The purposes of this paper are to screening suitable rice cultivars for mechanization planting in hilly and mountains region. The field trials and randomized blocks design experiments were carried out to study the seedling quality, tiller dynamic, grain yield and cultivar planting character of late rice cultivars in two typical hilly and mountains regions. The experimental results indicated that: the yield of ‘ⅡYou418’ was the highest with 6.855 t/hm2 in low mountains region, and the yield of ‘Yueyou9113’was the highest in high mountains region, which reached 6.637 t/hm2. The mechanization planting late rice cultivar should have the characters of strong tiller ability, short growth period and the uniformity of the heading stage in double-rice cropping area of hilly region.

It is an inevitable trend that agricultural machines are replacing human and animal power in agricultural production. The soil mechanical compaction problem has become more and more prominent with the rapid improvement of agricultural mechanization level. In this study, we analyzed the stress transfer model of soil mechanical compaction and the deterioration of soil quality after the mechanical compaction such as the increase of soil bulk density and firmness, and the decrease of porosity, moisture content and permeability. It is found that soil compaction could lead to soil quality deterioration to inhibit the root growth and development of crops, and cause an adverse effect on the absorption of moisture and nutrients. It is estimated that soil mechanical compaction in agricultural production could reduce the yield of maize by 9.5%-14.4%, of wheat by 4.0%-20.0%, of soybean by 3.8%-13.4%, and of sugar beet root by 5.81%-24.13%, and sugar content of sugar beet by 0.49-0.81°Z. Therefore, sufficient attention must be paid to the soil compaction in agricultural production, and feasible technical measures should be taken to reduce the negative impact of agricultural mechanization on soil, promote crop growth and improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture.

In order to verify the improved situation, the experiment determined the soil physicochemical properties of undisturbed region, restored region and destroyed region of MTG (Mentougou) abandoned coal mine in Beijing. The mathematical statistical analysis displayed the significant difference of 11 soil physiochemical properties; there were extremely significant differences of soil physicochemical effect between restored region and undisturbed region, destroyed region; and also found the soil remediation limit factor with single factor hypothesis test. The experiment confirmed that it was unable to complete the restoration only with the help of natural force; the comprehensive effect analysis proved that the physicochemical property of soil combined effect was obviously improved. The single factor hypothesis test proved that it was the soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium and total nitrogen that were the key recovery target in the future.

This study investigated the effects of mechanization cultivation on the growth of cassava and the physical and chemical character of soil. The cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’, SC5 and SC205 which had been produced on the wide use of large area was used as materials, and the mechanization cultivation and traditional manual cultivation were compared in the studies. The emergence, the growth of stem and leaf, the leaf physiological and biochemical characteristics, the unit weight, the hole percent and the soil three phases were analyzed during the experiment. Results showed that, not only can the mechanization cultivation promote the germination percentage, promote the stems and leaves of cassava growth but also decrease the soil unit weight, increase the holes percent of soil, promote microbe activity in the soil. Mechanized planting compared with hand planting, the soil bulk density decreased 0.16 g/cm3, soil porosity increased 7.46%, the germination rate of seed-stem increased 4.06%. It was effective way to promote cassava growth, improving the soil physical and chemical character.

This paper introduced the research results of discrete element method in the field of agricultural engineering, according to the different aspects in agricultural engineering realm, discussed discrete element method recently application situation in the soil grain, agricultural particle material, single medium in multiphase flow, respectively, and pointed out some corresponding problems, like the limited orders of magnitude, inaccurate particle model, complicated work condition, etc. Proposed the future research trend of discrete element method: developed professional discrete element method software for agricultural, improved the efficiency of the operation of particle group; through accurately gained the material mesoscopic parameters, perfected contact model at the theoretical basis, in order to make result of simulation and real experiment closely; coupled discrete element method with other software, through the API secondary development, broaden the application of discrete element method in particles complex movement.

