Multiple planting of soybeans after wheat harvest can fully utilize the remaining light, hot, and water resources after wheat harvest, achieve two crop intercropping in one year. The planting practice was combined of wheat and soybean in Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, the light, simple, and efficient cultivation techniques for winter wheat and high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybeans were summarized and analyzed, at the same time, corresponding yield improvement strategies were proposed by focusing on the key aspects of intercropping soybeans after wheat. The cultivation techniques for light, simple, and efficient winter wheat include selecting high quality, high yielding, disease resistant, and early maturing wheat varieties; before sowing, rotary tiller and rake flat, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; reasonably determine the broadcasting schedule and quantity; check and supplement seedlings, and timely carry out “one spray and three prevention” measures; timely harvest and clean up residual debris. The high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybean varieties include selecting early maturing varieties with strong stress resistance and high and stable yield; plow and weed before sowing, and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer; timely sowing of moisture and reasonable planting density; combining tillage weeding with chemical weeding, applying fertilizer while the soil is moist, and implementing rational control measures; seize the critical window period for disease and pest control and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures; remove from drying and store in the warehouse. The key points to focus on in the research area for wheat multiple cropping soybean include wheat harvest period, planting efficiency, soil preparation quality, and mechanization level. Therefore, reasonable crop rotation and good crop rotation connection were proposed; promote high yield cultivation techniques, and improve planting efficiency; strategies include fine soil preparation, improving soil fertility, introducing new machinery, and expanding the area of intercropping. This article provides a reference for achieving high yields by multiple cropping soybeans after wheat in Shangluo and related areas.

The production practice of fresh corn was combined in the Ili River Valley region, Xinjiang, its high yield planting techniques and application prospects were summarized and analyzed. In terms of high yield cultivation techniques for fresh corn, including selecting high quality varieties with good adaptability and disease resistance; adjusting the sowing date and method based on local climate differences and crop varieties; fine soil preparation, using precise sowing techniques; reasonably plant closely according to the characteristics of different corn varieties, adopting spatial isolation, temporal isolation, or natural barrier isolation for planting isolation, fertilize and irrigate according to the needs of each growth stage of corn, and adopting ecological management, agricultural control, biological control, and physical induction control methods for green pest control; timely harvest and carry out preservation treatment. Fresh corn is widely used in the fields of agriculture, industry, and animal husbandry. Its high quality and efficient production is of great significance in ensuring food security, meeting market demand, increasing grow’ income, promoting agricultural modernization, and promoting industrial integration and development. This article provides a reference for high quality and efficient production of fresh corn in the Ili River Valley and related areas.

The production practice was combined of high quality rice in the Lixiahe area of Yancheng, Jiangsu, and the cultivation techniques of high quality rice production from the aspects of planting method selection and variety selection were summarized and analyzed. The planting method should choose light and simplified machine insertion; select high quality rice varieties with high yield, high rice yield, good resistance, wide adaptability, and high stability; to achieve precise bed preparation, seed control, water control, and chemical control, in order to cultivate seedlings that meet high yield requirements and mechanical operation requirements; straw returning to the field and leveling, planting with reduced plant size and increased density, and multiple holes and fewer roots at a seedling age of 3.5 to 3.8 leaves; balance the ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and silicon fertilizers, and apply fertilizers appropriately and timely; adopt alternating wet dry irrigation based on the growth of seedlings; coordinate agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control pests and diseases; pay attention to preventing cold damage and lodging during the growth process; harvesting rice at 95% maturity, followed by processing such as low temperature drying and low temperature refrigeration. Relevant cultivation techniques provide references for the production of high quality rice.

To breed the double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolates) rapeseed variety with the double-high of yield and oil-content, strong stress tolerance and wide adaptability, we used cytoplasmic male line 'Han 3A' as female parent to cross with the restorer line '475R', after selection and identification, we obtained a variety 'Hanyou 23' with high oil content and high yield and multi resistance in Brassica napus L. Its average yield in comparative experiment of new rapeseed varieties in the Yangtze River Basin (the upper, middle and lower reaches) for two consecutive years (2020-2022) was 3167.8 kg/hm², the erucic acid content was 0.105%, the glucosinolate content was 17.48 μmol/g, and the oil content was 47.57%. This variety had resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral diseases, strong cold resistance and good lodging resistance. The variety was registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2024 with the registration number GPD rape (2024) 610234.‘Hanyou 23’was a hybrid Brassica napus variety with high yield and superior quality, strong stress tolerance, wide adaptability and suitability for agriculture mechanization. This paper provided the basis for its popularization and application by introducing the breeding process, characteristics and high-yield cultivation technology.

This experiment was designed to explore the relationship between the musk-producing ability and fertility of male musk deer, which would provide a theoretical basis for germplasm resource breeding. The musk production of 224 forest musk deer was recorded, of which 57 had fecundity data. The influencing factors of musk yield and fecundity, and the correlation between them were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in musk production among different age groups and different musk-extracting time groups in captive forest musk deer (P>0.05), but the musk production tended to decrease with age. The average production of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of juvenile musk deer, with a difference of 3.51g per deer (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecundity of male musk deer among different age groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecundity of male musk deer at different musk-extracting times (P>0.05). The correlation study showed that there was a significant correlation among the fecundity indicators of male musk deer (P<0.05).The musk production of male musk deer was positively correlated with the twin birth rate and the average number of offspring per litter. With the increase in the musk production of male musk deer, the twin birth rate and the average number of offspring per litter also increased, but the correlation was not significant (P>0.05). Correct musk extraction could not affect the fecundity of male musk deer. The higher the musk production of male musk deer, the better the trend of fecundity indicators. Combined with the physical condition, age, musk production, and previous reproductive experience of male musk deer, breeding male musk deer can be preliminarily screened. This study provides theoretical guidance for improving the reproductive efficiency of forest musk deer and optimizing the feeding and management.

