为了探明不同插秧密度对水稻产量和产量构成因素的影响，并提出最佳的插秧密度，以‘空育131’为材料，采用二因素随机区组设计，研究了插秧密度对水稻产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明：行距为10 cm、每穴插3株处理的产量最高，为10353.26 kg/hm2。显著高于行距为16 cm、每穴插2株的处理，此处理主要是通过增加结实率和千粒重来增加产量，产量与千粒重呈显著正相关（相关系数为0.5）、与结实率也存在较小的正相关关系、与每穴着粒数和每穴穗数呈负相关。结实率与每穴着粒数呈极显著负相关，每穴着粒数与每穴穗数呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.73。本试验条件下，行距为10 cm、每穴插3株处理的插秧密度最好，是水稻实现高产的理想密度。

In order to research the impact of the different densities of transplants on rice yield and yield components, and proposed the best densities of transplants, Kongyu131 was taken as experimental material in this test, employed two factors randomized blocks design, studied the impact of the different densities of transplants on rice yield and yield components. The result showed that the treatment of row spacing 10 cm and 3 plants in a bunch had the highest yield, was 10353.26 kg/hm2. It was significantly higher than the treatment of row spacing 16 cm and 2 plants in a bunch, and it increased the setting percentage and the thousand grain weight firstly, then it caused the output increasement. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (r=0.5), and the yield had a less positive correlation with the setting percentage, and the yield had a negative correlation with the grains per bunch and ears of plant, there was a highly significant negative correlation between the setting percentage and the grains per bunch, and the grains per bunch had a highly significant positive correlation with the grains per bunch, r=0.73. Under this experiment condition, the treatment of row spacing 10cm and 3 plants in a bunch was the best densities of transplants, it was an ideal density to achieve high yield of rice.