As the most important oil crop in China, rapeseed plays an important role both in our daily life and industrial production. In this paper, the biochemical process of seed oil synthesis, three main ways and the progress of improving oil content by genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed were reviewed. The paper also introduced the latest research advances of genetic engineering techniques which used in improving the quality of rape fatty acids，such as oleic acid, erucic acid and lauric acid. In addition, the application tendency of genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed oil was discussed.

The whole-process mechanization is an inevitable trend in rape production, but the current level of mechanization in rape production in China is still low. This study analyzed the situation of the mechanized production of direct-seeding rape, and elaborated the high-yield and high-efficiency agronomic measures suitable for the whole-process mechanized production of direct-seeding rape in China from six aspects: variety selection, farmland preparation, sowing, fertilization, pest control and harvesting. In view of the problems in the promotion of direct-seeding rape, this study put forward corresponding improvement measures and possible research priorities in the future, in order to enhance the mechanized production level of direct-seeding rape, accelerate the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic measures, and promote the high-quality development of the rape industry.

Solar greenhouse, as an energy-saving agricultural production building, plays an important role in improving farmers’ production efficiency and people’s living standard. In order to clarify the development level and direction of solar greenhouse engineering technology, this paper summarizes recent research on the wall structure optimization of solar greenhouse type, innovation-type solar greenhouse, heat preservation and storage engineering technology, photovoltaic solar greenhouse and so on, and discusses the development direction of solar greenhouse in construction and thermal environment engineering. The development trends of solar greenhouse are: (1) the construction of solar greenhouse is developing towards simplification and standardization; (2) solar greenhouse facilities and equipment are developing towards high efficiency and energy conservation; (3) the environmental regulation and management of solar greenhouse is developing towards precision and intelligence.

Hollow village is a phenomenon of rural regional system degeneration resulting from the rapid urbanization and non-agricultural population, which leads to waste or inefficient utilization of the rural land resources, and severely hampers the sustainable development of rural economy and society. The author took an example of Caidai to demonstrate the hollow village renovation project. On the basis of surveying natural conditions, social and economic situations and present situation of land use, the renovation project was carried out in the village for demolition of abandoned houses and material treatment, land formation, farmland irrigation improvement, field road construction, farmland protection and ecological environment maintenance. As a result, the effective land use area in Caidai was increased by 14.34 hm2, preliminarily formed the renovation technology concerning the above aspects and provided references for further renovation of hollow villages in hilly area.

In the crop genetic engineering, constitute promoters have been used to make foreign gene express efficiently in transgenic crops, but constitute promoters are unable to regulate gene expression temporally and spatially. Tissue-specific promoters can be employed to alleviate the drawbacks of constituted promoters in transgenic crops. The target genes driven by tissue-specific promoters are expressed in special tissue or organ, and the target proteins are accumulated in special parts. This review was a brief introduction to tissue-specific promoter characters, mainly focusing on the category of tissue-specific promoters and the up-to-date research progress in crop genetic engineering. Furthermore, the limits and prospects of tissue-specific promoters in crop genetic engineering were discussed.

To reveal the evolution characteristics of soil quality of coal mining subsidence area under different engineering reclamation measures, based on a 10 years long-term test, the authors studied the soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure and the change characteristics of land productivity in coal mining subsidence area in the southeast Shanxi, with topsoil stripping and mixed pushing engineering reclamation. The results showed that in the beginning of the reclamation, the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and land productivity under topsoil stripping reclamation were significantly higher than that of mixed pushing reclamation. After 7 years of reclamation, the physical properties, microbial community structure composition and diversity and land productivity of the soil were basically the same between the two measures, and the difference was not significant. During the 10 years of reclamation, the soil nutrient content in 0-20 cm soil layer was always shown as topsoil stripping > mixed reclamation. During the 10 years, the cumulative return of topsoil stripping increased by 6609 yuan/hm² compared with that of mixed pushing reclamation. Topsoil stripping reclamation was better than mixed pushing reclamation in maintaining topsoil fertility and comprehensive return. However, after 10 years of reclamation, the land productivity and fertility level of the two reclamation measures were very low, indicating that the reclamation method was only a leading link in the mining area reclamation process, and the ecological restoration of the soil in the mining area must be combined with fertilization measures.

