Rice pot seedling machine transplanting effectively combines the characteristics of pot-shaped seedlings and carpet seedlings. It involves the precise transplantation of soil-bearing pot seedlings into the field using specialized machinery, offering advantages such as shortening the slow seedling recovery period and improving yield and stability. This article, based on the practice of rice pot seedling machine transplanting in Anqing, Anhui Province, introduces high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques for rice pot seedling nursery and machine transplanting, covering aspects such as variety selection, seed treatment, seedling management, and pot seedling transplantation. In production, it is advisable to select varieties with suitable maturity and strong disease resistance, such as Haoliangyou 729 and Haoliangyou 985. Seed treatment measures, including sun drying and soaking, are implemented to improve seedling emergence rates. For seedling management, a flat and well-irrigated field is selected as the nursery. Using nursery trays measuring 60 cm in length and 30 cm in width, with 448 holes per tray. The required number of trays is 35 trays per 667 m². After sowing, soil sealing treatment, scientific water management, and fertilization are carried out to cultivate standardized seedlings with a hole formation rate of ≥90%, uniform growth, and free from pests and diseases. During transplantation, the row spacing for pot seedling machine transplanting is set at 33 cm × 14 cm, with a planting density of 14 400 holes per 667 m² and a transplanting depth of 1–2 cm. After machine transplanting, water management follows the principle of “shallow water initially, mid-term drying, and moist conditions later”, shallow water before seedling recovery, field drying when tillers reach 90% of the panicle number, intermittent irrigation during jointing and booting stages, alternating dry and wet conditions during the grain-filling stage, and water supply is cut off 7-10 days before harvest. 5–7 kg /667 m² of urea during the tillering stage to promote tillering, 2–3 kg/667 m² of urea + 3–5 kg/667 m² of potassium chloride during the booting stage to protect panicles, and foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the grain-filling stage to increase grain weight. Pest, disease, and weed control prioritize prevention, with chemical control applied at specific stages, supplemented by physical and biological control. Pesticide application should avoid high temperatures and the flowering period. Harvesting is conducted timely on sunny days when 95% of the grains turn yellow and 33% of the rice stalks dry out. The grains are dried to a moisture content of 13.5%–14.5% before storage.

The efficient cultivation techniques for Scutellaria baicalensis were summarized in Tongwei, Gansu Province, based on its climatic and soil conditions, and optimization suggestions were proposed. The research area exhibits suitable temperature, adequate precipitation, and sufficient sunlight for the growth of Scutellaria baicalensis. Additionally, the significant diurnal temperature range (average daily range of 10–15°C) facilitates the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The soil is primarily weakly alkaline sandy loam with good permeability, meeting the growth requirements of the plant. Efficient cultivation techniques include selecting gently sloping land sheltered from wind with ample sunlight and deep soil layers. Autumn deep plowing and sufficient base fertilizer application (2 500–3 000 kg/667 m² of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg/667 m² of calcium superphosphate) are employed to improve soil quality. Before sowing, high-quality seeds such as ‘Longqin No.1’ are soaked and germinated, with sowing conducted in mid-April. Field management practices include “seedling hardening to promote root growth” precise drip irrigation, and demand-based topdressing. Weed control combines intertillage, straw mulching, and ecological intercropping. Disease and pest management prioritizes agricultural, ecological, and physical methods. After 2–3 years of growth, the plants are harvested on sunny autumn days, followed by washing, sun-drying, bark removal, slicing, low-temperature drying, and vacuum packaging for storage. Based on these practices, further optimization of efficient cultivation techniques can be achieved through rational planning of production bases, selecting well-drained plots, exploring optimized sowing periods, water cellar drip irrigation, forest-medicinal intercropping, and crop rotation models. Enhancing field drainage and intertillage can prevent waterlogging. This study provides valuable insights for improving the quality and efficiency of the Scutellaria baicalensis industry and promoting eco-friendly development in related regions.

Lyunuo No.3 is a medium-japonica type conventional glutinous rice variety bred from Xiangnuo 2402 as the female parent and Wuyunuo 16 as the male parent. Its high yield cultivation techniques based on its characteristics and performance were summarized in the Huangshan City, Anhui Province. From 2022 to 2024, this variety performance in the study area was stable, with a full growth period of 146–150 days and a yield ranging from 7.38 to 7.67 t/hm². The high yield cultivation techniques included seed treatment such as sunning, disinfecting, and soaking; timely and appropriate sowing along with enhanced fertilizer and water management as well as pest, disease, and weed control in the seedling field; land preparation and application of base fertilizer, involving mechanical plowing and sufficient application of organic and compound fertilizers; rational dense planting (row spacing of 23 cm×17 cm); scientific fertilization during the field growth period (timely and appropriate application of base fertilizer, green-recovering fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, flower-promoting fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer); irrigation (following the principles of shallow water for green recovery, thin water for tillering, sun-drying for tiller control, and alternating dry and wet conditions for strong grains); integrated disease and pest control (combining chemical agents and physical trapping for key pests and diseases at different growth stages); and timely harvesting (the grains had hardened which was carried out when the rice was fully mature). This study provides a reference for the further promotion and cultivation of Lyunuo No.3.

Based on the cultivation and production practice of Carya illinoinensis in the hilly areas of the Dabie Mountains, the current planting situation was analyzed and the high yield cultivation techniques were summarized, including the preparation of afforestation land, variety selection, afforestation and land preparation, post-planting management, shaping and pruning, and pest and disease control. The research area has vigorously promoted the cultivation of economic crops such as Camellia oleifera and Carya illinoinensis, and Carya illinoinensis industry has developed rapidly. However, in actual production, there are currently problems such as unstandardized cultivation techniques and rough management. This tree species is suitable for planting in hilly areas with gentle slopes, abundant sunlight and deep soil layers. The soil is preferably neutral to slightly alkaline loam or sandy loam. In terms of the preparation of afforestation land, debris in the surface and shallow soil layers of the plot should be cleared. The size of the planting holes is preferably 100 cm×100 cm×80 cm. In terms of variety selection, main varieties with strong stress resistance should be preferred. Pollination trees should be proportionally combined, and strong seedlings with intact root systems should be planted. In terms of afforestation and land preparation, planting should be carried out from mid to late February to the end of March, with a planting density of 7 to 19 plants/667 m² being appropriate. In terms of post-planting management, bagging for seedling protection, moisture retention irrigation during key growth periods, and staged fertilization are adopted. Interplant dwarf crops outside the tree canopy; regular hoeing and weeding, and deep ploughing and loosening of the soil after fruit harvest, etc. In terms of shaping and pruning, through techniques such as opening the corners of main branches and pinching to control excessive growth, a tree shape that is well-ventilated and well-lit is constructed. In terms of pest and disease control, physical and chemical methods should be rationally applied to control scarab beetles, tortricids and longhorn beetles. This article provides a reference for improving the quality and efficiency of the Carya illinoinensis industry in the hilly areas of the Dabie Mountains.

