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  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(24): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202305119
    针对现有目标检测模型对自然环境下茶叶病害识别易受复杂背景干扰、早期病斑难以检测等问题,该研究提出了YOLOv5-CBM茶叶病害识别模型。YOLOv5-CBM以YOLOv5s模型为基础,在主干特征提取阶段,将一个带有Transformer的C3模块和一个CA(coordinate attention)注意力机制融入特征提取网络中,实现对病害特征的提取。其次,利用加权双向特征金字塔(BiFPN)作为网络的Neck,通过自适应调节每个尺度特征的权重,使网络在获得不同尺寸特征时更好地将其融合,提高识别的准确率。最后,在检测端新增一个小目标检测头,解决了茶叶病害初期病斑较小容易出现漏检的问题。在包含有3种常见茶叶病害的数据集上进行试验,结果表明,YOLOv5-CBM对自然环境下的初期病斑检测效果有明显提高,与原始YOLOv5s模型相比,对早期茶饼病和早期茶轮斑病识别的平均精度分别提高了1.9和0.9个百分点,对不同病害检测的平均精度均值达到了97.3%,检测速度为8 ms/幅,均优于其他目标检测算法。该模型具有较高的识别准确率与较强的鲁棒性,可为茶叶病害的智能诊断提供参考。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(23): 230-237. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202304087
    为了避免日光温室中卷式卷帘机械在工作时损坏前屋面覆盖层薄膜,通常会在卷帘机下方铺垫一条固定保温被。日间,这条保温被会遮挡进入日光温室的太阳光线并在室内形成阴影。针对固定保温被对室内光热环境分布和作物产量的影响,该研究对固定保温被下方的光照、温度和作物的产量进行测试,同时利用太阳直射辐射理论提出固定保温被阴影宽度的计算方法。结果表明,在试验期间固定保温被正下方的光照强度平均值为198μmol/(m~2·s),距离固定保温被4.0~5.0 m位置处的光照强度是固定保温被正下方的2.0倍以上。日间,固定保温被正下方的空气温度、墙面温度和土壤温度相比于固定保温被两侧最大降低2.2、5.8和2.3℃。夜间,墙面温度和土壤温度最大降低1.2和1.3℃。固定保温被正下方单垄番茄相比于其他垄平均减产36.2%,植株茎粗平均减小2.0~4.0 mm。不同地理位置和不同方位角的日光温室受到固定保温被遮阴在室内形成的阴影宽度范围为11.0~14.0 m。该研究定量分析了使用中卷式卷帘机械的日光温室中固定保温被对室内光热环境和作物产量的影响。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(23): 247-258. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202309146
    探索淮河生态经济带耕地资源分布变化特征,可为保护耕地、保障国家粮食安全提供规划和决策依据。基于1990—2020年遥感影像数据,利用空间探索、统计分析等方法,揭示该区域耕地资源在过去30年的时空分布变化及其驱动机制,并进一步对2030年土地利用进行情景预测。结果表明:1)淮河生态经济带土地利用结构以耕地为主,平均占比为68.70%;近30年来研究区耕地面积剧烈缩减8.63×10~5 hm~2,年均减少2.88×10~4 hm~2,其中旱地减少占耕地总减少量的81.69%;耕地的流失主要在于建设用地的侵占。2)耕地资源具有明显的集聚特征,以淮河为分界线集聚分布,呈现“东南水田、西北旱地”的典型分布特征。3)耕地资源分布变化的主导驱动因子包括农业机械化水平、粮食产量、人口等社会驱动力;生态驱动力各要素对耕地资源变化的驱动力则相对较为稳定。4)自然发展情景下,2030年耕地面积持续减少110 011 hm~2,在积极的耕地保护情景下,耕地面积将显著增加529 309 hm~2;采取耕地保护情景,鲁中南低山丘陵区以及桐柏—伏牛山通过开垦部分疏林地和低覆盖草地将其整治为耕地,东部沿海可将沿海水域合理建设为建设用地,中部区域可通过减少建设用地的碎片化,较大程度上使耕地资源的连片化,从而在一定程度上提高耕地的利用效率。研究对于优化淮河生态经济带耕地资源结构以及空间优化配置具有重要意义。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(23): 268-275. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202307268
    为研究空间分布差异性对新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分的影响。以5个县的‘深秋红’‘无刺丰’‘状圆黄’沙棘品种为供试样本,并对供试样本的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、总酸、维生素C、微量元素、总黄酮、脂肪酸、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素含量测定,后进行主成分分析并计算综合得分。13个供试沙棘样品果实中各营养及药用成分均存在不同程度的差异性。青河县沙棘果实综合测试指标比布尔津县综合高出0.93~5.54倍,比哈巴河县综合高出0.90~4.49倍,比乌什县综合高出0.99~13.67倍,比阿合奇县综合高出1.10~4.98倍。青河县沙棘品种‘状圆黄’果实各项品质指标表现最优,综合得分为6.04分;且青河县沙棘资源整体综合得分最高,平均为3.54分。青河县更适宜沙棘的生长发育,种植的沙棘果实品质更为优异,13个供试沙棘样品中青河县‘状圆黄’果实品质最佳。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(22): 199-206. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202306085
    为摸清东北地区畜禽粪污处理技术与资源化利用模式应用现状,该研究采用问卷调研与现场评估相结合的方式,对黑龙江、吉林和辽宁3省272个规模化养殖场进行了调研,分析了养殖畜种与存栏量、粪污产生量、粪污处理技术、粪污处理设施设备以及粪肥还田参数等数据,总结了东北地区畜禽粪污处理技术应用现状和资源化利用模式特点。结果表明:东北地区主要粪污收集工艺为干清粪,占比达94.35%。固体粪便以堆沤肥工艺为主,占所调研养殖场的86.93%,各畜种粪便存储设施面积符合畜禽规模化养殖场粪污资源化利用设施建设规范要求。液体粪污主要处理方式为粪水贮存,占所调研养殖场的68.18%;奶牛养殖场粪水贮存设施小于建设规范要求。东北地区粪肥还田主要种植作物为玉米,占所有种植作物的78.13%,现有配套土地面积普遍低于畜禽粪污土地承载力测算需求面积。固体粪肥主要施肥方式为人工施肥,占比达88.00%;液体粪肥主要施肥方式为漫灌和喷灌,占比分别为54.17%和37.50%。整体来看,东北地区粪污处理与资源化利用主要技术模式为“干清粪+粪便堆沤+粪水贮存”。研究结果可为东北地区粪污处理和资源化利用模式推广和政策制定提供参考。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(22): 246-257. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202304127
    为可视化冷链储运过程中桑葚品质和剩余货架期,该研究通过单因素和正交试验调节木糖、甘氨酸、磷酸氢二钾(K_2HPO_4)浓度配比,实时记录不同配比时间温度指示器(time temperature indicator, TTI)的颜色及吸光度变化规律,寻求最佳浓度配比的TTI,利用傅里叶红外光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱探究TTI内在机理,并用动力学验证TTI恒温和断链情况下的适用性。结果表明,当木糖浓度为1.00 mol/L,甘氨酸浓度为2.00 mol/L,K_2HPO_4浓度为1.00 mol/L时TTI的吸光度更高,颜色变化更为均匀,通过阿仑尼乌斯方程得到TTI活化能为40.13 kJ/mol。桑葚在-1~25℃的失重率、花青素、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C的活化能分别为36.08、40.42、43.35、38.28、43.72、40.41 kJ/mol,与TTI活化能接近,说明TTI可以很好地监测桑葚的剩余货架期。此外,断链模拟结果显示,桑葚开始腐败时,TTI的颜色到达指示终点,桑葚品质变化与TTI颜色变化一致,且在不同温度波动试验下桑葚各指标和TTI的等效温度小于1℃,由此说明,在温度波动情况下TTI可以很好地监测桑葚的品质以及剩余货架期。研究结果可为桑葚在储运过程中提供有效的剩余货架期监测,通过调节TTI的制备参数可改变其使用寿命和适用范围,以匹配不同货架期的食品。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(21): 246-257. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202307005