The high loss rate in the rape mechanized harvesting process has restricted the rape production development, and it is difficult to be solved only from the farm machinery aspect. The plant material characteristic research based on mechanized harvesting adaptability was done in this paper. The flowering length, lodging resistance and yield of plant with different density were tested. At the same time the maximum breaking strength was analyzed .The results showed that: the increased appropriately planting density (449800 plant per hm2) was advantageous to the mechanized harvesting, with thinner stem, less branches, upper pod-setting and high stem-lodging resistance. The flowering length of rape was shortened with the increasing of plant density and had little influence on the mechanized harvest work.

The purpose is to study the combined treatment and disposal of pig farm wastewater. The wastewater of pig farms in Yong’an, Fujian was treated by solid-liquid separation, anaerobic fermentation and biological lagoon sequentially. The results show that the effluent quality of SS, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TP is 48.0, 138.0, 37.3, 41.6 and 2.02 mg/L, respectively, meeting the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding (GB 18596-2001). Analysis of the investment cost and benefit indicate that the technique has low cost and soon payback.

Sugar beet is an important raw material of sugar industry, which has been planted for more than 100 years in China. In recent years, the labor price has risen sharply with the rapid transfer of rural labor force, and sugar beet planting is more time-consuming, so the mechanization of sugar beet production has been taken seriously and developed rapidly. The field operation efficiency of beet machines is calculated based on the analysis of the environmental conditions, soil conditions, mechanical properties, agricultural seasons and other factors in sugar beet machines’ operation. The sugar beet machines are reasonably configured and the combined operation is adopted as far as possible, which can ensure that the corresponding operation area to be completed within the operation period, so as to improve the utilization rate and operation efficiency of machinery to guarantee the technology’s feasibility and economic profitability.

To improve farmers’ non-agricultural income, solve the core problems of the Sannong issue (namely, agriculture, rural community and farmers), this paper uses VAR (vector auto regression) model to empirically explore the interaction between agricultural mechanization and farmers’ off-farm income in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that agricultural mechanization and farmers’ non-agricultural income in Heilongjiang Province are Granger causality. In addition, the development of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province has a relatively stable promoting effect on the increase of non-agricultural income, but there is a certain lag in the short term. The increase of non-agricultural income will strongly inhibit the development of agricultural mechanization, and it has not yet formed a benign interactive relationship of mutual promotion. In view of this, in order to promote the formation of a benign interactive relationship between agricultural mechanization and non-agricultural income in the province, the study puts forward some suggestions on relying on scientific and technological progress to drive the development of agricultural mechanization, upgrading the service guarantee level of agricultural machinery by improving agricultural cooperation organizations, strengthening the training of agricultural machinery skills, giving full play to the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery, broadening farmers’ non-agricultural employment channels and increasing farmers’ non-agricultural income.

A full tendering procedure contains mainly six parts, namely, bids, tenders, bid opening, bid evaluation, bid winning and contract signing according with the tendering and bidding law of People's Republic of China, including agricultural construction projects. Agricultural construction project is more extensive in arrangement of constructional content and more divisions of bidding and tender than the regular construction ones. So it’s crucial to operated in a scientific, rational, legitimate and realistic way to guarantee its success in every detailed process. The bidding package related perspectives of laws and regulations, project technology, fully potential competition of bidders, tender cost and evaluation were discussed in the present study. We are expecting to find a specific manifestation and effective principles and criterions in tender division based on the specific cased we used, and provide references to professionals for bidding and tenders in agricultural construction projects.