The breeding process of Aihemai No.6 was summarized. Based on its performance in the regional trials of the Wanhuai Wheat Variety Test Consortium in Anhui Province, its agronomic traits, yield, and comprehensive resistance were analyzed, and its high yield cultivation techniques were explored. The variety was developed as a new semi-winter wheat through multiple years of hybridization using the intermediate material of Yannong 19/Zhoumai 22 as the female parent and Bainong 207 as the male parent, followed by pedigree selection. It was approved by the Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024, with the approval number Wanshenmai 2024L002. In the regional trials of the Wanhuai Wheat Variety Test Consortium in Anhui Province, the full growth period of this variety was recorded as 222.3 d, and the plant height was measured as 84.3 cm. The average yield was 9 331.5 kg/hm², which represented a 6.34% increase compared to the control variety Jimai 22. The grain bulk density was 824.5 g/L, the wet gluten content was 35.35%, and the crude protein content was 14.22%. The key points of its high yield cultivation techniques included: pre-sowing preparation (seed treatment, deep plowing, land preparation, and scientific fertilization), sowing at the appropriate time (October 10-25), rational dense planting (2.25-2.70 million plants/hm²), and uniform shallow sowing (3-5 cm). Field management focused on split fertilization, timely chemical weeding (before winter and before jointing), and comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests such as sheath blight and Fusarium head blight (seed treatment, release of natural enemies, rotation of pesticide application, etc.). The wheat was harvested at the appropriate time (from mid to late wax ripening), and the grains were stored when the moisture content was below 13%. This study provides a reference for further promotion and cultivation of this variety.

Combined with the intercropping practice of Isatis tinctoria and Sesamum indicum in Fuyang, Anhui Province, the planting performance and high yield cultivation techniques were summarized and analyzed. In this intercropping model, the S. indicum at full bloom stage was able to provide shade for I. tinctoria, reducing heat scorch damage. After harvest, significant marginal row advantages were observed in I. tinctoria, and the number of capsules per S. indicum plant was increased, leading to improved yield. The high yield cultivation techniques included the selection of stress-resistant, high yield, and high quality varieties (such as Fuzhi 125 S. indicum and Fulan No.1 I. tinctoria); fields with good drainage were chosen and sufficient base fertilizer was applied; I. tinctoria was sown from late March to early April, while S. indicum was sown in early May. Timely seedling fixation was carried out, and nitrogen fertilizer was top-dressed during the mid to late growth stages of I. tinctoria. During the growth period, drainage and waterlogging prevention were emphasized. For pest and disease control, agricultural measures were prioritized, supplemented by chemical control. Agents such as carbendazim and fludioxonil were used to control diseases like leaf blotch in I. tinctoria and fusarium wilt in S. indicum. S. indicum was harvested in mid to late August and dried on racks, while the roots of I. tinctoria were harvested in autumn or early winter. This study provides a reference for the promotion and application of the intercropping cultivation model of I. tinctoria and S. indicum.

The breeding process and characteristics of wheat variety Qinglin 139 were summarized, and its high yield cultivation techniques in the regions along the Huai River and in Huaibei region were analyzed. This variety was developed through systematic breeding, with Jike 32 as the female parent and Zhoumai 26 as the male parent. In the 2019-2021 regional trials of the semi-winter wheat group in Anhui Province, the total growth period was recorded as 224.0-225.2 d, and its agronomic traits were excellent. The yield ranged from 8 004.0 to 8 292.0 kg/hm⊃2;, representing an increase of 0.66%-5.97% compared to Jimai 22. It exhibited moderate resistance to fusarium head blight, good stem elasticity, and strong lodging resistance. The average grain bulk density was 826 g/L, with a protein content (dry basis) of 13.49%, a wet gluten content of 30.0%, and it was classified as medium-gluten wheat. High yield cultivation techniques included fine land preparation, deep plowing to 25-30 cm followed by leveling and compaction, and straw crushing to less than 5 cm. Base fertilization was primarily based on organic fertilizer, supplemented with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc fertilizers. Additional nitrogen fertilizer was applied during the jointing stage based on seedling conditions. The suitable sowing period in the regions along the Huai River and in Huaibei region was from October 15 to 25, with an appropriate seeding rate of 157.5-187.5 kg/hm⊃2;. Key disease prevention measures targeted sharp eyespot disease, using agents such as tebuconazole for seed dressing or spraying, combined with the application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance resistance. For mechanical harvesting, the stubble height was kept below 15 cm, and timely sun-drying after harvest was recommended to reduce grain moisture content to below 13%. This study provides a reference for the further promotion and cultivation of this variety.

Wanyou 66 was a mid-late maturing three-line hybrid rice variety using the indica-type three-line sterile line Wan 8A as the female parent and the high quality, blast-resistant restorer line Wanhui 66 as the male parent. The characteristics and high yield cultivation techniques of this variety were introduced in the Wuyishan region of Fujian Province. From 2022 to 2024, multi-location demonstration and trial experiments of this variety were conducted in Wuyishan City. It was characterized by a suitable growth period, strong tillering ability, and uniform panicle structure in field cultivation. The yield ranged from 8 349.4 to 9 596.0 kg/hm⊃2;. The variety exhibited resistance to rice blast and good lodging resistance, as well as a high head rice rate, good grain appearance, and desirable palatability. Its high yield cultivation techniques included selecting an appropriate sowing date (late April to early May) and adjusting the seeding rate according to different transplanting methods; cultivating strong seedlings through treatments such as chemical seed soaking, paclobutrazol application, and “farewell fertilizer and farewell pesticide” before transplanting; achieving reasonable planting density to establish an efficient population; implementing a fertilization strategy of “heavy base fertilizer, early topdressing, and supplemental panicle and grain fertilizer” combined with a water management model of “shallow water, sun-drying, and alternating wet and dry conditions” to promote tillering, panicle formation, and lodging resistance; applying pesticides such as 16% emamectin benzoate·indoxacarb at 150 g/hm⊃2; to control pests like the rice stem borer; and harvesting under sunny conditions when 90% of the panicles were mature. This study provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety in relevant regions.