    充分认识青藏高原地区耕地资源质量的空间格局与时间变化特征,是探索区域性耕地资源保护与可持续利用路径的重要基础,对维护青藏高原地区的粮食安全和社会稳定具有重要意义。设计空间抽样方案,利用较少的样点尽可能全面地表征区域耕地质量的总体特征,对于开展耕地资源质量长期观测与机理研究具有重要意义。该研究以青海省互助土族自治县为研究区开展基于耕地质量指标数据驱动的空间抽样实证研究,从信息熵、Kullback–Leibler散度、相似度距离、样本对总体耕地质量空间异质性的表征能力、样本空间分布均匀性等视角,对比分析随机抽样法(random sampling method,RSM),空间覆盖随机抽样法(spatial coverage sampling and random sampling,SPCOSA),条件拉丁超立方体法(conditioned latin hypercube sampling,CLHS),加入平面坐标的条件拉丁超立方体法(CLHS with x and y coordinates as covariates,XY_CLHS),空间覆盖随机抽样与条件拉丁超立方体抽样的混合抽样法(spatial coverage sampling and random sampling–conditioned latin hypercube sampling,SPCOSA_CLHS)5种空间抽样方法在青藏高原县级区域耕地质量指标调查观测点位布局应用中的优劣特征与适用性,并探索了研究区适宜的观测点位数量。结果表明:SPCOSA_CLHS可以以较低空间约束的方式将SPCOSA指示的空间异质性特征集成到CLHS模型中,在表达总体的耕地质量指标属性特征和空间异质性特征方面更具优势;当抽样数量缩减到40~50时,抽样结果对总体耕地质量指标属性信息量的表征能力与抽样数量为100~200时近似;且SPCOSA_CLHS方法在表达耕地质量指标空间异质性、设计样点分布的空间均匀性、模拟总体耕地质量特征的准确性方面具有明显优势。该研究可以为青藏高原地区耕地资源质量调查监测工作提供方法支持,对理解该地区耕地资源质量变化过程、探索耕地可持续利用路径具有重要作用。
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(19): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202303096
    针对在现有温室光环境调控模型中,未考虑光质-光强的协同影响以及净光合速率与光能利用率双优化的问题。该研究面向温室黄瓜的高效补光,提出一种基于多目标优化思想的光质-光强协同调控方法。通过设计多因子耦合的净光合速率试验,获取叶片的净光合速率数据,建立净光合速率模型,并计算叶片尺度的光能利用率;构建光能利用率与净光合速率双优化的多目标优化模型,利用多目标粒子群算法获取非劣解集,基于理想解逼近算法得到光质-光强的调控单点,从而建立设施黄瓜红、蓝光模型。理论验证试验表明,与光合最大补光法相比,净光合速率降低21.39%,需光量降低59.40%;与固定光质0.5和0.8相比,在相同光强下净光合速率依次提升3.66%和9.69%。在此基础上开展实际验证试验,结果表明与固定光质法相比,在耗电量相近的前提下,生理指标均优于固定光质补光法,且在茎粗、干质量以及壮苗指数上存在显著差异;与光合最大补光法相比,生理指标不存在显著差异,且耗电量节省27.43%,表明该研究方法在保证生理指标高水平的前提下,有效节省了光电资源的消耗。该研究方法为设施农业调控提供了新型补光策略,保障了农业生产资源的高效利用。
  • Yifan HU, Xiaoyu GAO, Junyu SU, Mei AN, Linxia YANG, Shaobing YANG, Yang TIAN, Yuanhong FAN
    Chin J Trop Crop. 2024, 45(5): 915-927. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006

    Amomum tsao-ko (AT) is a medicinal and food homologous crop rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. The germplasm of AT is relatively mixed, and it is urgent to carry out research on AT germplasm resources and screening of high-quality AT seed sources. This study aimed to screen and evaluate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities of laxative active components of AT resources, and to explore the possible factors of component accumulation. In this study, a total of 57 samples were collected in Laos, Myanmar, Sichuan, Guangxi and Yunnan in China, and the polyphenol content and flavonoid content of AT aqueous extract were determined by forinphenol method and NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH colorimetric method, and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of AT aqueous extract was detected. The correlation between polyphenol and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and geographic factors was analyzed. The results showed that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in spindle-shaped AT resources was higher than that of oval fruit and round fruit, and the content of flavonoids in AT resources abroad and Nujiang was higher than that in other regions (outside the province, western Yunnan, southwest Yunnan, Wenshan and Honghe). The content of AT polyphenols and flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging capacity and altitude (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with longitude (P<0.05) and latitude (P>0.05), so it was speculated that the accumulation of AT polyphenols and flavonoids may be related to temperature, light, ultraviolet rays and soil moisture. Finally, according to polyphenols, flavonoids, the classification standards were formulated, and the AT resources were divided into three grades, which would provide an analysis method for the establishment of the AT quality grade evaluation system. The excellent AT resources were screened by this method as Nujiang samples GS-3 and GS-10 and foreign samples MDL-1 and MGK-2. This study would provide a scientific basis for the investigation and collection of AT, as well as the study of origin and evolution, and also lay a solid foundation for the utilization of AT resources and the development of industry in the future.