To cultivate high-level talents that meet the needs of agricultural development, guided by the construction of new agricultural science, the current situation of Crop Cultivation course in terms of teaching methods, practical teaching, and assessment and evaluation was analyzed. Adhering to the principle of combining student-centered and teacher-led teaching, the teaching reform of this course was designed and practiced. Specifically, it introduced teaching concepts that emphasize the cultivation of practical abilities, innovative thinking abilities, and awareness of sustainable environmental protection in agriculture, optimizing the theoretical teaching methods of online MOOC and offline classrooms, and adopting a practical teaching model that combined virtual simulation experiments with on-site practical investigations to achieve seamless integration between information technology and classroom teaching; the organic integration of process evaluation and outcome evaluation effectively improving the high-level, innovative, and challenging nature of curriculum teaching, expanding interdisciplinary fields, enhances students’ industrial awareness and “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” sentiment, and improving their ability to analyze and solve problems encountered in the process of grain efficiency cultivation. This article provides references for improving the quality and efficiency of Crop Cultivation and similar courses teaching.

An overview of traditional and modern breeding techniques currently used for vegetable crops was provided. Traditional breeding includes extensive hybridization, inbreeding, etc. Although it can improve crop traits, it has limitations such as low efficiency and high cost. The introduction of modern breeding techniques such as mutagenesis and genome editing can effectively improve breeding efficiency and accuracy; the progress of genome sequencing and functional genomics has provided the possibility for a profound understanding of vegetable genomes and promoted precise improvement of traits; molecular marker technology and transgenic technology have also provided new means to improve vegetable yield, quality, and stress tolerance. By using these technologies for vegetable crop breeding, the adaptability and economic value of crops can be enhanced, ensuring food safety and nutritional requirements. In the future, we will continue to explore the potential of genome assisted breeding and apply technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to vegetable breeding, providing references for the development of high-yield, disease resistant, and stress tolerant vegetable varieties.

The main factors affecting tea production were summarized based on tea tree cultivation practice, and high-yield cultivation techniques were proposed for tea trees based on these influencing factors. The main factors affecting tea production include climate conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine; soil physical and chemical properties, water content, and other soil conditions; adaptability of tea tree varieties and cultivation management techniques such as pruning, harvesting, fertilizer and water supply. The high-yield cultivation techniques for tea trees include selecting tea varieties with wide adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and pests, and high-yield potential; take measures such as deep plowing and soil turning, rational application of organic fertilizers, and application of lime and ammonium sulfate for soil improvement; choose irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation, and establish a comprehensive drainage system to protect tea gardens from the effects of excessive moisture or soil erosion; adopting green prevention and control technologies such as biological and physical control to prevent pests and diseases from invading tea trees. Relevant high-yield cultivation techniques can help improve the overall yield and quality of tea in different regions and environmental conditions, providing references for the green and sustainable development of the tea industry.

Reasonable fertilization can effectively promote the growth of tea trees and improve tea quality and yield. The types of biological fertilizers, and their advantages and limitations in application were introduced, combining with the actual growth of tea trees, the application of biological fertilizers in their growth were summarized and analyzed. There are multiple classification standards for biological fertilizers, which can be classified into bacterial dominant, actinomycete dominant, and fungal dominant types based on the types of microorganisms they contain; according to the functional characteristics of biological fertilizers, they can be divided into direct and indirect feeding type, disease and pest resistance auxiliary type, and ecological and soil improvement type; different types demonstrate their uniqueness and applicability. This fertilizer has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, soil improvement, growth promotion, resistance to pests and diseases, and broad development prospects; at the same time, but its need to improve fertilizer efficiency stability and strict requirements for soil conditions. The application of biological fertilizers such as nitrogen fixing bacteria fertilizers, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria fertilizers, and potassium solubilizing bacteria fertilizers can increase the chlorophyll content in tea leaves and enhance their photosynthetic capacity; at the same time, it can improve the nitrogen nutrition, available potassium, and available phosphorus content in the soil, thereby promoting its growth and development. This article provides a reference for promoting the application of biological fertilizers in the cultivation of crops such as tea treesand advancing green, and sustainable agricultural development.

【Objective】The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical and technical support for the innovation of green, high-yield, high-quality and high-efficient unmanned cultivation technology system of wheat. 【Method】 According to the situation of accelerating land transfer and large-scale operation, decreasing labor force engaged in agricultural production, and more efficient and comfortable farming methods, the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat was put forward through the integration study of “agronomy-machinery-intelligence”, that is, using new technology, new product and new equipment to simplify and integrate the whole process of wheat production, and complete wheat production with the least number of operations, the least number of machines and unmanned operations. On the basis of exploratory experimental research, the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat (IU) and conventional mechanized high-yield cultivation techniques of wheat in experimental area (CK) were set up as treatments in Dazhong Farm of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in 2019-2020, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, to study the traits and differences of wheat yield formation among different technology treatments, analyze the high-yield traits of IU, and put forward the technical approaches of IU. 【Result】 The IU increased wheat yield by 3.0%-5.9% compared with CK, and significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons. In terms of yield components, the spike number was IU>CK (significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons), the grains per spike were IU>CK (P>0.05), the total grains were IU>CK (P<0.05), and the 1000-kernels weight was IU<CK (P>0.05), indicating that the IU increased wheat yield by stabilizing the grains per spike and 1000-kernels weight, and increasing the spike number. In the production of photosynthetic matter, the culm number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation at the main growth stages, the leaf area duration and crop growth rate in the main growth periods, and the culm fertility and grain leaf ratio were all expressed as IU>CK (significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons), which laid a material foundation for the yield increase of the IU. This paper not only summarized the technical approaches and basic technologies of IU but also discussed the development of IU from the aspects of integrated cultivation, unmanned cultivation, “agronomy-machinery-intelligence” fusion degree, key agronomy technology and comprehensive evaluation. 【Conclusion】 The yield under IU was equivalent or significantly increased to that under CK. And the high-yield cultivation of wheat was realized with less agricultural machinery and labor and unmanned operation, which was an effective way for the development of agricultural modernization production. In the future, multi-faceted collaborative innovation and investment should be strengthened to accelerate the application and large-scale promotion of this technology.