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of combining new bio-breeding insect-resistant varieties with dense-planting precision-controlled high-yield technology on maize yield and economic benefits, and to propose the optimal cultivation mode suitable for new bio-breeding insect-resistant varieties, so as to provide the theoretical basis for optimizing the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation system of spring maize in the Xiliaohe Plain.【Method】Through a field trial in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia from 2023 to 2024, the experiment was conducted in a split-zone design, with cultivation mode as the main zone, setting up two modes of local traditional farmer mode (FP) and dense planting precision regulation mode (DPDI); varieties as the sub-zone, four maize varieties were used, namely, Dongdan 1331 (DD1331), Dongdan 1331K (DD1331K), Youdi 919 (YD919), Youdi 919HZ (YD919HZ). Then, the impact of varietal insect resistance traits on maize yield and economic benefits under different technical models were analyzed.【Result】During a two-year trial, the insect pests in the fields of insect-resistant varieties occurred lightly, with the insect plant rate of 6.80%-9.87%; the fields of conventional varieties occurred moderately or heavily, with the insect plant rate of 22.27%-36.31%. In 2023 (insect plant rate>30%), compared with conventional varieties (DD1331, YD919), the new insect-resistant varieties (DD1331K, YD919HZ) significantly increased thousand kernel weight, thus improving maize yield (0.84%-9.31%) and economic benefits (0.3%-13.3%), whereas in 2024, when the insect plant rate was about 23%, there was no significant difference in the number of thousand kernels and the number of grains between insect-resistant varieties, and there were no significant differences in ear grain number, thousand kernel weight and yield between conventional varieties. With increasing planting density, maize yield reached its maximum at 9.0×10⁴ or 10.5×10⁴ plants/hm², which was significantly higher than that at 6.0×10⁴ plants/hm² density, by 13.54%-19.94% and 7.48%-21.01%, respectively. The two-year average yields of the dense planting precision regulated model were significantly higher than those of the traditional farmers' model, with yield increases ranging from 13.50% to 19.19% in 2023 and from 7.03% to 14.42% in 2024. Compared with the traditional farmers' model, the economic benefits of the dense planting precision regulation model were generally improved by 0.19×10⁴-1.02×10⁴ yuan/hm².【Conclusion】Insect-resistant varieties (DD1331K, YD919HZ) significantly improved yield (up to 9.31%) and economic efficiency (up to 40.3%) in years of severe insect infestation (>30% of insect plants), but did not differ significantly from conventional varieties under low insect pressure. Through optimized density (9.0×10⁴-10.5×10⁴ plants/hm²) and precise management of water and fertilizer, DPDI increased yields by an average of 22.18% in two years and improved economic benefits by 0.57×10⁴ yuan/hm² compared with the conventional mode (FP); the core principle of DPDI was that insect resistant varieties could reduce the threat of pests, decrease yield losses, reduce the use of insecticides, and lower production input costs. By increasing the production capacity of maize populations through reasonable planting density and combining drip irrigation with water and fertilizer integration for precise regulation, the yield and income of maize could be increased. The synergistic application of insect-resistant varieties and DPDI model could achieve technological superposition and further improve the ability of high and stable yield.

To improve the teaching quality of the course of Fruit Tree Breeding and cultivate professional talents meeting the needs of the concept of diversified food supply, the teaching reform of this course guided by the concept of diversified food supply was explored. The current teaching situation of Fruit Tree Breeding was analyzed, The teaching reform measures integrating the concept of diversified food supply were put forward. Research has found that current teaching practices suffer from issues such as low student engagement, insufficient professional skills among teachers, an imperfect evaluation system, and limited practical resources. To address these issues, firstly, to update teaching objectives, focusing on cultivating students' comprehensive quality and innovative ability; secondly, to optimize teaching content and reconstruct a breeding knowledge system with nutritional quality as the core; in addition, adopting diversified teaching methods such as case analysis and project practice to improve students' practical ability. Meanwhile, strengthening the cooperation between practical teaching and enterprises to provide more practical opportunities for students, and improve the teaching evaluation system. The research showed that integrating the concept of diversified food supply into the teaching reform of the Fruit Tree Breeding course enables fruit tree breeding to play a key role in fields such as nutritional health and sustainable development, and cultivates more excellent fruit tree breeding talents with forward-looking vision, innovative ability. This paper provides a reference for the exploration of teaching reform in professional courses of pomology in the field of agricultural science.

The breeding process, cultivation characteristics, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Fengda 928 were summarized. This variety was developed by crossing the inbred line LP6WC (female parent) with FGK01 (male parent), resulting in an early-maturing maize hybrid suitable for machine harvesting. In multi-year, multi-location regional and demonstration trials, it exhibited excellent stability and broad adaptability, with a growth period of 128 days, plant height of 273.4 cm, and 1 000-grain weight of 345.5 g. The average yield in regional trials ranged from 12 180 to 13 236 kg/hm². It demonstrated strong lodging resistance, moderate resistance to stalk rot and head smut, and grain compositions of 4.05% crude fat and 73.35% crude starch. Key high yield cultivation techniques included: early sowing with sufficient soil moisture at a depth of 4-5 cm; moderate planting density of 75 000-85 000 plants/hm² in Northeast and North China; fertilization based on organic manure combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, supplemented with boron to enhance yield; integrated pest, disease, and weed management, including pre-emergence herbicide application, insect control at seedling stage, stem borer prevention at the bell stage, and leaf disease control during pollination; and delayed mechanical harvest after the milk line disappearance to maximize yield and quality. This article provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety.

This study investigates the growth of three new lily varieties in Yulin, Shaanxi, aiming to screen the lily varieties suitable for local cultivation. Lilium ‘Siberia’, ‘Frontera’ and ‘Trensor’ were cultivated from bulbs, and the phenological period, appearance, flowering traits, and bulb traits were observed and measured for comprehensive comparison. The results showed that the three introduced lily varieties presented normal growth and development in Yulin, with robust plants and good stress resistance, thus being suitable to be cultivated in Yulin. However, the three varieties exhibited differences in their traits. ‘Trensor’ outperformed ‘Siberia’ and ‘Frontera’ because of the tall plant, fast growth, long flowering stage, large stem diameter, large petals, large flower diameter, and large bulb and could be widely promoted for planting. ‘Frontera’ ranked second in terms of the plant height, stem diameter, petal length and width, and bulb weight. ‘Siberia’ had the lowest plant height, stem diameter, petal length and width, and bulb weight. Overall, the three introduced lily varieties demonstrated excellent comprehensive quality, with robust stems, dark green leaves, intact leaves and flowers, pure flower colors, and strong floral fragrance. They can be selected for expanded planting to enrich the cut flower lily market in Yulin and surrounding areas.

To explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the growth, development and yield of peanuts, and to clarify the optimal cultivation mode of peanuts, peanut ‘Wanhua No. 3’ was used as the experimental material. 6 cultivation modes, namely ridging with film covering (T1), ridging with film covering and removing film (T2), ridging without film covering (T3), parallel cropping with film covering (T4), parallel cropping with film covering and removing film (T5), and parallel cropping without film covering (T6) were set up. The agronomic traits such as the emergence rate, growth period, main stem traits height, and yield traits of peanuts such as the number of insects and fruits per plant under each mode were measured. The results showed that the emergence rates of peanuts in the six cultivation modes were all above 85%. Peanuts treated with T1 had the earliest emergence, flowering and harvest, the shortest growth period and a higher emergence rate. The peanuts treated with T5 had higher main stem height and lateral branch length, and more compound leaves and nodes on the main stem. The T1 treatment resulted in a higher number of full fruits and fruits per plant, as well as a higher full fruit rate, kernel yield, weight per 100 kernels, and weight per 100 fruits. The peanut yields of T4 and T5 treatments were higher, which were 6 266.22 and 6 052.02 kg/hm² respectively. In conclusion, the cultivation method of ridging with film covering can ensure the emergence rate of peanuts, shorten the growth period, increase the number of full fruits and fruits per plant, and improve the full fruit rate, the weight per 100 fruits and the weight per 100 grains. The adoption of parallel cropping with film covering and removing film mode is conducive to increasing the height of the main stem, the length of lateral branches, the number of compound leaves on the main stem and the number of nodes on the main stem.