  • Crop Science
    Jing Chen, Baizhao Ren, Bin Zhao, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(7): 2227-2241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.034

    Ear differentiation, grain development and their interaction with factors in the growing environment, such as temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, greatly influence grain number and grain weight, and ultimately affect summer maize production.  In this study, field experiments involving different sowing dates were conducted over three years to evaluate the effects of temperature factors, average solar radiation and total precipitation on the growth process, ear differentiation, fertilization characteristics, grain filling and yield of summer maize varieties with different growth durations.  Four hybrids were evaluated in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP), China from 2018 to 2020 with five different sowing dates.  The results showed that the grain yield formation of summer maize was strongly impacted by the environment from the silking (R1) to milking (R3) stage.  Average minimum temperature (ATmin) was the key environmental factor that determined yield.  Reductions in the length of the growing season (r=–0.556, P<0.01) and the total floret number on ear (R2=0.200, P<0.001) were found when ATmin was elevated from the emerging (VE) to R1 stage.  Both grain-filling rate (R2=0.520, P<0.001) and the floret abortion rate on ear (R2=0.437, P<0.001) showed quadratic relationships with ATmin from the R1 to physiological maturity (R6) stage, while the number of days after the R1 stage (r=–0.756, P<0.01) was negatively correlated with ATmin.  An increase in ATmin was beneficial for the promotion of yield when it did not exceeded a certain level (above 23°C during the R1–R3 stage and 20–21°C during the R1-R6 stage).  Enhanced solar radiation and precipitation during R1–R6 increased the grain-filling rate (R2=0.562, P<0.001 and R2=0.229, P<0.05, respectively).  Compared with short-season hybrids, full-season hybrids showed much greater suitability for a critical environment.  The coordinated regulation of ATmin, ear differentiation and grain development at the pre- and post-silking stages improved maize yield by increasing total floret number and grain-filling rate, and by reducing the floret abortion rate on ear. 

  • Crop Science
    Yibo Hu, Feng Qin, Zhen Wu, Xiaoqin Wang, Xiaolong Ren, Zhikuan Jia, Zhenlin Wang, Xiaoguang Chen, Tie Cai
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(7): 2211-2226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.006

    Lodging is still the key factor that limits continuous increases in wheat yields today, because the mechanical strength of culms is reduced due to low-light stress in populations under high-yield cultivation.  The mechanical properties of the culm are mainly determined by lignin, which is affected by the light environment.  However, little is known about whether the light environment can be sufficiently improved by changing the population distribution to inhibit culm lodging.  Therefore, in this study, we used the wheat cultivar “Xinong 979” to establish a low-density homogeneous distribution treatment (LD), high-density homogeneous distribution treatment (HD), and high-density heterogeneous distribution treatment (HD-h) to study the regulatory effects and mechanism responsible for differences in the lodging resistance of wheat culms under different population distributions.  Compared with LD, HD significantly reduced the light transmittance in the middle and basal layers of the canopy, the net photosynthetic rate in the middle and lower leaves of plants, the accumulation of lignin in the culm, and the breaking resistance of the culm, and thus the lodging index values increased significantly, with lodging rates of 67.5% in 2020–2021 and 59.3% in 2021–2022.  Under HD-h, the light transmittance and other indicators in the middle and basal canopy layers were significantly higher than those under HD, and the lodging index decreased to the point that no lodging occurred.  Compared with LD, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-Lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in the lignin synthesis pathway were significantly reduced in the culms under HD during the critical period for culm formation, and the relative expression levels of TaPAL, Ta4CL, TaCOMT, and TaCAD were significantly downregulated.  However, the activities of lignin synthesis-related enzymes and their gene expression levels were significantly increased under HD-h compared with HD.  A partial least squares path modeling analysis found significant positive effects between the canopy light environment, the photosynthetic capacity of the middle and lower leaves of plants, lignin synthesis and accumulation, and lodging resistance in the culms.  Thus, under conventional high-density planting, the risk of wheat lodging was significantly higher.  Accordingly, the canopy light environment can be optimized by changing the heterogeneity of the population distribution to improve the photosynthetic capacity of the middle and lower leaves of plants, promote lignin accumulation in the culm, and enhance lodging resistance in wheat.  These findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism responsible for the lower mechanical strength of the culm under high-yield wheat cultivation, and a theoretical basis and for developing technical measures to enhance lodging resistance.


  • QIAN Li, LIU Zhibo, HU Maodi, CHANG Zhijun
    Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture. 2024, 36(3): 32-45. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.24-0173
    [Purpose/Significance] The new quality productivity advancing AI technology, especially exemplified by large language models (LLMs), is rapidly updating and attracting wide attention. In order to accelerate the implementation of AI technologies, it is urgent for advanced AI technologies to acquire support from knowledge resources in scientific and technological (S & T) information and libraries. Meanwhile, S & T information provides significant potential service scenarios for the application of AI technologies such as LLMs. This study aims to explore and design the method and path for constructing AI-ready data resources in the field of S & T information, and proposes a comprehensive and operable construction model that adapts to the new technical environment of AI, thereby facilitating comprehensive readiness in the field of intelligence. [Method/Process] This study first focuses on the concept and development status of AI-ready construction, and examines the development of AI-ready construction at home and abroad from three aspects: governments, enterprises and research institutions. The survey shows that the application of artificial intelligence has been highly valued by various fields of scientific research and production. However, the groundwork and preparation for AI applications are still relatively lagging behind, and AI tools cannot be fully implemented in key application scenarios due to the lack of high-quality and refined data resources. Based on the research results, the study made a preliminary definition of AI-ready construction, that is, we defined AI-ready construction as: the various development and improvement actions to adapt the object to the AI technical environment and promote the long-term benefits. The research then focuses on the field of S & T information, and systematically discusses and designs the AI-ready construction mode in the field of S & T information from six aspects: connotation category, construction angle, construction object, construction principle, control dimension and types of construction mode. [Results/Conclusions] The construction of AI-ready S & T information resources is a comprehensive and multi-angle transformation and upgrading process, which is located between the knowledge resource end and the intelligence application end. It is carried out in four aspects, including standards, methods, tools and platforms. The main content of the construction includes channels of AI technology, data transformation, data resources, and data management. At the same time, the construction is comprehensively controlled by six principles and four control dimensions. Besides, this study proposes the way of the practical construction of AI-ready S & T data resources, including the construction of intelligent data systems, and the construction of integrated platforms for the whole life cycle of S&T information data. The path reflects the process of the variation of knowledge resources from diversification to organization and then to integration, which not only serves the scientific information field itself, but also provides more intelligent, convenient, rich and powerful S&T information support for various fields. In the future, it is hoped that further research can delve into more micro and practical aspects, review the specific characteristics of different AI technologies, and provide more detailed suggestions for specific application scenarios at the operational level, providing a solid guarantee for scientific research institutions to achieve the leading strategic position in research and development.