Promoting the strip intercropping model of soybean and corn is one of the effective ways to improve soybean production capacity. The practice of strip intercropping of soybean and corn was based on in the Huaibei, Anhui Province, and its efficient cultivation techniques were summarized from the aspects of variety selection, planting model selection, seed treatment, and etc. In terms of variety selection, selecting soybean varieties with limited podding habits, shade tolerance, dense planting tolerance, high temperature tolerance, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and drought resistance; corn varieties with compact plant type, moderate height, high temperature tolerance, dense planting tolerance, ear rot tolerance, disease resistance, and suitable for machine harvesting. Selecting the planting model of 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of soybeans. Seed treatment including seed selection, sun drying, pesticide mixing or coating. Selecting 4 rows of corn seeders and 6 rows of soybean seeders for simultaneous fertilization and sowing. After sowing and before sprouting, timely sealing and weeding should be carried out. For plots with poor sealing and weeding effects, corn and soybean specific herbicides should be used for targeted isolation and weeding during the 1-2 compound leaf stage of soybeans and 4-5 leaf stage of corn. To meet the water and fertilizer supply needs during the corn bell mouth stage, soybean flowering and pod setting stage, and grain filling stage, the integrated technology of micro spray irrigation and fertilization is adopted for irrigation, topdressing, and foliar fertilization. Spraying control agents on 6-9 leaves of corn and early flowering stage of soybeans to control plant growth. Adhering to the principle of prevention first and combining prevention and control, and timely apply appropriate drugs to prevent and control diseases and pests such as soybean virus disease, aphid, corn stem rot disease, and Spodoptera frugiperda, etc. Choosing soybean varieties that are resistant to high temperature and heat damage, apply fertilizers reasonably, and water them in a timely manner to prevent soybean ‘disease greening’. Selecting varieties of corn that are resistant to high temperature and heat damage, water them in a timely manner, and use artificial pollination to prevent and control the impact of high temperature and heat damage on the tasseling and silk emergence stages of corn. Based on the maturity of soybeans and corn in the field, choose the method of harvesting first after maturity or harvesting with different machines simultaneously. This article provides references for further promotion and application of the soybean corn strip intercropping model in relevant regions.

To meet the demand for educational informatization in applied undergraduate universities, the current situation of the core course of Horticulture, Vegetable Cultivation was analyzed in terms of teaching model, teaching content, and assessment evaluation. It designed a blended online and offline teaching approach and put it into practice. In terms of design, an information-based online teaching platform was utilized, adopting a student-centered optimization teaching model, problem oriented reconstruction of content system, process based optimization of assessment and evaluation system, and other measures, a blended online and offline teaching model of “MOOC+Rain Classroom+Chaoxing Learning Platform+WeChat Public Platform” suitable for Horticulture majors would be constructed. In terms of reform practice, research on learning situations was conducted and set online and offline learning tasks; paied attention to resources, integrating learning resources into core knowledge point interpretation modules and cultivation technology foundations, and applied them before, during, and after class; refactored content and optimized online and offline teaching design; optimized assessment and adopted diversified and full process assessment methods. Practice showed that the reformed teaching had optimized teaching resources, improved student participation and professional skills, enhanced learning quality and efficiency, thereby achieving the goal of high-quality cultivation of Horticultural talents in agricultural universities, and providing references for the deep integration of educational informationization and teaching in agricultural related courses

The large-scale planting performance of drought resistant rice variety Hanyou 73 was combined in Donghu Production Base, Dongqiao Town, Huian County, Xiamen, Fujian Province, its “rice+vegetable” water-dry rotation cultivation techniques and its advantages in arid land were summarized and analyzed. This variety was planted in a “rice+vegetable” rotation in the research area, with a total growth period of about 128 days and resistant to bacterial leaf blight and rice blast disease, with good drought resistance; the dry grain yield of rice was 7 542.75 kg/hm². Dryland cultivation techniques include land preparation, application of base fertilizer, and rotary tillage; after seed mixing or seedling cultivation, live broadcasting or waterless machine transplanting is carried out; arrange micro sprinkler irrigation pipe belts in the field according to the walking route of the rice transplanter wheels; after emergence, water the seedlings with water for greening, tillering, and heading filling to improve seedling quality and rice seed setting rate; according to the seedling situation in the field, apply tillering fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and heading fertilizer to cultivate strong seedlings; dryland has more grass damage than paddy fields, and generally adopts measures such as closed weeding as the main method, chemical pesticides as auxiliary, and manual removal and remediation for prevention and control; according to local pest and disease monitoring information, timely prevention and control of diseases and pests such as sheath blight and rice planthopper. The application of the “rice+vegetable” water-dry rotation model and dryland waterless machine transplanting technology has technical management advantages such as saving labor and reducing consumption, facilitating water control, and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency; and social benefits such as improving farmland utilization efficiency, conserving water resources, and improving soil environment. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of the “rice+vegetable” water-dry rotation model in relevant region’ dry land.