The positive significance of promoting and applying microbial fertilizers was summarized. Furthermore, their specific application in crops such as rice, wheat, sweet potato, rape, soybean, and peanut was reviewed. The beneficial microorganisms in microbial fertilizers could decompose organic matter and activate nutrients, thereby improving soil fertility and plant disease resistance. Growth hormones secreted by these microorganisms were shown to promote crop growth and increase yield and quality. Additionally, these microorganisms were capable of degrading pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and heavy metal pollutants while suppressing soil-borne pathogens, thus contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. The application effects of microbial fertilizers were demonstrated in various crops. In rice cultivation, when combined with chemical fertilizers, the number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight were significantly increased, while the germination rate and yield under low temperature conditions were improved. In wheat cultivation, photosynthetic efficiency was enhanced after application, and the incidence of powdery mildew and rust was effectively reduced. In sweet potato cultivation, the contents of starch, protein, and sugar were significantly increased by the application of microbial fertilizers. The germination of rapeseed seeds and the growth of seedlings were promoted when an appropriate amount was applied. In soybean and peanut cultivation, plant height, branch number, pod yield, and quality were significantly improved after the application of microbial fertilizers. This paper provided a reference for the scientific application and promotion of microbial fertilizers to support green and sustainable agricultural development.

Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors, and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.  MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, but the functional differences of homologous MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin content are still unclear.  In strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 are highly homologous MYB transcription factors localized in the nucleus and can be significantly induced by weak light.  However, they differ in their effects on anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits.  FaMYB44.1 inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by transcriptionally suppressing FaF3H, which is essential for anthocyanin regulation, in the ‘BeniHoppe’ and ‘JianDe-Hong’ strawberry varieties.  In contrast, FaMYB44.3 does not affect anthocyanin levels.  This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 in anthocyanin regulation in strawberry fruits.  By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation, this study enhances our understanding of how the interactions between genetic and environmental factors control fruit pigmentation and enhance the nutritional value of the fruit.

To clarify the age-related changes in the morphological characteristics and reproductive parameters of Rattus norvegicus populations in agricultural areas and provide a scientific basis for population quantity prediction and control, the data of R. norvegicus specimens captured during the rodent monitoring in Sandu County, Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2024 were collected and statistically analyzed. The results show that the external morphological characteristics of R. norvegicus in the agricultural areas of Sandu County vary significantly among different age groups. As the age increases, all the indicators keep rising. However, when the age grows to the adult II group, the growth of tail length, hind foot length and ear height slows down or stops. There are significant differences in reproductive parameters such as the pregnancy rate and the litter size of female mice of different age groups, the rate of testicular descent in male mice, and the reproductive index. Individuals in the juvenile group have no reproductive capacity. Those in the sub-adult group participate in reproduction to a limited extent. The main reproductive individuals are from the adult group I, adult group II and the elderly group. The overall pregnancy rate of the three age groups was 49.62%, the average number of litter size was 8.26, the overall testicular descent rate was 90.45%, and the overall reproductive index was 1.7439. There are certain differences in condition factor among different age groups.

To establish an efficient and sustainable RNAi breeding control system, this paper summarizes the application potential of RNAi technology in crop disease and pest resistance, reviews the current research and development status of transgenic RNAi crops, and analyzes the design strategies and synergistic resistance mechanisms of multi-target tandem RNAi. The key points of elaboration include the "dsRNA/microRNA stable expression system", the "combined control model of complex pests and diseases (wheat scab - aphids, cotton wilt - cotton aphids)", and the "precise gene intervention approach for delaying resistance evolution", etc. It is pointed out that low delivery efficiency, poor environmental stability of dsRNA and high production cost remain the bottlenecks for large-scale application. This paper proposes that through the precise release technology of nano-carrier-plant symbiotic delivery, tandem expression of multi-gene silencers, and combined with ecological balance monitoring, the coordinated management of multiple pests and diseases can be achieved within 5 to 10 years. It is believed that this system will promote the transformation of agriculture towards a sustainable model of "precise genetic intervention + ecological balance maintenance", providing key support for global food security.

Soil salinization poses a severe threat to global food security and ecological environments. Cultivating salt-tolerant crop varieties and enhancing crop salt tolerance can effectively address salinization stress and utilize saline-alkali lands. We elucidate the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance and focus on the cutting-edge technologies in crop salt tolerance breeding, systematically elaborating on the principles and application achievements of technologies such as multi-omics integrated analysis, gene editing, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and epigenetic modifications in crop salt tolerance breeding. These advanced technologies provide guidance for crop salt tolerance breeding. Through technological integration and innovation, it may be hold the potential to rapidly and precisely develop new salt-tolerant crop varieties, thereby promoting efficient and sustainable agricultural development in saline-alkali lands.

This study reviews the application of molecular breeding technologies for genetically improving Brassica crops. It focuses on three hybrid seed production systems: Genic Male Sterility (GMS), Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS), and Self-Incompatibility (SI). The work details how CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing enables targeted development of GMS systems—such as creating double mutants of genes like DAD1, BnaMS1, BnaMS2, and OPR3 or thermosensitive two-line systems. For CMS systems, fertility restoration is achieved by knocking out genes like orf138. Novel SI parental lines are created by editing genes such as BnS6-Smi2, BoSP11, and Exo84c. Molecular markers based on sterility genes (orf224/atp6, orf222, orf138) allow precise identification of three cytoplasmic types (Pol, Nap, Ogu, etc.) in Brassica napus. These technologies significantly enhance heterosis utilization efficiency by enabling precise creation of sterile lines and efficient selection of elite germplasm. This facilitates breeding of new cultivars with high yield, superior quality, and stress resistance. Future research directions include: (1) In-depth exploration of the functions of mitochondrial genes associated with CMS; (2) Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategies for coordinated multi-gene editing; (3) Integration of multi-omics data with artificial intelligence algorithms for hybrid combination prediction; (4) Development of novel techniques for creating transgene-free self-compatible lines. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for overcoming bottlenecks in traditional breeding and advancing precision breeding in Brassica crops.

The study aims to explore differentially expressed genes related to reproductive traits in Xinjiang goats and screen out key genes associated with goat reproduction. In this study, transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to compare the transcriptomes of hypothalamic tissues between Xinjiang goats with different fecundity during the follicular phase and luteal phase, aiming to screen key reproduction-related genes in the hypothalamus of Xinjiang goats with high and low fecundity during these two phases. In the differential expression analysis of the hypothalamus during the follicular phase, a total of 680 differentially expressed genes were identified in the XJLSX vs XJLDX group (high-fecundity ewes vs low-fecundity ewes in the follicular phase), among which 210 were up-regulated and 470 were down-regulated. GO and KEGG functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes revealed 9 GO Terms containing 16 differentially expressed genes and 8 KEGG pathways containing 23 differentially expressed genes that were related to goat reproductive traits. Combined with protein-protein interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes and relevant literature, 6 differentially expressed genes, namely NPR1, KITLG, GABRAI, CRHR2, ADCYAP1, IGF2BP3, were screened out as potential key genes affecting the reproductive traits of Xinjiang goats. In the differential expression analysis of the hypothalamus during the luteal phase, a total of 656 differentially expressed genes were found in the XJHSX vs XJHDX group (high-fecundity ewes vs low-fecundity ewes in the luteal phase), with 178 up-regulated and 478 down-regulated. GO and KEGG functional analyses showed that 7 GO Terms, involving 9 differentially expressed genes, were associated with oocyte growth and differentiation, follicular development, and reproductive hormones; 6 KEGG signaling pathways, containing 10 differentially expressed genes, were related to goat reproductive traits. Through integration with protein-protein interaction network analysis and literature review, 5 differentially expressed genes (WT1, IGF1, ESR1, NR5A1, MET) were identified as potential key genes influencing the reproductive traits of Xinjiang goats. This study screened out key genes related to goat reproduction, which provided a theoretical basis and molecular markers for breeding new high-fecundity and multi-fetal strains of Xinjiang goats.