  • ZHOU Wenjie
    Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture. 2024, 36(3): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.24-0300
    [Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to explore the development and evolution of the library statistical evaluation index system, highlighting its characteristics and changes at different stages of document management, information management, and data management. The research is conducted around three key stages: document level, information level, and data level, analyzing the main content and significance of the library statistical evaluation index system at different development stages. The innovation of this paper lies in the systematic analysis of these transitions, providing a comprehensive perspective that integrates theoretical and methodological advances with practical indicators. [Method/Process] The research methodology includes a systematic analysis of statistical evaluation indicators of libraries in different stages of development. The study uses historical review and theoretical analysis methods, analyzing the development of document organization, information digitization, and data management in libraries. By examining the development of classification, cataloging, and evaluation metrics, the research combines historical documentation with contemporary practices to provide a solid theoretical foundation. The study also draws on existing literature and integrates data from library management systems and user feedback to assess service quality and operational efficiency. This mixed-methods approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the applicability and effectiveness of the evaluation indicators. [Results/Conclusions] The study shows that the library's statistical evaluation index system has evolved significantly, reflecting the library's adaptation to changing resource types and management needs. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows. The document level in the first stage, focusing on book circulation, including indicators such as book use efficiency, collection development quality, and reader engagement. Key metrics such as cumulative borrowing and utilization rates provide basic service performance data, but lack deep information insights. With the development of information technology, library statistical evaluation indicators have expanded to include service frequency, response time, user satisfaction, and growth rates, enabling libraries to evaluate and improve service strategies based on user feedback and service performance. Currently, the library's statistical evaluation system focuses on research data management and data value assessment. Indicators now include not only resource- and service-related metrics but also operational efficiency, budget utilization, technological updates, scholarly contributions, and social impact. These indicators provide a comprehensive view of the library's performance in resource management, service quality, and social contribution, helping to optimize resource allocation, enhance service quality, and increase impact. The study also acknowledges certain limitations, such as the evolving nature of technology and user needs, which may require continuous updates to the evaluation system. Future research should explore the integration of advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence to further refine evaluation metrics. In addition, ongoing studies are needed to adapt to emerging trends in data management and user behavior to ensure that libraries remain at the forefront of information services in the digital age.
  • FAN Kexin, XIAN Guojian, ZHAO Ruixue, HUANG Yongwen, SUN Tan
    Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture. 2024, 36(3): 92-107. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.24-0135
    [Purpose/Significance] Breeding 4.0, characterized by "biotechnology + artificial intelligence + big data information technology," has brought new requirements for the digital management and intelligent utilization of germplasm resources. In order to meet the diverse support needs for knowledge service forms under an intelligent background, this article aims to propose an effective method for knowledge organization and deep semantic association. This is essential to address the inconveniences that discrete germplasm resource data bring to researchers when collaborating across regions and institutions. Therefore, the article presents a method that integrates fragmented domain data into a systematic knowledge system, which is particularly important. [Method/Process] By analyzing the domain data descriptions and the current organizational status, the ontology construction was performed using the seven-step method developed by Stanford University Hospital. First, existing ontologies such as the Crop Ontology, Gene Ontology, and Darwin Core were referenced and reused, and then integrated with the knowledge framework from the "Technical Specifications for Crop Germplasm Resources" series and example datasets. Consequently, an ontology model was successfully constructed, which covers five major categories of crops: cereals, cash crops, vegetables, fruit trees, and forage and green manure crops. This model defines 11 core classes including phenotypes and genotypes, as well as identification methods and evaluation standards, along with 10 object properties and 56 data properties. [Results/Conclusions] Based on the ontology model, the article proposes a methodology for constructing a knowledge graph of crop germplasm resources. Using rice as an example, a domain-specific fine-grained knowledge graph is developed to facilitate semantic association and querying across multiple knowledge dimensions. The article also outlines prospective designs for new intelligent knowledge service scenarios driven by the knowledge graph, such as intelligent question and answer and knowledge computation, aiming to meet the knowledge service needs of researchers, breeding companies, and the general public. This is intended to provide more accurate and efficient support for computational breeding efforts. Currently, the research focuses only on rice as an example of a cereal crop, with economic crops, vegetables, and other types of crop germplasm resources not yet included in the study. Future work will expand the scope of the study and add new classes and properties specific to different germplasm resources to better address the diverse and personalized knowledge needs of users in the eraa of big data. This approach aims to promote the contextualization, ubiquity, and intelligence of knowledge services, and to further integrate them into different academic disciplines related to the development of new quality digital productivity.