In view of the present situation that large quantities of soybean varieties or lines in Shanxi soybean production area were difficult to adapt to mechanized harvesting, the bottleneck problem of mechanized harvesting, the height of bottom pod, was studied, to provide a theoretical basis for mechanized harvesting of soybean. By using the method of cluster analysis and correlation analysis, the variation law of soybean pod height was summarized with the regulation of planting density, and the dynamic relationship between the density and the bottom pod height and the related yield traits was analyzed. The results showed that 18 accessions of germplasm were divided into 3 categories by cluster analysis at the Euclidean distance OD=8.23: the first kind was medium branched soybean, the second was multi branched soybean, and the third was few branched soybean. The changing trend of the bottom pod height of different branch type varieties was different along with the increasing planting density. When the bottom pod height was suitable for mechanized harvesting, the best combination point of density and yield was that, the density of medium branched type was 140000/hm2 and 270000/hm2, the density of few branched type was 120000/hm2 and 270000/hm2. The density of multi branched type was 240000/hm2. The density regulates the bottom pod height, increases the yield, and makes the mechanized harvesting feasible.

The author presented a modern green agriculture industrialization idea. It is a systematization green agricultural engineering for green farm production and organic livestock production. It based on organic fertilizers' commercial production by using the anaerobic digestion residue from reticular modern biogas engineering system for agricultural and the large scale livestock farm wastes, and healthy animal feed production via mass cultivation of microalgae in biogas slurry. In addition to the benefit of biogas energy production, it was expected to completely solve the problem of agricultural wastes accumulation and the resulting environmental pollution.

In order to provide new ideas and basis for the construction of engineering strains which could ferment new carbon sources to ethanol, the construction methods concluding protoplast fusion technique, gene engineering technology of different levels (containing classic genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, global transcription machinery engineering and evolutionary engineering) and low-energy ion beam mediated transgenic technology were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies were also analyzed. The immense application prospect of low-energy ion beam mediated transgenic technology in engineering strains’construction was shown in this paper.

In recent 10 years, German biogas industry has played an important role in its national strategy and energy system construction, it also has been the leader of the global new energy industry development. Based on German new energy development, the authors researched the development status and successful experience of German biogas engineering, and made a comprehensive introduction from the aspects of legal policy, project distribution, installed capacity, industry regulation and biogas slurry and residue utilization. Through the research and analysis of German biogas engineering system, guidance and reference were provided to the further development, application and promotion of biogas technology in China. At the same time, suggestions that suit the development of new energy in China were proposed combined with the realities of China.

There was adequate supply of sugar beet root for the development of sugar industry. In the context of the rapid rise in the agricultural labor price, sugar beet mechanized cultivation should be realized for the development of sugar beet production. Through the analysis of the agronomic technical requirements in sugar beet planting process, the technical integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy was discussed, and the progressiveness and practicability of agronomy and agricultural machinery techniques were taken into consideration. The path of coordinated technical development between agricultural machinery and agronomy in the process of sugar beet production was put forward to reduce the cost, decrease the loss, raise the yield and quality of sugar beet for the sugar beet planting benefit, which could promote the healthy and sustainable development of beet sugar industry and ensure the sugar supply of China.

The study revealed the carbon emission mechanism of the mode of wheat-maize continuous cropping, aiming to provide theoretical references for the low-carbon agriculture based on data from farmers’ survey in the demonstration region of science & technology project for food production in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province. It analyzed the difference of carbon footprint per unit area and its components, and carbon footprint per unit output of farmland between innovative and traditional mode of wheat-maize continuous cropping with life-cycle approach (LCA), and found the relationship between the carbon footprint of innovative mode and cultivation scale. The results indicate that the value of carbon footprint of the traditional mode per unit area is 2159.50 kg(CO₂-eq)/hm², 2.11% higher than that of the innovative mode. The contribution sequence of carbon footprint of the two modes is consistent, in an order of: fertilizer>N₂O>diesel>seed>electricity>pesticide. The value of carbon footprint per unit output of the traditional mode is 0.1402 kg(CO₂-eq)/kg, 25.18% higher than that of the innovative mode. The value of carbon footprint of the innovative model per unit area is significantly and negatively correlated with the cultivation scale. In conclusion, the innovative mode has certain emission reduction, chemical fertilizer is the main influencing factor on the carbon emission of the mode, and the cultivation scale also has effect on carbon emission.