The planting performance of Zhuliangyou 5298 was combined in Anqing City, Anhui Province area, and its high yield cultivation techniques were summarized. From 2022 to 2024, this variety was planted in 12 demonstration sites, including Wangjiang County in Anqing City, with an upright and upward curved plant shape; the growth period was 130-136 days, with an average seed setting rate of 85.77%, a thousand grain weight of 24.1 g, and a yield of 8 280-9 000 kg/hm²; good polished rice yield and excellent rice quality; strong anti lodging ability. Its high yield cultivation techniques include early sowing (sowing and seedling cultivation from late April to mid May), timely transplanting, cultivating strong seedlings, keeping the soil of the seedling field moist, applying “weaning fertilizer” (urea 60-75 kg/hm²) according to the growth of the seedlings, and timely prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests such as rice thrips and bakanae disease; select high speed rice transplanter operation based on seedling quality, planting time, etc., inspect and debug the transplanting machinery according to the settings, determine the planting distance, seedling amount, and depth; timely weed control (spraying pesticides such as butachlor for soil sealing, spraying pesticides such as butazone for stem and leaf control during the seedling stage, and spraying pesticides such as 30% propiconazole for sealing throughout the field after the seedlings); heavy application of base fertilizer (45% compound fertilizer 450-600 kg/hm²), early application of tillering fertilizer (high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm²), and supplementary application of ear fertilizer (potassium chloride 112.5-150.0 kg/hm²); shallow water seedling planting, deep water live planting, alternating dry and wet conditions to promote tillering; appropriate pesticides should be used during the growth period of the field to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and sheath blight. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety in similar regions.

To identify the key factors affecting rapeseed production and screen suitable cultivation measures in Ali Prefecture, Xizang, single-factor experiments on sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate were carried out using ‘Qingyou 17’ as the material. The sowing date experiment (S) set three treatments: May 13 (S₁), May 18 (S₂), and May 23 (S₃), with a seeding rate of 22.50 kg/hm². The seeding rate experiment (D) was sown on May 13, with six seeding rates: 4.50 kg/hm² (D₁), 9.00 kg/hm² (D₂), 13.50 kg/hm² (D₃), 18.00 kg/hm² (D₄), 22.50 kg/hm² (D₅), and 27.00 kg/hm² (D₆). The nitrogen application rate experiment (N) was sown on May 13 with a sowing rate of 22.50 kg/hm² and included four treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (N₁), 150.00 kg/hm² (conventional fertilization, N₂), 195.00 kg/hm² (N₃), and 240.00 kg/hm² (N₄), applied in a base fertilizer: bolt fertilizer ratio of 6:4. The main traits such as growth period, yield, and quality of rapeseed were systematically investigated. The results showed that the sowing date had the most significant impact on the growth process of rapeseed. Delayed sowing shortened the total growth period, reducing rapeseed yield by 16.27% and 28.57%, and decreasing erucic acid content. Increasing the seeding rate mainly affected yield by changing the number of effective siliques per plant. The yield peaked at the optimal seeding rate of 13.50 kg/hm², and there was an extremely significant correlation between seeding rate and glucosinolate content (r=0.0533). Nitrogen application rate was extremely significantly positively correlated with yield (r=0.2021). When the optimal nitrogen application rate was 195.00 kg/hm², the yield increased by 81.10% compared with N₁, while excessive fertilization inhibited growth. Overall, the high-yield cultivation parameters for rapeseed in Ali Prefecture, Xizang were determined as sowing on May 13, a sowing rate of 13.50 kg/hm², and a nitrogen application rate of 195.00 kg/hm². Principal component analysis indicated that growth period, number of effective pods per plant, and yield could serve as primary reference indicators for screening key rapeseed production techniques (sowing date, sowing rate, and nitrogen application rate). The study also found that oleic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation (0.1599), making it susceptible to cultivation practices, while oil content was genetically stable (coefficient of variation 0.0319). Among the sowing date treatments, sowing on May 18 (S₂) resulted in the best overall quality, with oil content increasing by 4.10%-4.60% and the lowest glucosinolate content. The double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) performance was optimal at a nitrogen application rate of 150.00 kg/hm² (N₂).

In order to summarize the research practice of tea tree breeding in Guizhou since the 11^th Five-Year Plan, based on relevant literature on tea economy, technological achievements, talent cultivation, discipline construction, and variety resource research, this paper systematically summarizes the main research and development activities and landmark achievements of tea tree breeding in Guizhou from the perspectives of industrial technology economy and technological history. The results showed that Guizhou had conducted a series of studies on the diversity, functional genes and genomics, physiological characteristics, reproductive technology, variety adaptability, and wild tea tree protection of tea tree resources. 15 tea tree varieties have obtained the right of new plant variety protection, 2 varieties have passed provincial approval, and 4 varieties have been registered as national non major crop varieties. One invention patent was obtained, and one provincial standard was formulated and issued. It won 2 provincial second prizes and 2 provincial and ministerial third prizes. The paper provides excellent seed source guarantee for the high-quality development of the tea industry in the province, and lays the foundation for further research on tea tree breeding in the future.

In response to the pressing challenges of land resource scarcity, climate change, and environmental pollution, this study designs an AIoT-based smart soilless cultivation system that integrates soilless cultivation with modern information technology. The system aims to overcome the limitations of traditional agriculture and promote the development of agricultural automation, intelligence, and precision management. This system incorporates Internet of Things (IoT) sensing, computer vision, big data analytics, and machine learning technologies. It employs multi-source heterogeneous data fusion to analyze crop growth conditions, utilizes artificial intelligence algorithms for intelligent greenhouse environment regulation, and enables remote visual monitoring through web and mobile interfaces. The entire system is highly integrated in terms of hardware and software on the Jetson nano platform, offering excellent parallel computing capabilities and scalability. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the manually managed control group, vegetables under the intelligent regulation exhibited a 15.4% shorter growth cycle, a 17.0% increase in plant height, a 26.7% increase in leaf count, and a 27.4% improvement in plant weight. Additionally, the remote control interface proved to be convenient and efficient, validating the system's outstanding performance in promoting the modernization of soilless agricultural cultivation. This system provides robust technical support for the development of precision agriculture and has the potential to drive modern agriculture towards sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly development.

