Cordyceps chanhua is an important Chinese traditional medicine and food, that has important application value in the development of green functional food and new resource drugs. Taking one wild fungi Chanhua collected from Qujing of Yunnan province as the experimental material, the biological characteristics and artificial cultivation conditions were studied for the purpose of domestication and cultivation. Based on the morphological anatomy and molecular phylogenetic analysis, a wild ascomycetes was identified as C. chanhua. The biological characteristics and domestication of C. chanhua strain were studied by single factor experiments and orthogonal tests. The result showed that the branch stalk of C. chanhua was orange yellow or yellow white, (8.0-28.0)mm×(1.5-3.0)mm, and the conidia was oblong, (4.0-8.5)µm×(1.5-3.5)µm. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 24 ℃, the optimum pH value was 6, the carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salt was sucrose, yeast powder and magnesium sulfate respectively. The results of orthogonal test based on three factors under the optimum pH value and temperature showed that carbon source had the greatest impact on the mycelial growth, followed by nitrogen source and mineral salt, with range 1.21, 0.39 and 0.13 respectively. Therefore, the optimal combination of factors for the mycelial growth of C. chanhua was sucrose 20 g/L, yeast powder 2 g/L and magnesium sulfate 2 g/L. The artificial cultivation of C. chanhua utilized the 1∶1 mixed medium of wheat and rice, and the harvest cycle of fruiting body was about 40-45 days, and the average dry weight of each cultivated Chanhua was about 9.56 g. The external morphological characteristics of artificially harvested C. chanhua were significantly different from those of wild fruiting body. The fruiting body was yellowish to light yellow, with few branches, 1.5-5.0 cm in length, 0.3-0.8 cm in width and 0.1-0.2 cm in depth. The sporangium bundles were covered with dirty white flocculent or powdery conidia. The screening of excellent strains and optimal culture conditions of C. chanhua would provide a theoretical basis for its study on the diversity of germplasm resources, protection and utilization.

The planting area of rice stubble rapeseed in China is mainly in the winter rapeseed area of the Yangtze River Basin. In recent years, the yield of rice stubble rapeseed has been continuously increasing, and the planting area has also steadily improved, making important contributions to the safety of oil crops in China. However, with the promotion and application of light and simplified cultivation techniques for mid to late maturing rice varieties in the winter rapeseed area of the Yangtze River Basin, the maturity period of rice has been significantly delayed, leading to further compression of the pre winter growth time of rapeseed. The area of late sowing and over late sowing of rapeseed has been increasing year by year, which seriously restricted the production potential of rapeseed. The phenomenon of late sowing of rapeseed in the rice oil dual cropping areas of the Yangtze River Basin is particularly prominent, and has become a widespread concern for many scholars. This article aims to identify important issues in late sowing rapeseed production by analyzing the current situation of late sowing rapeseed and related high-yield limiting factors. Through the analysis of the current situation of late sowing, we aim to improve the quality and yield of rapeseed in rice oil rotation areas. The use of advanced cultivation techniques can reduce the impact of late sowing of rapeseed, and provide theoretical reference for promoting the vigorous development of the future rapeseed industry.