In recent years, soil mechanized compaction is becoming an increasingly prominent problem with the rapid development of agricultural mechanization. Through the analysis of the reasons of soil compaction caused by tractor-unit’s shaft load, pass numbers and operation in wet soil, the soil changes were expounded including physical properties of soil bulk density, hardness, porosity, moisture content and so on, which caused the increase of the tractor-unit operation resistance and the raise of fuel consumption, and a negative impact on crop growth. Some synthesized measures were put forward, including agricultural mechanization techniques such as the operation system of fixed path, the reduction of machine mass, the use of low-pressure tires, avoiding operation in high humidity field and adopting joint operations, as well as agronomic techniques such as increasing soil organic matter and crop rotation, to improve soil compaction, ensure sustainable agricultural development and obtain better results of crop production.

Fishery Internet of Vessels (FIoV) provides vessel-vessel and vessel-shore information interaction and smart services by carrying information perception, processing and transmission equipment, which has scientific significance and practical value in the fields of fishery production, overocean communication, safety management, fishery law enforcement and ocean detection. The current application situation and the evolution trends of FIoV engineering system are analyzed. The research status and development trends of perception layer, transport layer and application layer are reviewed in detail, then the major technologies and scientific problems involved are summarized. Based on the demands of fishing vessel detection, overocean communication, data fusion and data mining, the major obstacles in the development of FIoV in China are analyzed from the aspects of basic research, platform construction, cutting-edge technology, equipment engineering and standard system. Subsequently, the developing countermeasures of technological innovation for FIoV engineering system are pointed out. Finally, the suggestions are proposed with the goal of "breaking through key technology, developing core equipment, building basic platform and forming innovation ability" and the route of "exploration period, deployment period and expansion period".

In order to ensure national food security, make economic and social development in harmony with sustainable and efficient agricultural development, promoting agricultural land from low standard to high standard is becoming more and more urgent. High standard basic farmland construction is now an inevitable choice. With consideration to the literatures and the experience of high standard agricultural land consolidation engineering in the past years, the concept and goal of high standard agricultural land consolidation engineering were discussed, and then its main technical essentials were summarized. Finally the authors made an outlook on the development trend of the high standard agricultural land engineering technology. This study could provide reference for constructing the high standard basic farmland in China, and has great significance to promote agricultural modernization.

China is one of the most abundant countries of straw resource in the world. It is a clean and efficient straw energy utilization pathway for using straw to biogas production. In order to discuss the situation of utilization of large-scale biogas plants for straw, the author combined the field research of her own with other researchers’ work, briefly introduced the characteristics and pretreatment methods of feedstock, the type and characteristics of the fermentation process, the utilization of biogas. Meanwhile, contrasted of the current European advanced biogas production, the author analyzed the main existing problems about biogas plants, such as collection and pretreatment of feedstock and operation of the plant, and put forward corresponding suggestions.

Combined with tobacco industry Dali Xiangyun water project of construction and management experience, according to the tobacco industry in Yunnan Province water project funded by the planning and construction of the discussion is being put into practice in Honghe Shiping defrosts water project construction supervision measures, the key is how to strengthen the supervision and management of the project puts forward some suggestions, in order to promote and safeguard the construction of the project management.