To meet the diverse needs for Horticultural majors and further cultivate students’ core competence and major quality, a blended teaching model for Horticultural Plant Breeding course was explored by clearly defining the teaching program design of this course. In terms of teaching program design, the theoretical knowledge of germplasm resources and introduction was systematically combed, and the online and offline teaching model was applied to make full use of the advantages of the Internet to achieve the course teaching objectives. Specific explorations included using blended online and offline teaching methods, as well as problem-based teaching, group discussion analysis, and other methods to stimulate students’ learning enthusiasm; introducing the discussion-collaboration- participation teaching model into the curriculum, and pushing cutting-edge literature on the subject before and after class to closely link teaching with science and broaden students’ professional horizons; adopting integrated teaching of science and education methods, combining teaching content with teaching and research bases or external joint bases; optimizing the assessment and evaluation system and adopting diversified process evaluation. Practice showed that this teaching reform had effectively simulated students’ learning initiative, and achieved good teaching achievement, the pass rate of students was 100%, and the teaching effect had been significantly improved. This article provides references for improving the quality of talent cultivation in Horticulture major and promoting professional construction and development.

Based on the rice production practice in the Southern Jiangsu Province, the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of rice and their promotion strategies were summarized and analyzed. High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting varieties with high-quality, high-yield, strong resistance, and wide adaptability according to local conditions; making preparations for seedling field configuration, nutrient soil (substrate) preparation, seed treatment, and scientific sowing; water management, fertilization management, and pest control of seedbeds; adjusting the planting distance and seedling amount of transplanting machinery according to the variety type to achieve precise cultivation; field management needs to strengthen the supporting ditch system to reduce drainage and waterlogging, timely and appropriately fertilize according to the growth process and seedling growth of rice, and adopt comprehensive control measures of ecological regulation and scientific medication for the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as sheath blight, rice blast disease, rice planthopper, and stem borer; timely use machinery for harvesting, and pay attention to moisture and mold prevention during storage. Corresponding promotion strategy includes strengthening publicity and guidance, providing financial support, etc., to motivate planting subjects; keeping up with the trend of technological development, improving technical points, and implementing key technologies; constructing high-yield demonstration area, demonstrating the application of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques; carrying out on-site observation, technical lectures, and skill competitions to strengthen technical training. This article provides a reference for the promotion and application of high-quality and high-yield rice cultivation techniques in related rice growing areas such us Southern Jiangsu Province.

Tanbi wax gourd is nearly spherical in shape, with an average weight of about 3 kg per individual, resembling a three lobed structure; its fresh is dense, sweet and crisp, less thick flesh and storage resistance, has high edible and medicinal value. The high-yield cultivation techniques of this crop were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice. In terms of sowing and seedling cultivation, measures such as soaking seeds to promote germination, preparing nutrient soil, strengthening water management, and diseases and pests control were taken to cultivate short and strong seedlings. Before transplanting and planting, it was necessary to adjust the soil pH of the planting site and apply mature farmyard manure; strong seedlings should be transplanted before the leaves of two seedlings were full and the true leaves were not fully developed. In terms of water and fertilizer management, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and fruit setting fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. The melon field should be kept moist during the seedling stage, irrigated during the growth stage, and the field water should be controlled from flowering to fruit setting stage. Field management included setting up trellises to guide and tie vines, assisting with pollination, and retaining melons. In terms of disease and pest control, comprehensive measures such as agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control were adopted to timely prevent and control diseases and pests such as aphids, whitefly, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and others. In terms of harvesting, storage, and transportation, the fruit was usually harvested after 30 days of maturity on a clear, dew-free morning; during storage and transportation, the site and tools should be kept clean and free of pollution. This article provides a reference for the high-yield cultivation of this plant and further promoting the development of related industries.

Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb, and its leaves are used as medicine. It is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herbal with high medicinal and economical value. The high-quality cultivation techniques of this plant were summarized and analyzed from 7 aspects of variety selection, land preparation, and propagation methods. Including select high-quality, high-yielding, and comprehensive resistant varieties of Artemisia argyi suitable for local cultivation; choose fertile loam and sandy loam environments with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and deep plowing and fertilization before planting. Its propagation techniques include division propagation, root propagation, and cutting propagation; the suitable planting density is 97 500 to 120 000 plants/hm², and the appropriate amount of rhizomes for root propagation is 3 000 kg/hm². After planting, timely carry out standardized management work such as tillage, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, leveling, and thinning to promote plant growth; the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the field mainly rely on agricultural and physical methods, with chemical control as a supplement. Timely harvesting, processing and storage according to its application characteristics.It provides references for Artemisia argyi standardized production and high-quality industrial development.

Camellia oleifera as a unique woody edible oil tree species, has both economic value and ecological maintenance functions. The techniques for high-yield cultivation of Camellia oleifera forests combined its biological characteristics were systematically explored, including selection of afforestation sites, superior varieties, and others. Camellia oleifera trees are 2-8 meters tall, with spherical or nearly spherical fruits that generally mature in autumn. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques include selecting areas with an altitude of 100-500 meters, sufficient sunlight, and slopes below 25 degrees for planting; scientifically apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient status of the soil and the growth needs of plants to improve the soil; select varieties with larger fruits, thinner skin, and higher seed and oil extraction rates; choose strong seedlings that are one or two years old, ensuring their good growth and strong stress resistance; excavate planting holes and adopt reasonable methods for seedling planting; reasonably irrigate and reasonably fertilize oil tea trees based on their age, soil texture, and local climate conditions; after the oil tea is harvested and before the new shoots sprout in spring, remove diseased and weak branches in a timely manner; adopt agricultural, biological, and chemical control measures to timely prevent and control diseases such as anthracnose and soft rot, as well as pests such as Biston marginata and Euproctis pseudoconspersa; when the fruit is 80% to 90% ripe, it should be harvested and processed promptly to prevent spoilage. These technological lare interrelated and together form a complete, efficient, and sustainable high-yield cultivation techniques system for Camellia oleifera, provide references for the efficient development of Camellia oleifera and its related industries.

