The production and planting experience of a family farm in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui Province was combined, and the suitable environment, facility conditions, and key cultivation techniques for the growth of Morchella were summarized and analyzed. The cultivation of this fungus should be carried out on land with good air quality, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The soil should be loose, weakly alkaline, and well-permeable sandy loam; the cultivation facilities mainly consist of solar greenhouses, equipped with drip irrigation belts and atomization devices. The key points of facility cultivation techniques include selecting excellent varieties with mushroom shape, color, stable seed quality, thick meat texture, and high-yield; carry out soil plowing, disinfection, and prepare external nutrient packages before sowing; fine sowing, cover with black plastic film; do a good job in post-sowing management such as watering and mulching, temperature and light regulation, nutrient package placement, and mushroom urging; manage the mushroom production period in accordance with the requirements of each period; comprehensively applying agricultural methods, physical methods, biotechnology, and chemical techniques to effectively prevent and control bacterial contamination and pest infestations during the growth process of mushrooms; according to the principle of “picking large and keeping small”, harvest in a timely manner, and store or transport in a timely manner after harvesting. This article provides references for the development of facility cultivation industry of Morchella.

To understand the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide martine on the fertility of peach aphids, this experiment evaluated the effects of martine toxicity and sublethal doses (LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₇₀) on adult aphids of Myzus persicae. The results showed that the LC₅₀ of martine against Myzus persicae was 9.66 mg/L, and the LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀ and LC₇₀ against Myzus persicae were 0.17, 0.69, 1.86, 50.16 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentration of martine can significantly reduce the fertility, longevity, and survival rate of adult Myzus persicae. The life span of adult Myzus persicae in LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₇₀ treatment groups was shortened by 0.9, 1.4, 1.9, 3.1 and 4.1 d, respectively. The limiting growth rate (λ), net value-added rate (R₀), average generation period (T), total fertility (GRR), and intrinsic growth rate (r_m) of Myzus persicae in sublethal concentration treatment groups were lower than those in the control group. It is concluded that the sublethal concentration of martine has a lethal effect on the growth of Myzus persicae population.

The changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased Polygonatum cyrtonema under varied cultivation modes were studied to provide theoretical support for the rational cultivation of P. cyrtonema and the targeted improvement of soil microbial community. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, the Paired-end was used to systematically analyze the changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased P. cyrtonema that planted in the field and understory. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants under different cultivation patterns. Compared with the field cultivation, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount and the relative abundance of Ascomycota (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly increased in understory cultivation, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Fusarium genera (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly decreased. Except for the 2a healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal diversity of P. cyrtonema planted in understory was significantly higher than that in field. Among them, the Ace index and Chao1 index of the 2a diseased plants, 4a healthy plants and 4a diseased plants in the understory cultivation were 9.09%, 20.95%, 24.22% and 24.36%, 12.19% and 12.27% higher than those in field, respectively. Compared with healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount of 2a diseased plants in field and 4a diseased plants in understory were significantly reduced, but the relative abundance of Fusarium genera in the rhizosphere soil of 4a diseased plants was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity index between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema under different cultivation modes (P>0.05). In conclusion, there were large differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and fungal diversity between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema plants under different cultivation modes, and the relative abundance of harmful fungal genera, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil, was one of the important reasons for the occurrence of P. cyrtonema root rot.

Anke 1618 is a new semi-winter wheat variety with Shiyou 17 as the mother and Zhoumai 18 as the father. It had the characteristics of high-yield, stable-yield, wide adaptability and strong disease resistance. The breeding process, agronomic traits such as whole growth period, plant height, panicle number and yield of this variety were summarized and analyzed. The average yield of this variety was 8 468.4 kg/hm² in the regional experiment of Wanhuai wheat complex in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In the 2020-2021 production test, the average yield was 8 501.3 kg/hm², and the yield increase point rate of multiple tests was more than 60%. Its comprehensive agronomic traits were good, disease resistance was better, quality was superior; high-yield cultivation emphasized uniform seed mixing and selecting suitable sowing dates; reasonable fertilization; field management focused on seedling inspection and supplementation, winter irrigation, comprehensive prevention and control of pests, diseases, and weeds, as well as field impurity removal. The research provides references for the cultivation and popularization of this variety in the north of Huaihe River and Huaihe River region.