The key points of high yield cultivation techniques were summarized for Wandou 37 based on its planting practice in Taihe County, Anhui Province, and the planting benefits were analyzed. The key points of high yield cultivation techniques include reasonable crop rotation, selecting land with flat terrain and good drainage and irrigation conditions; promoting the technology of “returning straw to the field+deep plowing every other year” and building a drainage system with three ditches (main ditch, waist ditch, and border ditch) supporting facilities; selecting seeds with plump and pure seeds, and mixing them with 35% Duokefu seed coating agent, borax, rhizobia, etc. from June 10th to 20th, choose an integrated machine for fertilization, sowing, and compaction for sowing, with a sowing depth of 2-5 cm; apply base fertilizer deeply on the same side as sowing, apply topdressing during the initial flowering and grain filling stages, and adopt drip irrigation to timely supplement soil moisture; sealed before seedlings, control weeds on stems and leaves after seedlings, and use appropriate pesticides to control diseases and pests such as aphids and pod moths at appropriate times; when 90% of the plant leaves fall off, the pods turn yellow brown, and there was a sound when shaking the plant, a longitudinal flow combine harvester was used for harvesting. Wandou 37 was planted in the research area with high yield cultivation techniques, achieving high economic benefits (output value of 19 575 yuan/hm², net profit of 15 735 yuan/hm²), ecological benefits (increased soil organic matter content, improved soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem), and social benefits (demonstration and promotion of high yield cultivation techniques). This article provides a reference for high yield cultivation of soybeans in the Huang Huai Hai region.

To investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on the growth and quality of different varieties of water spinach, ‘Daye baigu’, ‘Zhongye qingguliuye’ and ‘Bobai kongxincai’ were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of soil cultivation, perlite substrate cultivation, hydroponics, and floating cultivation of seedling trays methods in facilities. The results showed that all three varieties of water spinach had the fastest plant height growth rate under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, which could shorten the time from sowing to first harvest by 21-24 days compared to soil cultivation. In the early stage, the harvesting interval under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions was the shortest, while in the later stage, the harvesting interval of perlite substrate cultivation had an advantage. The main stem thickness showed no significant difference between soil and perlite cultivation conditions in all three varieties, but was both significantly higher than those under hydroponic and floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions. The leaf length, petiole length, and number of leaves were the highest in soil cultivation, followed by perlite cultivation. Under soil cultivation conditions, the content of vitamin C and cellulose were higher, while the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were lower. Under perlite cultivation conditions, the content of soluble protein and dry matter were higher, while the content of vitamin C was lower. Under hydroponic conditions, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were higher. The comprehensive quality was shown as perlite substrate cultivation > hydroponic > soil cultivation > floating cultivation of seedling trays. Water spinach grew fastest under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, and had the best quality under perlite substrate cultivation conditions.

To investigate the cultivation adaptability and growth of 3 Lonicera caerulea such as ‘Beilei’ in Suzhou District of Jiuquan City, Gansu province, 3 Lonicera caerulea varieties, ‘Beilei’, ‘Lanjingling’ and ‘Wulan’ were introduced from Lonicera caerulea germplasm resource nursery of Northeast Agricultural University, and their phenological period, survival rate, overwinter retention rate and growth characteristics were measured. The results showed that the 3 Lonicera caerulea could complete the whole growth cycle under natural conditions in the study area, germination began in early April, fruit ripening in mid to late May, falling leaves and dormant in September, and ‘Beilei’ and‘Wulan’ sprouted and blossomed earlier than‘Lanjingling’. The survival rate and overwinter retention rate of‘Beilei’and ‘Lanjingling’ were higher (95.0% and 93.3%, 90.0% and 86.7%, respectively). The average tree height and average ground diameter of the 3 varieties were significantly different, among which ‘Beilei’ had stronger growth potential. The rapid growth period of ‘Beilei’ continued from bud to early June, and the net growth from May 3 to May 19 and from May 19 to June 6 was 10.96 cm and 19.86 cm, respectively. The leaf length, leaf shape index and the number of leaves on single branch showed better performance. To sum up, ‘Beilei’ and ‘Lanjingling’ have strong adaptability in introduction and cultivation, and can be popularized in the study area and ecologically similar areas.

To meet the demand for high quality talents in the development and technological progress of the edible mushroom industry, the teaching reform measures of Edible Mushroom Cultivation Technology course were researched and put it into practice. In terms of reform measures, updating teaching content, constructing a targeted differentiated curriculum system, systematically integrating professional knowledge in fields such as microbiology, environmental science, and agricultural engineering, and introducing interdisciplinary knowledge; innovating teaching methods, such as project-based learning, flipped classroom, case-based teaching, and competition based teaching, were used to stimulate students’ initiative in learning; building a diversified practical teaching platform, enhancing students’ professional skills through the construction of on campus and off campus practical teaching bases, and the application of virtual simulation training rooms; strengthening the construction of the teacher team and implement the reform plan for the construction of the “dual teacher” team in vocational education; establishing diversified evaluation criteria and dynamically assess the completion quality of each key skill point. Practice shows tha this teaching reform has been implemented since the 2022 Edible Mushroom Production and Processing Technology major and has achieved significant results. Students have won multiple first prizes and other achievements in the edible mushroom cultivation technology competition of the provincial vocational college skills competition; this course has been promoted to a school level premium online course. This article provides references for promoting teaching reform of similar courses and promoting high quality development of the edible mushroom industry.

Fangyou 777 is a semi winter type, chemical hybridization-induced Brassica napus hybrid cultivar developed by crossing the female parent Z11 with the male parent Y4. Its growth performance and cultivation techniques were evaluated based on field trials in Chaohu, Anhui Province. The cultivar demonstrated excellent agronomic traits with a growth period of 225 days, 1 000-seed weight of 4.72 g, and oil content of 46.22%. It showed strong lodging resistance and high yield potential, achieving 3 372.0 kg/hm² in core demonstration areas.Key cultivation techniques include: selecting well-drained, sunny fields with soil pH 6.5-7.5 and deep plowing (15-20 cm); using high quality seeds treated with soaking and coating; broadcasting (manual or mechanical) at 4.5-6.0 kg/hm² from late September to October 10; applying balanced fertilization based on soil testing and optimized irrigation (ensuring water supply during flowering while reducing irrigation during pod maturation); implementing thinning at seedling, 1-leaf, and 3-leaf stages, weed control with herbicides like metolachlor, and frost protection using paclobutrazol; integrated pest management against diseases (sclerotinia, downy mildew) and pests (flea beetles, cabbage worms); harvesting either by direct combining or two-stage method, followed by sun-drying to reduce seed moisture below 10% for storage. This paper provides references for promoting Fangyou 777 cultivation in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

To explore the cultivation techniques of early maturing and high yielding garlic in greenhouses in Southern Shandong, based on the cultivation practices of greenhouse garlic in Lanling County, Shandong Province, the early maturing and high yield cultivation techniques were summarized from aspects such as cultivation conditions, variety selection, and seed treatment. The cultivation conditions involve selecting flat terrain with fertile soil, constructing greenhouse structures using economical and safe materials such as galvanized round pipes, employing 7-8 mil PO film or grouting membrane for the greenhouse cover, and installing water-fertilizer integrated sprinkler hoses inside the greenhouse. Early maturing, high yielding, stress resistant, and commercially superior varieties were chosen; moldy garlic cloves were removed, and seed coating with agents such as fludioxonil was applied. Organic fertilizer was uniformly spread before sowing, and ridge cultivation or flat bed furrow sowing was adopted, with a planting density of 600 000-750 000 plants/hm². After sowing, the soil was thoroughly watered, and herbicides such as 24% oxyfluorfen were sprayed. After germination, the soil was covered with mulch film. Maintain suitable temperature inside the greenhouse by opening vents, when temperatures were high and sealing the greenhouse film tightly when temperatures were low. Watering was applied appropriately, with irrigation ceasing 5-7 days before garlic flower stalk harvesting. After harvesting, a foliar fertilizer was sprayed along with irrigation. Prevention was prioritized, and integrated pest and disease control measures were adopted. Seed coating was used to control pests such as thrips, and fungicides such as 20% prochloraz were sprayed to prevent leaf blight and other diseases. Garlic sprouts were harvested around March 10, followed by garlic bulbs 15-20 days later. This article provides a reference for early maturing and high-yielding cultivation of garlic in greenhouses in Southern Shandong and other regions.