The production and planting experience of a family farm in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui Province was combined, and the suitable environment, facility conditions, and key cultivation techniques for the growth of Morchella were summarized and analyzed. The cultivation of this fungus should be carried out on land with good air quality, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The soil should be loose, weakly alkaline, and well-permeable sandy loam; the cultivation facilities mainly consist of solar greenhouses, equipped with drip irrigation belts and atomization devices. The key points of facility cultivation techniques include selecting excellent varieties with mushroom shape, color, stable seed quality, thick meat texture, and high-yield; carry out soil plowing, disinfection, and prepare external nutrient packages before sowing; fine sowing, cover with black plastic film; do a good job in post-sowing management such as watering and mulching, temperature and light regulation, nutrient package placement, and mushroom urging; manage the mushroom production period in accordance with the requirements of each period; comprehensively applying agricultural methods, physical methods, biotechnology, and chemical techniques to effectively prevent and control bacterial contamination and pest infestations during the growth process of mushrooms; according to the principle of “picking large and keeping small”, harvest in a timely manner, and store or transport in a timely manner after harvesting. This article provides references for the development of facility cultivation industry of Morchella.

To understand the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide martine on the fertility of peach aphids, this experiment evaluated the effects of martine toxicity and sublethal doses (LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₇₀) on adult aphids of Myzus persicae. The results showed that the LC₅₀ of martine against Myzus persicae was 9.66 mg/L, and the LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀ and LC₇₀ against Myzus persicae were 0.17, 0.69, 1.86, 50.16 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentration of martine can significantly reduce the fertility, longevity, and survival rate of adult Myzus persicae. The life span of adult Myzus persicae in LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₇₀ treatment groups was shortened by 0.9, 1.4, 1.9, 3.1 and 4.1 d, respectively. The limiting growth rate (λ), net value-added rate (R₀), average generation period (T), total fertility (GRR), and intrinsic growth rate (r_m) of Myzus persicae in sublethal concentration treatment groups were lower than those in the control group. It is concluded that the sublethal concentration of martine has a lethal effect on the growth of Myzus persicae population.

The changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased Polygonatum cyrtonema under varied cultivation modes were studied to provide theoretical support for the rational cultivation of P. cyrtonema and the targeted improvement of soil microbial community. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, the Paired-end was used to systematically analyze the changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased P. cyrtonema that planted in the field and understory. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants under different cultivation patterns. Compared with the field cultivation, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount and the relative abundance of Ascomycota (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly increased in understory cultivation, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Fusarium genera (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly decreased. Except for the 2a healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal diversity of P. cyrtonema planted in understory was significantly higher than that in field. Among them, the Ace index and Chao1 index of the 2a diseased plants, 4a healthy plants and 4a diseased plants in the understory cultivation were 9.09%, 20.95%, 24.22% and 24.36%, 12.19% and 12.27% higher than those in field, respectively. Compared with healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount of 2a diseased plants in field and 4a diseased plants in understory were significantly reduced, but the relative abundance of Fusarium genera in the rhizosphere soil of 4a diseased plants was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity index between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema under different cultivation modes (P>0.05). In conclusion, there were large differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and fungal diversity between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema plants under different cultivation modes, and the relative abundance of harmful fungal genera, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil, was one of the important reasons for the occurrence of P. cyrtonema root rot.

Anke 1618 is a new semi-winter wheat variety with Shiyou 17 as the mother and Zhoumai 18 as the father. It had the characteristics of high-yield, stable-yield, wide adaptability and strong disease resistance. The breeding process, agronomic traits such as whole growth period, plant height, panicle number and yield of this variety were summarized and analyzed. The average yield of this variety was 8 468.4 kg/hm² in the regional experiment of Wanhuai wheat complex in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In the 2020-2021 production test, the average yield was 8 501.3 kg/hm², and the yield increase point rate of multiple tests was more than 60%. Its comprehensive agronomic traits were good, disease resistance was better, quality was superior; high-yield cultivation emphasized uniform seed mixing and selecting suitable sowing dates; reasonable fertilization; field management focused on seedling inspection and supplementation, winter irrigation, comprehensive prevention and control of pests, diseases, and weeds, as well as field impurity removal. The research provides references for the cultivation and popularization of this variety in the north of Huaihe River and Huaihe River region.