  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(18): 192-200. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202306140
    为了快速精准地识别复杂果园环境下的葡萄目标,该研究基于YOLOv5s提出一种改进的葡萄检测模型(MRWYOLOv5s)。首先,为了减少模型参数量,采用轻量型网络MobileNetv3作为特征提取网络,并在MobileNetv3的bneck结构中嵌入坐标注意力模块(coordinate attention,CA)以加强网络的特征提取能力;其次,在颈部网络中引入RepVGG Block,融合多分支特征提升模型的检测精度,并利用RepVGG Block的结构重参数化进一步加快模型的推理速度;最后,采用基于动态非单调聚焦机制的损失(wise intersection over union loss,WIoU Loss)作为边界框回归损失函数,加速网络收敛并提高模型的检测准确率。结果表明,改进的MRW-YOLOv5s模型参数量仅为7.56 M,在测试集上的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)达到97.74%,相较于原YOLOv5s模型提升了2.32个百分点,平均每幅图片的检测时间为10.03 ms,比原YOLOv5s模型减少了6.13 ms。与主流的目标检测模型SSD、RetinaNet、YOLOv4、YOLOv7和YOLOX相比,MRW-YOLOv5s模型的mAP分别高出9.89、7.53、2.12、0.91、2.42个百分点,并且在模型参数量大小和检测速度方面有着很大的优势,该研究可为果园智能化、采摘机械化提供技术支持。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(02): 25-26. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.02.008
    随着现代农业技术的发展,设施蔬菜产业逐渐成为解决城市居民蔬菜需求的重要途径。为了实现蔬菜生产过程的智能化管理,提高产量和质量,该文以设施蔬菜生长环境智能监测系统为核心,探讨其在智能化管理中的应用。通过实际案例分析,该文提出一套基于物联网、大数据和人工智能技术的智能监测系统,实现对设施蔬菜生长环境的实时监控、预测与调控,为现代蔬菜产业提供有效的技术支持。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(02): 94-96. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.02.042
    生态振兴是乡村振兴的五大目标之一,生态文明建设和全面推进乡村振兴战略是事关全面建设社会主义现代化国家进程的关键环节,农村公路属于农村基础设施的重要组成部分,也是保障农村社会经济能够顺利发展的基础设施之一。党的十八大以来,国家高度重视农村公路工作,多次对“四好农村路”建设作出重要部署,中国现今农村公路建设,需要积极推进农村公路基础设施绿色化建设。为了提高农村“绿美公路”的建设效率,该研究在建设农村“绿美公路”所需要的植被、湿地、水域、土壤、碳排放五类监测评价指标的基础上,考虑到农村公路在建设过程中工程进度对生态环境的影响,因此加入了工程进度评价指标,并分析不同监测指标对农村“绿美公路”重要的科学评价标准,为农村“绿美公路”建设提供参考依据,为乡村振兴中的生态宜居度提升提供重要的参考与借鉴。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(06): 103-104. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.06.043
    猪舍环境对猪群健康具有较大影响,该文从尘埃粒子、卫生环境、有害气体等方面,对吉林省蛟河市地区猪养殖基地环境进行了分析,并总结了猪舍环境的调控方法,包括防寒保温、防暑降温、净化猪舍空气等,旨在增加当地生猪养殖的猪群体质,提高养殖场产量。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(06): 25-26. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.06.008
    畜禽粪污资源化利用是指将畜禽粪便等废物转化为有用的资源,如有机肥料、生物气等。这不仅可以减少环境污染,还能提高农业废物的经济价值。该文分析了畜禽粪污资源化利用及养殖污染防治措施,旨在为相关从业人员提供参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(09): 24-25. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.09.005
    新时期农村发展应该围绕产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求,提升农业现代化水平,加快美丽乡村建设。该文介绍了新农村建设环境下农业经济管理优化展策略,支出在具体建设中,积极培育农村发展新动能,积极推进人居环境和乡村文明等的建设工作,带动农村经济的发展,为农业经济进一步发展提供参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(09): 17-18. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.09.002
    该文分析了云南施甸地区2020年畜禽粪污资源化利用和土地承载力变化情况,并围绕种养循环农业发展提出了相关建议,为进一步推进施甸县农业产业绿色发展提供参考借鉴。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(09): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.09.001
    随着乡村振兴不断深入推进展开,各地居民与管理层的关注点开始由产业的发展配套,转向居住环境与景观的优化提升,以及自然景观环境的修复与生态系统完善,以期发挥更显著的综合效益。该文以宿迁地区乡村景观规划设计为例,从场地的整体分层分级规划,到具体景观区域的设计与布局,探究低影响开发的理念与手法在其雨洪管理过程中运用,重点是水资源的净化与再利用,以期对未来同类型项目提供参考与借鉴。
  • J Intell Agric Mech Chin Eng. 2021, 2(02): 1-6+25.
    非结构农田环境准确感知与理解,是农业生产自动化向自主化进程中的关键技术支撑。针对农田作业机器人障碍物感知检测技术,提出3个田间避障路径规划的基本原则。分析阐述非结构复杂农田背景下基于视觉检测田间障碍物的优劣势,概述目前基于单目视觉和双目视觉检测障碍物的主要方法及各方法检测田间障碍物的局限性。探讨基于机器视觉的田间障碍物检测技术的实现方式、优缺点对比和局限性等问题,指出基于视觉的多传感器融合是农田作业机器人环境感知、认知进而自主作业的发展方向。
  • J Intell Agric Mech Chin Eng. 2023, 4(02): 35-43.