To screen foxtail millet varieties with strong salt tolerance, Chenggu No.13 and other 40 foxtail millet varieties were treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl solution under salt stress, and the control group was distilled water. Six indicators including relative germination potential, relative germination index and relative germination rate of foxtail millet during germination were measured. The correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the relative germination potential, germination rate and germination index of the Rehejinmi were the highest, the germination salt damage rate was the lowest, and the salt tolerance was strong. Correlation analysis showed that the relative germination potential was positively correlated with the relative germination rate and the relative germination index, the relative germination rate was positively correlated with the relative germination index, the relative germination index was positively correlated with the relative root length, and the relative root length was positively correlated with the relative bud length. Principal component analysis converted five indexes, including relative germination potential, into 2 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 85.675%. The relative germination index and relative root length could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the salt tolerance of sorghum during germination. The comprehensive evaluation by the membership function method showed that the Rehejinmi had the largest D value and the strongest salt tolerance, while that from Chengsi No.9 had the smallest D value and the worst salt tolerance. The 40 foxtail millet varieties were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. Among them, the salt-tolerant varieties Rehejinmi, the salt-tolerant varieties 20-M919 and 20-M841, the moderately salt-tolerant varieties included Shanxihonggu, Yugu No.1 and Chenggu No.15, and the salt-sensitive varieties included 29 varieties such as Chengsi No.9, Chenggu No.20, and Chenggu No.14. The results provide a reference basis for foxtail millet planting in saline-alkali land.

The parental sources, breeding process, characteristic characteristics, and high-yield cultivation techniques of Tianyikedou 21 were elaborated. This variety is a high-yield and high-quality soybean variety selected through pedigree method with Wansu 2156 as the female parent and Jidou 17 as the male parent. The 2-year regional trial and 1-year production trial results showed that this variety had a high-yield; the plant height was suitable and can resist lodging; the grain was high in oil and protein content. Its high-yield cultivation techniques include pre-sowing preparation such as soil preparation and seed treatment; sowing seeds in a timely manner according to weather conditions, soil moisture, and quality; reasonable planting density; carrying out field management such as seedling inspection, thinning, tillage, and weeding; timely prevention and control of soybean root rot, stink bugs, aphids, planthoppers and other pests and diseases; timely and early mechanical harvesting to prevent mechanical mixing. The soybean variety Tianyikedou 21 has high-yield and high-quality characteristics; providing references for its promotion and application in the Huai River region in Anhui Province and surrounding areas.

Handou 13 has been widely used in soybean and corn belt compound planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has obtained high-yield and benefit. The high-yield cultivation techniques of the ribbon compound of this variety were summarized and analyzed. This soybean variety had the characteristics of shade tolerance, high oil content, density tolerance, lodging resistance, high-yield, and suitable mechanical harvesting when planted in this area. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting coated soybean seeds to prevent underground pest infestation and increase germination rate; planting soybean and corn in a 4∶2 ratio to ensure appropriate density. In terms of field management, proper watering should be done during the grain filling period, nutrients should be added according to crop needs, insect pests such as soybean spot bug and whitefly should be prevented scientifically, and take measures such as soil sealing and stem and leaf control to prevent weeds in the field, etc., so as to improve yield potential. Timely and appropriate spraying of plant growth regulators to control vigorous plant growth; choose joint harvesting machinery for timely harvesting, etc. This article provides references for the application of this variety in soybean corn ribbon compound planting.