To screen foxtail millet varieties with strong salt tolerance, Chenggu No.13 and other 40 foxtail millet varieties were treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl solution under salt stress, and the control group was distilled water. Six indicators including relative germination potential, relative germination index and relative germination rate of foxtail millet during germination were measured. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the relative germination potential, germination rate and germination index of the Rehejinmi were the highest, the germination salt damage rate was the lowest, and the salt tolerance was strong. Correlation analysis showed that the relative germination potential was positively correlated with the relative germination rate and the relative germination index, the relative germination rate was positively correlated with the relative germination index, the relative germination index was positively correlated with the relative root length, and the relative root length was positively correlated with the relative bud length. Principal component analysis converted five indexes, including relative germination potential, into 2 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.675%. The relative germination index and relative root length could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the salt tolerance of sorghum during germination. The comprehensive evaluation by the membership function method showed that the Rehejinmi had the largest D value and the strongest salt tolerance, while that from Chengsi No.9 had the smallest D value and the worst salt tolerance. The 40 foxtail millet varieties were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. Among them, the salt-tolerant varieties Rehejinmi, the salt-tolerant varieties 20-M919 and 20-M841, the moderately salt-tolerant varieties included Shanxihonggu, Yugu No.1 and Chenggu No.15, and the salt-sensitive varieties included 29 varieties such as Chengsi No.9, Chenggu No.20, and Chenggu No.14. The results provide a reference basis for foxtail millet planting in saline-alkali land.

The parental sources, breeding process, characteristic characteristics, and high-yield cultivation techniques of Tianyikedou 21 were elaborated. This variety is a high-yield and high-quality soybean variety selected through pedigree method with Wansu 2156 as the female parent and Jidou 17 as the male parent. The 2-year regional trial and 1-year production trial results showed that this variety had a high-yield; the plant height was suitable and can resist lodging; the grain was high in oil and protein content. Its high-yield cultivation techniques include pre-sowing preparation such as soil preparation and seed treatment; sowing seeds in a timely manner according to weather conditions, soil moisture, and quality; reasonable planting density; carrying out field management such as seedling inspection, thinning, tillage, and weeding; timely prevention and control of soybean root rot, stink bugs, aphids, planthoppers and other pests and diseases; timely and early mechanical harvesting to prevent mechanical mixing. The soybean variety Tianyikedou 21 has high-yield and high-quality characteristics; providing references for its promotion and application in the Huai River region in Anhui Province and surrounding areas.

Handou 13 has been widely used in soybean and corn belt compound planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has obtained high-yield and benefit. The high-yield cultivation techniques of the ribbon compound of this variety were summarized and analyzed. This soybean variety had the characteristics of shade tolerance, high oil content, density tolerance, lodging resistance, high-yield, and suitable mechanical harvesting when planted in this area. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting coated soybean seeds to prevent underground pest infestation and increase germination rate; planting soybean and corn in a 4∶2 ratio to ensure appropriate density. In terms of field management, proper watering should be done during the grain filling period, nutrients should be added according to crop needs, insect pests such as soybean spot bug and whitefly should be prevented scientifically, and take measures such as soil sealing and stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, etc., so as to improve yield potential. Timely and appropriate spraying of plant growth regulators to control vigorous plant growth; choose joint harvesting machinery for timely harvesting, etc. This article provides references for the application of this variety in soybean corn ribbon compound planting.

The industry of Anji white tea as the core agricultural industry is an important starting point for rural revitalization in Anji, Zhejiang. Establishment of tea planting regionalization in Anji County will provide favorable support for planters to build an ecological tea plantation in this area. Based on meteorological observation data such as temperature and relative humidity, basic geographic data and soil data from 6 national meteorological observation stations and 49 encrypted automatic meteorological stations in Anji County and its surrounding areas, nine factors of meteorology, topography and soil were selected to carry out the fine simulation of spatial distribution, and the AHP method was used to establish the evaluation model of tea cultivation suitability zoning. Then the comprehensive regionalization of tea planting suitability was completed. The results show that the most suitable area for tea planting in Anji County is 623.09 km², which is distributed in Meixi Town, Xilong Township, Dipu Street, Changshuo Street and other areas in the north and middle of Anji County. The suitable area for tea planting is 622.46 km², which is distributed in the north and middle of the county, such as Dipu Street, Xiaofeng Town, Zhangwu Town, the west of Hanggai Town, and the north of Tianhuangping town; The dimensions of unsuitable cultivation area is 441.43 km², which is mainly distributed in the south of the county, including Zhangcun Town, Baofu Town, Shangshu Town, south of Tianhuangping town and Shanchuan town. Through the regionalization of the suitability of tea cultivation in Anji County, this paper provides a reference for the selection of geographical location for Anji white tea planting, and provides ideas for the high-quality production of tea seedlings.

This study explores the demand for low temperature accumulation during the germination process of apricot trees and analyzes the impact of warm winter phenomena caused by global warming on apricot yield. In this study, using the high-quality apricot variety ‘Haitanghong’ and its bud variant ‘Zaoyan’ from southern China as experimental materials, through transcriptomic analysis of 550 hours of treatment at 4℃, 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many were associated with plant hormones and protein dephosphorylation. By observing the branch color of the two varieties under low-temperature treatments, we found that the cultivar with the lower chilling requirement was more tolerant to cold. These results suggest that compared to ‘Haitanghong’, ‘Zaoyan’ has a lower low-temperature requirement, and the difference in chilling requirements between the two varieties may be related to plant hormones and post-transcriptional modification. And the reason for these differences of alternative splicing may be associated with the varied chilling requirement in the two cultivars. These results can provide a reference for mitigating the decrease of apricot yield under climate warming.

