量呈显著负相关，其他品种△L值与叶绿素、花色素苷含量之间均不相关；△b 值与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷含量均相关性不显著。叶绿素和花色素苷含量是影响北美豆梨叶色的关键因素，类胡萝卜素不是主要色素，可溶性糖有利于叶色的表达。。
Abstract
The paper aims to study physiological changes during leaf color change in Pyrus calleryana Decne, and found the relationship between leaf color and physiological changes and the mechanism of color change. Determined by UV spectrophotometer and portable chromatic meter, soluble sugar, anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf color parameters of lightness △L and hue parameters △a and △b were tested in Pyrus calleryana Decne during leaf color change. Anthocyanin generally rose during leaf color change, while chlorophyll and carotenoid content gradually reduced; the soluble sugar content was higher and stable. Chlorophyll was correlated with anthocyanin contents. There was significantly negative correlation between carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in the leaves of‘Capital’and‘Red Spire’, while‘Aristocrat’and‘New Bradford’were not significantly correlated. Soluble sugar contents of four varieties were not correlated with anthocyanin. The correlation between △a values and anthocyanin contents was significantly positive, but △a values had a significantly negative correlation with chlorophyll. There was significantly negative correlation between △a values and carotenoid in‘Capital’and‘Red Spire’. △L value of‘Capital’was significantly and negatively correlated to anthocyanin, but △L values of others were irrelevant with chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The △b values were not significantly correlated with chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanidin contents. The leaf color of Pyrus calleryana Decne was mostly affected by chlorophyll and anthocyanin, carotenoid was not the main pigment, soluble sugar was good for leaf color maintenance.
关键词
北美豆梨；叶色参数；生理变化
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Key words
Pyrus calleryana Decne; Leaf Color Parameters; Physiological Changes
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