    针对果园环境下葡萄生长场景复杂多变,葡萄机器人难以根据视觉检测结果制定无碰撞采摘策略的问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLO-v4的不同遮挡状态葡萄检测方法。首先,根据果园环境下葡萄的生长场景状态,将葡萄分别标记为4种类型:无遮挡葡萄,叶片遮挡葡萄,枝干遮挡葡萄,重叠遮挡葡萄;然后采用YOLO-v4框架作为检测模型,将注意力机制模型(CBAM)分别嵌入YOLO-v4框架中的主干网络(CSPDarknet53,YOLO-C-C)和路径聚合网络(PANet, YOLO-C-P),通过对CSPDarknet53和PANet网络特征提取过程进行目标注意,增强网络对葡萄特征的提取能力,降低复杂场景的干扰,以期达到果园环境下不同遮挡葡萄的高精确度检测;最后通过比较YOLO-C-C和YOLO-C-P网络的识别精确度与F1得分,得到最适合果园遮挡场景下的葡萄检测模型YOLO-C-P。对该方法的性能评估及与其他算法对比试验结果表明,YOLO-C-P模型对无遮挡、叶片遮挡、枝干遮挡、重叠遮挡的葡萄检测精确度分别为91.26%、92.47%、92.41%、90.65%,平均F1得分为91.71%;与同系列模型YOLO-v4、YOLO-X-X、YOLO-v5-X相比,F1得分分别提升了12.62、8.65、5.31个百分点。平均识别一幅图像的时间为0.13 s。该研究能够快速、有效识别无遮挡、叶片遮挡、枝干遮挡、重叠遮挡情况下的葡萄,可帮助机器人制定果园环境下的采摘策略(采摘顺序和路径规划),以避免因遮挡导致的碰撞造成采摘失败,为葡萄机器人提供了一种果园采摘辅助决策方法。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2019, 1(01): 56-66. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190106
    "一带一路"倡议涉及区域覆盖亚非欧大陆,沿线国家自然资源丰富,发展潜力巨大。推进"一带一路"倡议的实施既是我国深化对外开放的需要,也是加强同亚非欧国家和世界各国合作的需要,对于强化农业资源环境保护和利用、积极拓展农业国际合作领域,实施农业走出去战略意义重大。本研究区选择与"一带一路"经济走廊紧密关联的64个国家,通过多源数据整合、处理和GIS分析,可视化揭示各国在资源环境方面的发展状况,在劳动力、市场、贸易与能源等方面的发展机遇,以及各国在灾害、健康、宗教与恐怖活动等方面面临的挑战。具体分析的数据类别涉及人口、农业发展、能源、科技、基础设施、经济贸易、国际合作和自然灾害等8大类,数据分析指标包括人口密度、人口增长率、劳动力人口、人口粗出生率、农业用地面积、农业用地百分比、耕地面积、耕地百分比、谷物产量等22个。结合各专题要素GIS空间布局,对"一带一路"地区资源环境多要素格局进行分析,并结合其发展机遇与挑战提出相关建议。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2019, 1(02): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190209
    农作物种质资源是国家的战略性资源,是保障国家粮食安全、发展现代种业的物质基础。农作物种质资源工作经过七十多年的发展,已经形成了考察收集、评价鉴定、编目入库、共享利用的系统性工作流程。在计算机技术快速发展的当下,利用信息技术促进农作物种质资源工作规范化是种质资源工作的发展趋势。我国种质资源工作信息化经过三十多年的发展,已经建立了完善的种质资源数据库以及信息系统。针对目前种质资源工作中出现的种质数据溯源困难、难以安全传输以及育成品种产权纠纷等问题,本文提出了一种基于区块链的解决方案,研究了基于区块链的种质资源数据管理方案、存储方案、共识方案和加密方案,将区块链技术体系中的关键技术应用到农作物种质资源数据管理当中,提出了一种区块链技术在种质资源数据管理领域的应用设想。结合目前种质资源工作和区块链技术的发展现状,总结了区块链技术在种质资源数据管理领域的发展方向。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2019, 1(03): 28-37. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190303
    数字经济是继农业经济、工业经济之后的一种新的经济社会发展形态,是当前引领全球经济增长的重要引擎之一。数字经济已经成为我国经济发展最为活跃的领域,是实现经济可持续发展的有效路径。农业是我国的基础性产业,数字农业是我国数字经济的重要组成部分,发展数字农业有利于实现农业生产的精准决策、精准指导,有利于提升农业产业竞争力,让全体农民共享数字经济发展红利。数字经济的关键生产要素是数字化的知识和信息,即数字资源。农业农村领域的数字资源,包括数据库数据、电子文件、图片、视频、网页、遥感影像等。目前我国农业农村信息化水平还不高,数字资源相对匮乏。农业农村数字资源存在着资源分散、标准不统一、缺乏覆盖全生命周期的数字资源管理体系等现实问题,有必要开展农业农村数字资源体系架构的研究与设计工作,从顶层视角建立相关标准和规范,对数字资源的组织形式进行改进和提升,构建农业农村数字资源的蓝图。本文分析了世界粮农组织及美国农业部关于农业农村数字资源主题分类情况,通过对覆盖农业农村数字资源的生命周期,包括规划、设计、采集、存储、处理、管理、服务和使用的全过程进行研究和设计,搭建起农业农村数字资源体系架构,重点对农业农村主题数据库架构进行了阐述,并提出了完善农业农村数字资源体系所要开展的重点建设任务和发展建议。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2019, 1(03): 71-81. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190307
    科学数据中心是科学数据管理的重要载体,评估认证对于科学数据中心规范化的科学数据管理具有重要意义。荷兰数据认可印章(DSA)建立了可信赖数字仓储核心认证机制,为数据存储库提供核心级认证。国际科学联合会世界数据系统(WDS)与DSA联合推出CoreTrustSeal合作认证,并在全球开展国际科学数据中心认证。随着我国《科学数据管理办法》于2018年3月出台,我国科学数据中心也面临着提高专业化水平和国际化影响的紧迫需求。在此背景下,本文阐述分析了CoreTrustSeal认证要求的三大类条款和16项指南。介绍了成立于1988年的WDS可再生资源与环境数据中心(WDC-RRE)在实际认证工作中的做法。提出科学数据中心要加强顶层设计、重视数据编目、提高国际化水平、加强认证佐证材料准备、提高认证材料的可访问性等数据中心认证的体会和建议。WDC-RRE于2018年4月提交申请,于2019年2月正式通过CoreTrustSeal认证,成为亚洲地区地学领域第一个通过该国际认证的世界数据中心。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2019, 1(04): 58-64. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190406
    农业大数据在农作物栽培、田间精准管理、智能管控、气象分析、产量预测、农业生产决策等方面都得到了广泛的实践和应用。本文在梳理国内外科学数据资源平台建设和相关研究的基础上,综述了我国热区的贵州省、广东省和海南省的农业科学数据资源平台的建设情况,总结了热区农业大数据建设存在的主要问题,包括了热区农业数据采集和处理等的标准化体系不健全、标准化水平不高,增大了信息资源共享的难度,核心数据缺乏和数据质量不高,热带农业数据体量大但底数不清等问题。并提出了加强大数据政策法规战略的制定及标准体系建设,加快农业大数据学科专业建设,开展农业大数据定制等增值业务,进一步推进大数据和热带农业的融合,探索建立热带农业科学大数据参建人员和参建单位的激励机制等对策和建议。建立完整的热带农业数据监测、数据分析和数据发布制度,能形成热带作物大数据"一张图"。开展农业科学大数据研究,能有效提高热带农业生产精准化和智能化水平,增强我国热带农业在国际市场上的话语权,影响力和国际竞争力。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(01): 98.