The aim is to explore the effects of different formula fertilizations on the growth, quality and yield of tomato cultivated in facility substrate, aiming to screen out high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency fertilization schemes. Taking large tomato ‘1437’ as the test variety, different concentrations of potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein were added on the basis of the Dutch formula to fertilize tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate. The growth indexes and fruit quality indexes of tomato plants were measured, and the effects of different fertilization formulas on the quality and yield of tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis. The results showed that after applying the formula (T9) with 50% increase in potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein on the basis of the Dutch formula, the main root length of tomato plants increased by 75.84% compared with the application of the Dutch formula (CK treatment). The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato plants treated with T₉ were significantly increased by 73% and 70.07% respectively compared with CK treatment. The fresh root weight and dry root weight of tomato treated with T₉ were significantly increased by 60.45% and 99.29% respectively compared with CK treatment. The soluble sugar content of tomato fruits treated with T9 was the highest, which was increased by 106.45% compared with CK treatment. The soluble solids of tomato treated with T9 were the highest, reaching 4.7%, which was significantly increased by 14.63% compared with CK treatment. The yield per plant of tomato treated with T9 was significantly increased by 38.96% compared with CK treatment. Thus, T9 treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of tomato plants, increased the material accumulation of tomato plants, improved the quality of tomato fruits and increased the yield of tomatoes.

To scientifically guide the planting and management of regenerated rice and promote the promotion and application of related cultivation techniques. The cultivation practice of regenerated rice in Taoyuan County, Changde, Hunan Province was combined, the specific key points of its “six suitability and three high” cultivation techniques were summarized and analyzed. This technology was developed by suitable varieties (selecting rice varieties with suitable growth periods, good comprehensive resistance, excellent rice quality, and high annual yield), timely sowing (ensuring full heading before the arrival of cold dew winds during the regeneration season), moderate planting (field planting amount of 26.25-30.00 kg/hm²), suitable management (scientific water management, rational fertilization, prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and timely harvestiong), suitable machinery (choosing specialized harvesting machinery for regenerated rice or replace narrow tracks to reduce the area of rice pile compaction), and appropriate pile retention (regenerated rice emergence was affected by factors such as temperature and variety characteristics, with a suitable pile height of 20-40 cm). Based on the current situation of regenerated rice cultivation in the research area from 2020 to 2023, through the application of this technology,the high yield, high quality, and high efficiency of regenerated rice have been achieved. The research results provide references for promoting sustainable production of regenerated rice.

The research on asexual propagation and seeds propagation of Magnoliaceae plants was reviewed. Asexual propagation of seedlings is beneficial for plants to reproduce rapidly and massively, as well as maintain the excellent characteristics of the variety; techniques such as cutting, grafting, and tissue culture are often applied in the industrial seedlings cultivation and auxiliary research of Magnoliaceae plants. Seeds propagation has many advantages such as rich genetic diversity, economic applicability, and easy portability. In response to the possible occurrence of mold and rot in seeds of Magnoliaceae plants during storage and germination, methods such as soaking and soil disinfection can be adopted to avoid seed mold and rot; the seeds of this family have morphological and physiological dormancy characteristics, which can be broken by soaking them in gibberellins, strong oxidants, or low-temperature stratification to increase their germination rate. The research results provide references for the protection and industrial development of Magnoliaceae plant resources.

With the continuous improvement in rice cultivation techniques, China has maintained a high rice production level of about 210 million tons over the past decade. Direct-seeding rice cultivation technology, recognized for its efficiency and simplicity, has been favored by Chinese farmers. However, controversies persist regarding direct-seeding rice compared to transplanted rice in national-scale production. Thus, this study employed meta-analysis techniques to quantify disparities in grain yield, economic benefit, rice quality, lodging characteristic, and greenhouse gas emissions between direct-seeding rice and transplanted rice. Our results indicated that direct-seeding rice significantly reduced grain yield by an average of 6.3% relative to transplanted rice, which was main due to the reduced total spikelet (-3.8%) and filled-grain percentage (-1.8%). In different planting systems in China, the yield of direct-seeding rice had significantly decreased compared to transplanted rice, and the direct-seeding rice-induced reductions in yield of single rice (-10.9%) and late rice (-13.1%) were higher than those of middle rice (-4.8%) and early rice (-4.4%). The grain yield reductions for direct-seeding rice were from 10% to 20% in Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces, meanwhile Heilongjiang and Jiangxi provinces saw reductions of 5% to 10%, but it had no significant effect in other provinces. Direct-seeding rice resulted in comparable net economic return relative to transplanted rice (p> 0.05). Direct-seeding rice reduced milled rice rate (-3.1%) and gel consistency (-3.5%), improved appearance quality (chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree, which decreased by 25.3% and 22.5%, respectively), whereas no significant effects were observed on nutrition quality and taste value. Direct-seeding rice increased lodging index at base of the first (+12.4%) and third (+10.3%) internodes, but not at the second internode, indicating an increase in risk of lodging relative to transplanted rice. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, direct-seeding rice fields showed reductions in methane emissions (-42.8%), global warming potential (-36.2%), and greenhouse gas intensity (-41.1%) compared to transplanted rice fields, while promoting nitrous oxide emissions (+29.1%). In addition, a review was recounted on nitrogen utilization and its loss, water and energy use efficiency, and weed incidence. Finally, the recommendations for the future advancement of direct-seeding rice were proposed, main focusing on rice variety breeding, rice cultivation technique optimization, rice planting area layout, as well as policies and services with the goal of technological innovation and regionalized application of direct-seeding rice cultivation technology in China.

To cultivate new and high-quality innovation comprehensive talents and expand the direction of forest germplasm innovation, under the background of “new forestry science”, the teaching status of Forestry major non breeding Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding course was explored in terms of student professional foundation, textbook selection, teaching content, and assessment methods. Based on the characteristics of the Forest Conservation Science major, would put into practice the teaching reform of this course, including consolidating students’ professional knowledge foundation, selecting diversified textbooks, adjusting teaching content accordingly, and transforming assessment and evaluation methods. To enhance teaching effectiveness and provide references for the teaching reform of this course in non breeding Forestry majors.