The rapid propagation and container cultivation technology of Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’ were summarized, and the regional trial results of it at 3 test sites in Jurong, Liyang and Wujiang, Jiangsu Province were analyzed. At all 3 test sites, Acer palmatum ‘Deshojoi’ was used as the control variety. The rapid propagation techniques include the construction of the spike nursery, the cultivation of rootstock seedlings, the cultivation of grafted seedlings and the management after grafting. A nursery with deep soil and good drainage should be selected as the spike nursery for Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’. Healthy and disease-free excellent clones of 2 to 3 years old should be selected as the mother plants of the spike nursery. The survival rate of grafting by bud entraption in autumn is relatively high. Manage the grafted area scientifically. Container cultivation techniques include container selection, substrate selection, water and fertilizer management, and shaping and pruning. The container should be such that the root system of the seedlings naturally spreads in it. The substrate should be a mixture of peat and vermiculite. Apply a 1∶200 concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer solution or special fertilizer for seedling cultivation. Shaping and pruning should be carried out in a timely manner. The phenological period of this plant in the 3 experimental sites of Jurong, Liyang and Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, was earlier than that of the Acer palmatum ‘Deshojoi’. It had stable leaf color, good growth. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of Acer palmatum ‘Hongfei’ in garden green spaces in East China.

Brassica rapa var. chinensis and Brassica rapa var. glabra were employed as experimental materials, with the sampling methods such as aggregation index, m^*-m regression analysis and Taylor’s power law, and the spatial distribution pattern and characteristic of clubroot disease under greenhouse cultivation were analyzed, and the sampling techniques were studied to further improve the investigation and prediction ability of the disease. The result showed that the disease developed severe when the test area was closer to the center of the greenhouse, and relatively light when it was near the edge in the two crops. Test of aggregation index showed that the main trends of clubroot disease were fitted to uniform distribution under the condition of heavy occurrence, but aggregation distribution would also occur in the lower occurrence area. Regression analysis of m^*-m and Taylor’s power law indicated that the individual colony was the basal component of the spatial distribution of clubroot disease and they attracted each other slightly. The distribution pattern of individual colony tended to be uniform distribution, and this trend was increased with the increasing disease grade of individual plant in the two crops. On the basis of the above analysis, the optimal theoretical sampling model and sequential sampling model of clubroot disease in the two crops were presented. This study results were helpful to improve efficiency in the investigation and sampling of clubroot disease, and it provided evidence for early-forecast and prevention decision.

The effects of machanical transplanting on rice growth and high yield cultivation techniques for machanical transplanting rice were summarized and analyzed. In terms of the impact on rice growth, adopting bowl tray mechanized seedling cultivation and transplantation can effectively improve the quality of rice seedlings and increase their transplanting survival rate; control the basic number of seedlings and determine the appropriate number of effective panicles for rice; coordinate factors such as grain number, seed setting rate, and thousand grain weight to improve yield. Its high yield cultivation techniques include selecting high yielding, disease resistant, and high quality varieties according to local conditions; determining the sowing time based on the planting area, variety type, etc., and adjust it in a timely manner according to temperature conditions (early rice from mid to late March to mid April, mid season rice from mid April to mid May, and late rice from mid May to mid June); soaking seeds to promote germination, applying fertilizers and pesticides in a timely manner to cultivate robust seedlings; when the seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 center, they should be transplanted in a timely manner and planted in a reasonable and dense manner, with 2-3 seedlings inserted into each hole; applying sufficient base fertilizer, appropriately increase organic fertilizer, timely apply greening fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, etc., and mainly manage water by alternating dry and wet; selecting disease and insect resistant varieties, scientific fertilizer and water management, soaking seeds with pesticides, and timely spraying of 430 g/L tebuconazole·prochloraz emulsion, 20% trichloropyrimidine water dispersible granules and other pesticides, to effectively prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast and planthoppers. This article provides a reference for high yield cultivation of machanical transplanting rice.

To cultivate high quality horticultural professionals, the current situation in experimental teaching of Vegetable Cultivation courses was analyzed from 4 aspects: teaching methods, teaching content, ideological and political elements, and assessment and evaluation, and the targeted teaching reform strategies were proposed. In terms of the current situation, the teaching model mainly based on teacher lectures and demonstrations neglects the cultivation of students’ subject status and comprehensive abilities. The experimental teaching content lacks design based experiments, and the integration of ideological and political elements is insufficient. The single evaluation method reduces students’ classroom participation, making it difficult to cultivate their learning interest and innovative thinking. In response to the above issues, it will implement blended learning, flipped classroom, field teaching, and establish a network resource library to innovate experimental teaching methods; adjust the teaching content to a multi-level, integrated, and progressive teaching system, set up basic experiments and production practices, comprehensive experiments, and add design based experiments; effectively integrating ideological and political elements, cultivating agricultural talents who understand and love agriculture, and promoting agriculture; reform the experimental teaching assessment system and adopt a combination of online (30%) and offline (70%) methods to comprehensively evaluate their comprehensive quality and innovative thinking. The practical results show that the reform has significantly improved the teaching effectiveness, and students have obtained 3 school level innovation and entrepreneurship projects and 5 college level projects; 2 provincial-level scientific research projects have been approved by the research group teachers. This article provides reference for promoting the teaching reform of horticulture courses.

The parental sources, breeding process, and characteristics of hybrid rice variety Xiliangyoujingsizhan were introduced, and its high yield cultivation and seed production techniques were summarized. This variety is a high quality hybrid rice variety developed from Xi06S as the female parent and Xijingsizhan as the male parent. It is suitable for planting as mid season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and has excellent field growth, high quality, moderate resistance to rice blast disease, and high yield. The high yield cultivation techniques include timely sowing and soaking with pesticides before sowing; transplant seedlings at around 25 days of age to ensure a basic number of 900 000 to 110 000 plants/hm²; apply sufficient basal fertilizer, apply tillering fertilizer early, and supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to plant growth in the later stage; after 7 days of transplantation, use pesticides such as butachlor to control weeds in the field; apply 43% tebuconazole and other pesticides to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast disease, sheath blight, and rice planthoppers. High yield seed production techniques include selecting plots with sufficient light, medium to high fertility, and convenient drainage and irrigation for seed production, and paying attention to seed isolation; reasonably arrange the parents’ broadcasting schedule; apply organic fertilizer and deeply plow before sowing, keep the field moist after sowing, and apply fertilizer at appropriate times; timely spray gibberellin “920”, and arrange manual powder milling when the heading rate of the parent plants reaches 50%; according to the actual situation in the field, remove impurities and timely prevent and control diseases and pests in the field; harvesting with a specialized harvester at around 85% maturity of the seeds. This article provides a reference for promoting and planting this variety in relevant regions.