To explore the influence of different mechanical planting patterns on the economic efficiency of rice production, from 2010 to 2012, comparison test was conducted between bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting, mechanical direct seeding and manual transplanting in Huaiji County Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. Results showed that, the yield of bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting and mechanical direct seeding in 2010 early season rice was lower than manual transplanting, lower respectively 1.28%, 0.96% and 7.69%. And in 2011, the yield was lower respectively 0.45%, 0.67% and 8.29%, but in 2012, it increased respectively 12.52%, 11.22% and 0.00%. The daily average yield of mechanical direct seeding always was the highest from 2010 to 2012. Comparing with the manual transplanting, the cost of bowel-blanket mechanical planting, blanket-like mechanical planting and mechanical direct seeding in 2010 early season rice decreased significantly, and net profit changed respectively 2.14%, 1.43% and -10.84% . And in 2011, the cost changed respectively 2.28%, 2.28% and -5.90%, and net profit decreased respectively 3.20%, 3.68% and 10.62%. But in 2012, the cost changed respectively 2.28%, 2.28% and -5.90%, and net profit increased significantly. The results showed that, the blanket-like mechanical planting and the bowel-like mechanical planting are more suitable for rice production in Huaiji County Zhaoqing City, but the output fluctuation of mechanical direct seeding is large in different years.

Comprehensive benefit evaluation of returning farmland to forest is an important basis for the continuous progress of the project. Based on the status of returning farmland to forest in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong plain from 2000 to 2015, the analytical hierarchy process and the multiplication and integration method were applied to quantitative analysis of returning farmland to forest in terms of ecological benefits, socioeconomic benefits and policy responses. The trend of comprehensive benefits from returning farmland to forest in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong was basically the same, a steady upward one. Since 2008, the benefit value was positive. From 2000 to 2005, the value of benefits rose year by year, dropped slightly in 2006, then the benefits increased significantly. The maximum value appeared in 2012, which was 0.2669 and 0.2008 in northern Shaanxi and Guangzhong, respectively, and the achievement of returning farmland to forest has gradually emerged.

[Objective]By taking the newly increased grain production capacity field project in Shimen County of Hunan Province as an example, the farmland fertility of the pre-construction and post-construction in the construction area conducts the integrated evaluation. [Method]A total of 10 evaluation factors including topographic position, drainage capacity, irrigation capacity, obstacle factors, profile configuration, topsoil thickness, topsoil texture, organic matter, available phosphorus and slow-release K are selected to construct the farmland fertility evaluation index system and the hierarchical model. The Analytic Hierarchy Method and Delphi Method are used to confirm the membership and the comprehensive weight of the evaluation factors. Also, the Index Method is used to calculate the farmland fertility index and its variation in the construction area before and after construction, [Result]determine the farmland fertility grade and calculate the integrated productivity capacity of project area was increased by 1860 kg/ (hm2?a), [Conclusion]to provid feasible suggestion on constructing high-standard basic farmland and lifting the farmland fertility.

[Objective]Under the background of rising opportunity cost of domestic agricultural labor and increasing food price difference at home and abroad, the input of wheat production machinery in our country is increasing continuously. It is important to study the efficiency of input of agricultural machinery to optimize the effect of financial support. [Method]This paper uses data envelopment analysis to measure the input efficiency of wheat machinery in 15 main producing provinces in China from 1998 to 2016, and uses panel stochastic effect Tobit model to analyze its influencing factors. [Result]It is found that the overall efficiency of wheat machinery input in China needs to be further improved. The negative correlation between the planting area, irrigation and drainage costs, the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy and the mechanical input efficiency indicates that the structure of wheat machinery input in China needs to be optimized, and the use of machinery in irrigation links has a significant impact on the input efficiency. National policies are critical to supporting key links and areas of wheat production. [Conclusion]Therefore, it is necessary to promote wheat production machinery according to local conditions, pay attention to the subsidy of irrigation inputs of farmers and the optimization of irrigation machinery, and encourage agricultural machinery technology innovation and research and development from the policy level, which can enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural machinery industry.