The green cultivation techniques for shiitake mushrooms in greenhouse construction, strain inoculation, and post inoculation management, and other aspects were summarized and analyzed. Choosen land with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation, and abundant water sources to construct mushroom boron; Selected high-quality mushroom varieties, suitable cultivation substrates, strictly disinfect and bag for inoculation; After vaccination, ensure proper management of bacterial growth, removal from bags, and promotion of buds; After fruiting, adjust the temperature, humidity, and light during the development period of mushroom buds, and use physical, biological, and chemical methods to prevent and control miscellaneous bacteria and pests; Timely harvested and carried out rejuvenation cultivation to promote the growth of second crop mushrooms. The research results provided references for improving the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms and promoting sustainable development of related industries.

The green, high-quality, and efficient cultivation techniques for tomatoes were summarized and analyzed. The technical points of tomatoes cultivation were mainly analyzed in detail from 4 aspects: tomatoes seed selection and seedling cultivation, transplanting and planting, field management, and prevention and control of major diseases and pests. Seed selection and seedling cultivation included site selection, land preparation and bed raising, sufficient base fertilizer application, and variety and seedling selection. Transplanting and planting included planting with pesticides, planting time and quantity, field management throughout the growth period of tomatoes, and prevention and control of major diseases and pests such as bacterial wilt, leaf mold, and stem rot. Tomato green, high-quality and efficient cultivation requires selecting high-quality varieties based on local conditions; Paid attention to proper pruning, adopt scientific fertilization methods, and supplement trace elements; Promoted roots and fruits in the early stage of tomatoes growth, and nourish roots and fruits in the middle and late stages; The prevention and control of diseases and pests required precise identification of the type of pest and disease, scientific application of pesticides, and active prevention. The results provided references for tomatoes cultivation.

The key cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice in the research area. During the planting period, site selection, soil preparation, bottom fertilization, scaffolding and seedling management were completed. During the growth period, the techniques of bud erasing, top picking and pruning were put forward, while also implementing timely fertilizer and water management as well as disease and pest control. Harvesting period, combined with different maturity periods for harvesting and storage preservation. The research results provided references for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims and the development of related industries.

Xianke 904 was a maize variety developed by crossbreeding RF195 as the female parent and RF196 as the male parent. The breeding process, characteristic features, and supporting high-yield cultivation techniques of this variety were summarized. This variety was planted in the mechanized grain harvesting area of summer maize in Guanzhong, Shaanxi. It had the characteristics of suitable growth period, good fruiting, developed root system, strong resistance to lodging and bending, and good comprehensive resistance. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting seeds, soil preparation and fertilization, timely sowing, timely weeding, field management, and timely harvesting. The research results provided references for the demonstration and promotion of this variety, as well as achieving higher yield and quality.

In order to understand the main characters of different varieties of cucumber and provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of cucumber industry in Yantai, a field experiment was conducted to compare the characters and yields of plants, leaves and fruits of three varieties of cucumber in Yantai, and to measure and analyze the nutrients in the fruits and evaluate the sensory quality. The three varieties of Yantai cucumber have their own characteristics, ‘Newly Improved Yantai Cucumber’ has the highest yield and vitamin C content, ‘Laizhou Green Cucumber’ has the highest single melon weight, and ‘Haiyang White Cucumber’ has the most popular sensory quality. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the breeding and improvement of cucumber varieties, and emphasize the importance of considering disease resistance in subsequent research.

Based on the production practice in the research area, the efficient cultivation and management technology system of Illicium verum forest from the aspects of grafting seedling (scion collection, rootstock selection and preparation, grafting methods, and seedling management), afforestation (forest selection, land preparation, density selection, and planting), young forest management, forest management (weeding, fertilization, reclamation, forest intercropping, and density control), pest control, and fruit harvesting and processing were explored and summarized in this article. The purpose was to increase the yield of Illicium verum forest and provided references for the sustainable development of related industries.

Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

Based on the daily meteorological data, such as precipitation, rain days and sunshine duration during the flowering and fruiting stages (from November to April) of strawberry in greenhouse of Cixi City from 2012 to 2021, both occurrence frequency and intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days in Northern Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Meanwhile, a comparative experiment was conducted regarding the application effects between silver-black mulch films (the upper layer adopts a silver mulch film while the lower layer adopts a black one) and black mulch film onto strawberry greenhouse. According to the findings, the probability of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 17.7% during the flowering and fruiting stages of greenhouse strawberry in Cixi City from 2012 to 2020, with their occurrence frequency of a slightly declining trend, and their linear trend coefficient was -0.005; the average intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 6.3, with their occurrence intensity of an increasing trend, and their linear trend coefficient was 0.0264. The most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days took place in November while the least took place in April. November saw the most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days that lasted for over 7 days, followed by January. In the low-temperature winter and spring, both kinds of mulching modes could effectively raise and maintain the shallow soil temperature at or above 10℃; the shallow soil temperature of the silver-black-film-treated group was lower than that of the black-film-treated group, and the average temperature of the former group was 0.4℃ lower than that of the latter group; the total solar radiation of the silver-black-film-treated group was 9.1 w/m² higher in average than that of the black-film-treated group. In the early producing stage (from December to February), the average yield of strawberries treated with silver and black films was 3629.4 kg/hm² while the average yield of strawberries treated with black film was 2951.1 kg/hm², thus realizing an increase of 20%. Silver-black-film treatment exerted certain promoting effect on the SPAD value of strawberry leaf, the soluble solid and the transverse fruit diameter. Therefore, in the production, covering silver-black mulch films can improve the micro-climatic environment in the greenhouse and achieve the role of increasing production and income of strawberries.