To further improve the grain yield per unit area, Guichi District, Chizhou, Anhui Province had carried out demonstration planting of rice and wheat intensive cultivation. Its high yield cultivation techniques and the demonstration results were summarized. The high yield cultivation techniques of rice and wheat intensive cultivation include selecting high yield, stable, and early maturing rice and wheat seeds suitable for local planting according to local conditions to ensure the continuity of rice and wheat crop rotation; taking seed treatment measures such as sun drying, seed selection, seed soaking with pesticides, and seed mixing to improve seed germination rate and prevent diseases and pests during the seedling stage; rice seedlings were raised by stacking and darkening, transplanted with pesticides, while wheat was sown by drones and sprayed with paclobutrazol at appropriate times to improve seedling quality; reasonable dense planting to coordinate group growth; adopting soil testing formula fertilization method, rice field water was managed by alternating dry and wet cycles; timely carry out green prevention and control and unified control measures to prevent and control diseases and pests such as rice blast disease, rice false smut, rice stem borer, and wheat Fusarium head blight. From 2023 to 2024, Weiliangyou 8612 was selected as the rice variety and Yangmai 25 as the wheat variety. A demonstration planting of rice and wheat precision farming was carried out in the research area, achieving high yields of rice (12 631.5 kg/hm²) and wheat (8 685.45 kg/hm²), increased production by 11.65% and 26.25% respectively compared to the previous year,and significantly improving planting efficiency. This article provides a reference for promoting the rice and wheat precision farming model in relevant regions.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of epimedium on the reproductive performance of Small Tailed Han sheep and the appropriate addition ratio in the feed. A total of 192 six-month-old Small Tailed Han sheep, half male and half female, were randomly divided into four male groups and four female groups. Each group of 24 sheep was divided into 3 replicates with 8 sheep in each, and housed in separate pens. The control male and female groups were fed a basal diet, while the three male test groups and three female test groups were fed a diet containing 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% epimedium, respectively, for a 75-day feeding trial. The results showed that epimedium could increase the feed consumption of male sheep, promote growth and development and improve the sperm volume, sperm concentration, and reduce the abnormal rate of male sheep to varying degrees, and increase the blood testosterone concentration of male sheep. Among them, the 1.0% epimedium group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05), and the 1.5% epimedium group was extremely significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). However, the feed consumption and the feed-to-weight ratio increased; epimedium could promote the growth and development of female sheep, reduce feed consumption, but there was no significant statistical difference (P>0.05); epimedium could improve the live lambing rate, lambing rate, FSH and LH concentrations of female sheep to varying degrees. Among them, the 1.5% epimedium group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). The experiment showed that adding a certain proportion of epimedium could improve the reproductive performance of both male and female Small Tailed Han sheep, increase the feed consumption of male sheep but not increase the feed consumption of female sheep, and help improve immunity.

Based on the production practices of summer soybean in Taihe County, Fuyang City, in Northern Anhui Province, its green and high yield cultivation techniques were summarized and analyzed. These techniques include selecting high quality, high yield, lodging resistant, and machine harvestable soybean varieties according to local conditions; fine tillage before planting to improve soil structure through intensive cultivation methods; sowing at the appropriate time and optimizing planting density to fully exploit the yield potential of summer soybean; balancing fertilization with sufficient base fertilizer and timely topdressing based on field growth performance to meet the nutrient and water requirements at different growth stages; scientific field management is adopted during the planting process, including soil sealing and post seedling stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, timely spraying of fungicides such as carbendazim to control root rot, aphids and other pests and diseases, “multi-effect spraying”, spraying 5% uniconazole and other pesticides during the initial flowering period to control plant growth, and scientifically controlling high temperature and heat damage through irrigation and other methods to ensure the robust growth of summer soybeans; and choosing suitable machinery for timely harvesting at maturity to achieve yield increase. By integrating planting techniques such as carefully selected high-quality seeds, balanced fertilization and scientific field management, the yield and quality of summer soybean can be effectively improved. This study provides a reference for high yield summer soybean cultivation in related regions.

The parental sources, breeding process, variety characteristics, seed production techniques, and high yield cultivation techniques of maize variety Zhongxu No.1 were summarized and analyzed. This variety was cultivated with ZF428 as the female parent and ZX410 as the male parent. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024 (approval number: Wanshenyu 2024T004). This variety was planted in the north of the Huai River in Anhui Province, and had the characteristics of good field growth, excellent quality, strong resistance, and high yield. The key points of its seed production technology include selecting plots with good water conservancy conditions and flat terrain as seed production bases; strictly set up isolation zones through methods such as spatial and temporal isolation; staged impurity removal treatment to eliminate mixed seedlings in the field; adopting the method of touching the buds with leaves to remove the male spikes from the maternal plant; reasonably arrange the parent line ratio and sowing schedule; predicting the flowering period and adjust it using chemical and physical methods to ensure that the flowering periods meet; timely harvest and separate storage to prevent mixing. High yield cultivation techniques include selecting suitable plots for light, temperature, fertilizer, and water conditions for planting; sow at the appropriate time and sow content; adopting a single seed sowing machine to ensure reasonable seedling density; soil sealing and weed control before sowing, chemical weed control during the 3-5 leaf stage; apply sufficient basal fertilizer, apply timely topdressing during the bell mouth and pollination periods, and supplement zinc, boron, and other trace element fertilizers in moderation; timely irrigation and timely drainage of accumulated water in the fields; adopting appropriate pesticides to prevent and control pests and diseases such as ground tiger, maize borer, rust, etc.; harvest maize kernels promptly when the milk ripening line completely disappears. This article provides a reference for further promotion and planting of this variety.

Based on the soybean production practice in the Southern of Liaoning Province, its high yield and high quality cultivation techniques and the achievements of demonstration applications were summarized. High yield and high quality cultivation techniques include continuous cropping, reasonable crop rotation, deep ploughing, deep loosening and land preparation to increase soil permeability and drought and waterlogging tolerance. Select soybean varieties that are high yielding, high quality and highly resistant; seed coating is carried out using the suspension seed coating agent of fludioxonil·metalaxyl. The planting density is determined based on the characteristics of soybean varieties, soil fertility and climatic conditions, etc. Mechanical sowing is adopted to complete multiple processes such as sowing, fertilization, soil covering and compaction simultaneously. Based on the principles of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium, the proportion of fertilizers should be flexibly adjusted, and appropriate nutrients should be applied in a timely manner. Physical control techniques such as light attraction, sex attraction and food attraction, as well as chemical control techniques such as avermectin benzoate and chloranthobenzamide, are adopted to comprehensively control diseases and pests. According to the “combination of sealing and fixation” weeding strategy, pre-sowing sealing and post-emergence orientation are carried out, and scientific medication is used to ensure the weeding effect in the soybean field. Harvesting by hand or machine, harvesting at the right time, promptly spreading and sun-drying or mechanical drying, and then storing in the warehouse. The technology was demonstrated and applied in the study area. Practice showed that this technology had effectively increased the soybean yield. This article provides a reference for increasing the per-unit yield of soybeans and promoting the high quality development of the industry.