The potato is one of the major crops in our country which has very big planting areas, high yield and strong adaptability, it has very high economic value and practical value in food and industry fields, therefore the potato production has great market prospects, harvesting the potatoes has become an important task. In this paper, through the introduction and contrast about main types and application status of potato harvest machinery at home and abroad, it stated emphatically the development trend of the potato harvest and the problems we were facing in our country, and pointed out that the application of mechanization and automation of potato harvest machinery would greatly improve the efficiency of potato harvesters, reduce working intensity, also it could improve potato industry in China economy.

The lower degree of mechanical harvesting sweetpotato has restrained the development of sweetpotato industry in China. The mismatches between agricultural machinery and sweetpotato agronomy are one of the main factors that affect sweetpotato mechanical harvesting. In this study, we used five sweetpotato varieties with different shape and size to analyze their effects on the mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato. The results showed that the damage rate of‘Xuzishu 5’was the lowest. So, this variety was more suitable for mechanical harvesting in fields than the other varieties. At the same time, by investigating the shape, breakage rate and potato-exposing rate, we found that there is an extremely significant linear relationship between the sweetpotato shape and the breakage rate, i.e., the higher the flat rate, the bigger breakage rate. However, there was no obvious effect on the potato-exposing rate. Therefore, we should take tuberous root with lower flat rate as well as of better agronomic characters in the process of breeding new sweetpotato varieties.

The “Ecological Bridge” Project is consisted of enhancing the utilization of waste resources and comprehensive management of rural ecological environment in Pinggu District of Beijing. The authors analyzed the characteristics of waste resources utilization and the operation model of “Ecological Bridge” Project. The “Ecological Bridge” Project focuses on waste materials of peach branches and establishes a series of ecological cycle models through composting organic fertilizer, cultivating edible fungi, and making cultivation substrate and land surface covering materials. The operation model of the “Ecological Bridge” Project provides an ecological linkage between investment and financing platform, which could coordinate the use and the investment through establishing effective measures for financial funds management. This operation model could stimulate the incentives for enterprises to invest in rural environmental governance, and ensure the full support of local farmers. Through the project, the environmental quality has been effectively improved, the reform of the investment and financing mechanism for rural ecological environment construction has been promoted, and the comprehensive management level of the rural ecological environment has been enhanced. Therefore, the “Ecological Bridge” Project is a good case of rural environmental governance in China.

Quinoa has drawn wide attention from researchers and consumers because of its comprehensive nutrition, drought resistance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance, salt tolerance and other characteristics. Gansu Province has made considerable achievements in quinoa planting and processing since 2018. In this paper, the development status and problems of mechanization in quinoa cultivation, harvest, utilization as feed and products’ processing were summarized, and a complete set of suitable cultivation techniques was put forward according to the condition of different planting areas. Suggestions on quinoa industry of Gansu Province were proposed including establishing cultivation techniques for high and stable yield, increasing field purity and quality, strengthening the straw feed utilization, improving the comprehensive quality, expanding the depth and breadth of products’ processing, and building local brands. The study aims to explore new approaches for the development of quinoa industry in Gansu Province, and to provide a basis for its further development.

To help use of straw mechanized returning to field and increasing yield and efficiency of wheat in rice-wheat rotation, effects of no-tillage, shallow tillage and total straw mechanized returning in situ on seed germination and grain yield of wheat were studied. The results showed that the treatment of no-tillage with total straw mulching had the highest grain yield, up to 6480.0 kg/hm2, followed by shallow tillage treatment without straw returning, and the treatment of shallow tillage with total straw returning had the lowest yield, 5524.5 kg/hm2. ANOVA results indicated that no-tillage, shallow tillage and total straw mechanized returning in situ had little effect on wheat yield, and there is no interaction between the two. Total straw mulching without tillage needed less cost, and production efficiency was improved. Taken together, the appropriate way to high yield and efficiency cultivation of wheat is no-tillage plus total straw covering in rice-wheat rotation.