    <正>首都"两区"建设的推进实施,践行习近平总书记的"两山"理论,厚植绿色发展优势,河北省马铃薯产业发展水资源约束将长期存在,如何实现生态、经济的双赢发展?王哲教授的著作《水资源约束下河北省马铃薯产业发展研究》分为五篇:生产篇、市场篇、资源约束篇、技术采纳篇和对策建议篇。著作重点研究了河北马铃薯产业在全国产业地位、马铃薯产业特性、市场价格监测与分析、水资源约束、农业节水技术采纳行为、产业扶贫成效评价等。著
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(01): 60-69. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200108
    【目的】为研究气候变暖背景下四川省农业热量资源要素的变化趋势以及省内各个地区热量资源要素的变化特征。【方法】本文利用四川省40个气象站点1961-2016年逐日气象数据,采用气候倾向率、M-K检验分析了热量资源要素的时间变化趋势,构建了基于经纬度、海拔高程的多元回归方程,并采用多元回归残差反距离订正法分析了热量资源要素的空间变化特征。【结果】研究表明:1961-2016年四川省气温普遍增加,其中年平均气温、年均最低气温、≥0℃积温和≥10℃积温的平均气候倾向率分别为0.204℃/10a、0.267℃/10a、58.48℃/10a和61.49℃/10a。从空间变化看,全省年气温和积温的高值区间均由东南向西北扩大,其中川西北地区、攀西地区、川东盆区年平均气温和年均最低气温增加明显;川西平原≥0℃积温增加最明显,川东南地区≥10℃积温增幅最大。1961-2016年间四川省无霜期和喜温作物生长季天数普遍增多,其中无霜期增加区域以川西北高原、川西平原地区、川东北地区最为明显;川西南凉山州喜温作物生长季天数增加最为显著。【结论】1961-2016年四川省气温普遍增加,无霜期和喜温作物生长季普遍延长,农业热量资源要素增加明显,其中热量资源增加的区域主要是四川盆地、攀西地区和川西北高原等地区。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(04): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200411
    长期定位观测是揭示全球环境结构与功能演变规律的重要研究手段,我国农业科学观测数据积累具有良好的实验站基础,已形成由土壤肥力网和种质资源圃网为代表的长期定位观测网络,但信息化程度较低,农业科学长期定位观测工作在系统化、标准化、网络化方面仍有较长的路要走。本文以农业环境科学观测数据为出发点,重点关注农业科学观测数据的跨领域融合问题,探讨农业环境与作物种质资源、土壤质量、病虫害、农业微生物、畜禽养殖、渔业资源环境、农产品质量安全的交叉与联系,研究农业环境对农业科学观测大数据融合的纽带作用。进一步论述了以农业环境为纽带的农业科学观测数据融合,建立了农业科学观测数据融合框架,讨论了农业科学观测大数据融合在联网观测、数据标准化、数据采集和数据融合等方面的条件。提出了在联网观测的基础上,着重发展学科交叉,推动数据标准化,稳定经费支持,保障数据采集,加强交叉学科研究,探索数据融合方法等建议,以期促进农业科学观测大数据融合发展,挖掘农业科学观测数据的价值,指导农业生产,为农业政策制定提供基础支撑。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(04): 38-46. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200405
    【目的】农用微生物与农业生产关系紧密,作用不可替代,农用微生物资源与数据互为一体,与资源应用的效果和方式密切相关,明确农用微生物资源和数据关联特征,有助于资源挖掘应用和大数据整合分析。【方法】调查国内主要农用微生物资源保藏单位、菌种保藏量与菌种鉴定数量,以及信息化网站建设与共享菌种数量;分析微生物资源生物学数据,包括培养组、基因组学、转录组、代谢组数据等;生态关联型数据,包括微生物多样性、宏基因组、宏转录组、宏代谢组,以及功能监测数据等;以及文献数据关联性字段。【结果】按照功能属性,将农用微生物资源及数据划分为肥效微生物、生防微生物、饲料和动物肠道微生物、能源微生物、农田环境微生物以及食用菌等六个领域;国内40个农用微生物资源单位,收集保藏农用微生物资源51万余株,但菌种鉴定信息、功能评价数据比例偏低,共享网站、数据库建设,以及菌种信息化数量偏少;农用微生物数据多为自生生物学数据和生态型关联型数据,功能型数据较少;微生物资源菌种名称、菌种编号、基因序列号,监测科学数据的样品地点、样品编号等是各类型农用微生物资源和数据关联的关键字段。【结论】农用微生物资源与资源生物学数据是统一的整体,构建集生态型和功能型数据为一体的综合数据库是资源高效利用的必要条件。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(04): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200410
    【目的】应用天敌进行生物防治是化学防治的有效替代,也是绿色农业的重要组成部分。我国天敌资源丰富,但目前缺乏稳定的调查与监测体系,且调查方法标准化程度不高、技术门槛较高。影响到资源及时、有效地被利用。近年来,大数据领域飞速发展,为天敌资源调查、监测及信息化也提供了新的思路,有必要大数据驱动的天敌资源监测与调查体系。【方法】要实现天敌资源领域由样本数据到全局数据的转变,需要从以下四个方面实现转变:(1)数据采集从传统人工方法到自动化方法的转变;(2)调查人员从专业人员到广大涉农人员的转变;(3)数据上报由定时定点监测到基于对象的开放式上报的转变;(4)系统运作由集中管理向去中心化的转变。【结果】国家天敌等昆虫资源数据中心于2017年成立,依据分阶段实现"大数据化"的工作思路,通过三年的工作,逐步确立了从采样到数据管理与分析的标准化工作方案,构建了天敌资源监测与调查体系,收集到大量数据,并开展了初步分析,取得了预期的成效。【结论】大数据驱动的天敌资源调查与监测体系构建思路切实可行,是农业生态系统中如何建立活体物种资源信息系统的有益尝试。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(04): 20-28. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200403
    【目的】作物种质资源观测鉴定站点的合理布局是获取科学有效观测鉴定数据的前提。本研究目的是通过建立布局合理、规范科学的种质资源长期观测鉴定体系,对资源的重要性状开展综合鉴定评价,整合观测鉴定数据,为作物种质资源大数据体系建设提供重要内容,为农业科学研究和现代种业发展提供坚实的基础数据支撑。【方法】本文首先根据调研,确定全国有能力进行评价鉴定的站点共379家,然后以气候生产潜力为载体,确定与作物生长密切相关的环境因素并计算各站点的因素值,最后以这些因素作为聚类因子选择空间最邻近聚类方法进行空间聚类,建立每类站点的泰森多边形完成区域的划分。【结果】基于以上方法,确定气温、降水、海拔、纬度和日照时长是与作物生长密切相关的环境因素,将站点聚类成26类,通过建立泰森多边形将全国划分成26个评价鉴定区,并在分区基础上设置6条站点布设原则以指导区域内站点选择。【结论】站点体系布局关系到未来观测评价结果的代表性和科学性,站点的选择是一个非常复杂的过程。本文的站点体系布局方法将环境因素和空间因素有效结合,不仅能够有效指导作物种质资源领域多环境评价鉴定地点的选择,也可为作物相关领域的观测站点布设提供参考,从而获得更具有价值和代表性的鉴定数据。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2021, 3(01): 14-24. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210102