Crop residues burnt in open field is not only a waste of agricultural resources, but also a serious damage to the ecological environment. Mechanized straw returning is an important way for comprehensive utilization of straw, with good ecological and economic benefits. In our country, Jiangsu province and other places, the government has given fixed subsidies to mechanized straw returning in recent years. Through analyzing the different ways of the subsidy policy of returning straw to farmland, comparing the foreign government"s experience of payments for ecological service (PES), Straw subsidy policy can be optimized from the following aspects:Vigorously develop agricultural machinery service market, Scientifically formulating ecological compensation standard, paying attention to cultivating third-party organization and giving full play to the role of market mechanism.

Mechanical grain harvest of maize is the development direction of China’ maize industry. The purpose of the study is to explore the combining ability of different maize inbred lines and the influence on the mechanical grain harvest quality of the hybrid combinations. Seven American inbred lines were used as female parent, five ‘Xin 01A3’ improved lines were used as male parent, incomplete diallel cross was adopted, and 35 maize hybrid combinations were used as materials. After mechanical grain harvest, the yield and grain moisture content were measured, and the impurity rate, broken rate, and the shatter loss rate were calculated. The combining ability of yield was analyzed. The results showed that the general combining ability of ‘XL2’ was the highest. Among the five male inbred lines, the general combining ability of ‘Xin A389’ was the highest, and that of ‘Xin 69’ was the second. The special combining ability of ‘XL6× Xin 69’ was the highest, and that of ‘XL7× Xin 3764’ was the second. The correlation of each character was analyzed, and the results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the broken rate and the moisture content. Among the 35 hybrid combinations, compared with the adjacent control, the yield of 32 maize hybrid combinations increased by more than 5%, and the grain moisture content of all hybrid combinations was lower than 28.0%, suggesting that these hybrid combinations were suitable for mechanical grain harvest. In the future, the utilization of high combining inbred lines ‘XL2’, ‘XL5’, ‘Xin A389’ and ‘Xin 69’ should be enhanced.

The important way to improve the comparative advantage of sugar beet is to realize the mechanization of sugar beet production and reduce the production cost under the situation of high agricultural labor cost. Through the investigation of sugar beet growers in Heilongjiang Province in 2018, the relevant data were sorted out and analyzed to master the mechanization of sugar beet production. The survey showed that sugar beet growers on average had 1.62 tractors and 1.67 farm implements per household in Heilongjiang Province. The tractors were mostly small and medium-sized, there were insufficient large-horsepower tractors and supporting farm implements, and the lack of sugar beet harvesting machinery was serious. The mechanization level of sugar beet production had reached 89.71%, lower than 96.93% of soybean and 91.89% of maize. There were three main modes of sugar beet mechanized cultivation, i.e. self-owned agricultural machine cultivation, substitution cultivation by machine owners, self-owned agricultural machine cultivation plus substitution cultivation by machine owners. The main mode was self-owned agricultural machine plus substitution cultivation by machine owners, accounting for 84.54%, and there were fewer sugar beet growers who relied solely on self-owned machine or substitution cultivation by machine owners, which accounting for 11.34% and 4.12%, respectively. To realize the steady development of sugar beet industry, it is necessary to vigorously develop the mechanization of sugar beet production, realize the substitution of manpower with machinery, and improve the comparative benefit of sugar beet.

In order to study the effect of machinery compaction on urban green land soil and provide reference for urban vegetation plantation and scientific management of soil, soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient characteristics were studied and analyzed after machinery compaction in the new Xi’an botanical garden. The results showed that soil bulk density increased after machinery compaction, and porosity decreased, soil bulk density of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm increased by 4.20%, 14.60% and 20.70% in comparing with that before machinery compaction; soil pH value increased after machinery compaction; surface soil available nitrogen content increased by 287%, available phosphorus increased by 20.30%, available potassium increased by 12.10%, the change of organic matter content was not obvious. Soil structure was destroyed after machinery compaction, which caused the increase of soil bulk density and pH value, and changed nutrient distribution. Taking into account the above problems caused by machinery compaction and the complexity of botanical garden construction, accurate soil recovery measure and long-term observation of machinery compaction were necessary.