    大数据指的是具有数据量大、实时性强、数据种类多、数据有价值4大特性的海量数据的集合。随着计算机科学和信息技术的快速发展,大数据在医疗健康领域已具有广泛应用。在国家大数据战略布局逐渐健全和"一带一路"的推广的背景下,中药资源产业亟待国际化发展的升级转型,将中药资源产业与大数据分析技术的融合可以有力的促使中医药相关产业的全面化发展和深入研究。中药资源大数据的全面发展越发成为中医药资源相关产业发展的重要驱动力之一。中药资源大数据主要包括中药资源种类数目、物种空间分布情况、资源蕴藏量、资源变化趋势、中药栽培与野生情况、收购量、需求量、供给量、中药材质量及中药传统应用知识等大量数据。这些数据的统筹分析对于中药资源产业的规划引导和整体布局具有重要影响。因此,及时掌握中药资源大数据的应用与发展现状,可以更好地为后续的研究和应用指引方向。本文从中药资源大数据的应用情况方面着手,综述了中药资源数据库、中药资源动态监测站的建设现状和中药资源大数据的研究进展。最后,本文针对在中药资源大数据发展中可能遇到的问题提出了建议,为中药资源产业可持续发展进行了科学的规划指导,为中医临床治疗中更加优质的疗效及中医药事业的发展奠定基础。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2021, 3(01): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210105
    【目的】本研究旨在开展新疆棉田土壤微生物资源大数据与多元异构农业资源数据间基础调查及信息的有效整合与科学分析。【方法】根据新疆不同地区及不同成熟度的棉花种植分区,在新疆生产兵团棉花生产农业大数据平台的基础上,建立中国典型棉田生态系统的微生物组数据库及大数据可视化分析流程。通过LEfse差异分析、RDA冗余分析等手段,解析2017—2019年的新疆棉田土壤微生物多样性和群落结构,并采用建模等方式,实现对棉田土壤微生物资源与多元异构农业资源数据的有效整合。【结果】建成了包含约1.7 GB的土壤微生物信息和5~6 GB环境信息的新疆棉田土壤微生物资源数据库和土壤微生物多样性的可视化分析流程。利用该平台,经分析发现:新疆地区的特早熟棉区(博乐、石河子、阜康),早熟棉区(奎屯),早中熟棉区(哈密)的棉田土壤细菌群落结构在门水平上变化较大,主要类群变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占20.9~29.8%,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)占16.1~30.6%,疣微菌门(Verrucomi-crobia)占8.7~28.9%,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)占6.6~21.2%。LEfse分析显示差异物种共计255种,其中鞘脂单胞菌(Sphingomonadales)、脱硫杆菌(Desulfobacterales)、地杆菌(Geobacter)等是北疆棉区微生物群落结构差异的主要物种。【结论】通过对新疆棉田土壤微生物多样性数据的收集、管理、及分析,为新疆生产兵团棉花生产农业大数据平台的构建与应用起到了重要的支撑作用,将为我国棉田土壤微生物多样性资源的保护和利用奠定科学基础。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2021, 3(02): 42-53. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210205
    大数据是具有数据量大、类型复杂、价值密度低和实效高四大特性的庞大数据集合。大数据技术是一种非结构性的数据处理技术,可以将不同产业收集的大量数据进行专业化的处理。中药资源大数据是中药产业在漫长发展过程中所产生的大量具有实际意义的数据。内蒙古地区作为少数民族聚居地区,在长期历史发展的过程中,蒙医药同中医药一起,在防病治病方面起着重要的作用,积累了大量的中蒙医药数据。如何对这些数据进行收集整理是当前中医药资源相关产业发展重要的驱动力之一,也是中医药现代化进程中有利的推动力之一。随着现在科学技术的发展,中蒙药资源的应用与最前沿的大数据技术相结合,可以有力的促进中医中药与蒙医蒙药现代化发展进程。本文整理了内蒙古地区中蒙药资源数据库、中药资源动态监测站、中药产业大数据平台的建设情况并总结了关于内蒙古地区中药资源大数据的研究现状。最后,本文针对内蒙古地区中蒙药资源在发展中可能遇到的相关问题提出了对应的发展方案,为中蒙药资源的可持续利用和发展及解决不同地区中药及民族药野生资源匮乏的问题提供了一种研究方法,为内蒙古地区及全国其他各地区的中药资源大数据的研究提供方案,为今后中药资源的大数据应用建设与发展奠定了科学基础。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2021, 3(02): 31-41. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210204
    【有关概念】:农业资源数据是用来描述农业资源的数字、字母、符号、图表、图形或其他模拟量。农业资源数据里包含着农业资源信息。【目前研究现状】:目前,新疆生产建设兵团正在大力开展农业大数据研究与应用建设工作,在此过程中,传统的农业资源数据采集与整合方式表现出采集标准不一致,数据质量不高,信息碎片化、流动性低等问题,迫切需要研究出一套经济、可行、高效的农业资源数据采集与整合方法。【本文的内容概括】:本研究综述了国内现阶段农业数据资源的研究进展情况,讨论了农业资源数据采集与整合方法研究的意义。在对新疆生产建设兵团现有农业资源数据进行系统观察、分析和梳理主要问题的基础上,将农业资源数据采集与整合方法拆分成技术指标规范模块、农业资源采集模块、数据质量检查模块、异构数据转换模块、数据分类编码模块、数据管理模块、决策支持模块、农业资源共享模块,建立了一套农业资源数据采集与整合方法模型,搭建了新疆兵团农业资源整合与共享平台。【展望】:农业资源数据的数量、质量和实效性关系到农业大数据的发展基础。本文已针对现阶段农业资源数据采集与整合情况,对分散、异域的农业资源数据进行初步采集与整合,后期将在实践中不断改进其中不必要和不合理的部分,寻求一种更经济、更合理、更有效的工作程序,为挖掘、揭示和再组织不同农业资源数据间的关联关系做好充分的数据准备。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2022, 4(02): 40-47. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220207
    通过对梨种质资源果实生长发育动态观测,探讨果实生长发育规律,为提高其果实品质和产量提供参考依据,对指导果农在果实不同生长发育时期采取相应肥水管理措施、提高果实商品率和品质具有重要意义。对国家梨苹果种质资源圃(兴城) 9个种20份梨种质资源果实生长发育开展动态观测,10个性状包括果实横径、果实纵径、单果重,并计算果实发育期、营养生长天数;在果实成熟期调查果实形状、萼片状态、果实底色、果实心室数,并测量果梗长度;对秋子梨栽培品种‘南果梨’和野生资源‘东宁山梨1’果实成熟期前25天起每隔7天对可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量变化进行动态测定,明确秋子梨栽培品种和野生资源之间糖和淀粉的积累规律及存在的差异,以丰富中国梨种质资源植物学特征和果实发育规律等数据,为完善我国梨种质资源数据库奠定基础。

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