The industry of Anji white tea as the core agricultural industry is an important starting point for rural revitalization in Anji, Zhejiang. Establishment of tea planting regionalization in Anji County will provide favorable support for planters to build an ecological tea plantation in this area. Based on meteorological observation data such as temperature and relative humidity, basic geographic data and soil data from 6 national meteorological observation stations and 49 encrypted automatic meteorological stations in Anji County and its surrounding areas, nine factors of meteorology, topography and soil were selected to carry out the fine simulation of spatial distribution, and the AHP method was used to establish the evaluation model of tea cultivation suitability zoning. Then the comprehensive regionalization of tea planting suitability was completed. The results show that the most suitable area for tea planting in Anji County is 623.09 km², which is distributed in Meixi Town, Xilong Township, Dipu Street, Changshuo Street and other areas in the north and middle of Anji County. The suitable area for tea planting is 622.46 km², which is distributed in the north and middle of the county, such as Dipu Street, Xiaofeng Town, Zhangwu Town, the west of Hanggai Town, and the north of Tianhuangping town; The dimensions of unsuitable cultivation area is 441.43 km², which is mainly distributed in the south of the county, including Zhangcun Town, Baofu Town, Shangshu Town, south of Tianhuangping town and Shanchuan town. Through the regionalization of the suitability of tea cultivation in Anji County, this paper provides a reference for the selection of geographical location for Anji white tea planting, and provides ideas for the high-quality production of tea seedlings.

This study explores the demand for low temperature accumulation during the germination process of apricot trees and analyzes the impact of warm winter phenomena caused by global warming on apricot yield. In this study, using the high-quality apricot variety ‘Haitanghong’ and its bud variant ‘Zaoyan’ from southern China as experimental materials, through transcriptomic analysis of 550 hours of treatment at 4℃, 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many were associated with plant hormones and protein dephosphorylation. By observing the branch color of the two varieties under low-temperature treatments, we found that the cultivar with the lower chilling requirement was more tolerant to cold. These results suggest that compared to ‘Haitanghong’, ‘Zaoyan’ has a lower low-temperature requirement, and the difference in chilling requirements between the two varieties may be related to plant hormones and post-transcriptional modification. And the reason for these differences of alternative splicing may be associated with the varied chilling requirement in the two cultivars. These results can provide a reference for mitigating the decrease of apricot yield under climate warming.

The aim is to explore the effects of different formula fertilizations on the growth, quality and yield of tomato cultivated in facility substrate, aiming to screen out high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency fertilization schemes. Taking large tomato ‘1437’ as the test variety, different concentrations of potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein were added on the basis of the Dutch formula to fertilize tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate. The growth indexes and fruit quality indexes of tomato plants were measured, and the effects of different fertilization formulas on the quality and yield of tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis. The results showed that after applying the formula (T9) with 50% increase in potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein on the basis of the Dutch formula, the main root length of tomato plants increased by 75.84% compared with the application of the Dutch formula (CK treatment). The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato plants treated with T₉ were significantly increased by 73% and 70.07% respectively compared with CK treatment. The fresh root weight and dry root weight of tomato treated with T₉ were significantly increased by 60.45% and 99.29% respectively compared with CK treatment. The soluble sugar content of tomato fruits treated with T9 was the highest, which was increased by 106.45% compared with CK treatment. The soluble solids of tomato treated with T9 were the highest, reaching 4.7%, which was significantly increased by 14.63% compared with CK treatment. The yield per plant of tomato treated with T9 was significantly increased by 38.96% compared with CK treatment. Thus, T9 treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of tomato plants, increased the material accumulation of tomato plants, improved the quality of tomato fruits and increased the yield of tomatoes.

To scientifically guide the planting and management of regenerated rice and promote the promotion and application of related cultivation techniques. The cultivation practice of regenerated rice in Taoyuan County, Changde, Hunan Province was combined, the specific key points of its “six suitability and three high” cultivation techniques were summarized and analyzed. This technology was developed by suitable varieties (selecting rice varieties with suitable growth periods, good comprehensive resistance, excellent rice quality, and high annual yield), timely sowing (ensuring full heading before the arrival of cold dew winds during the regeneration season), moderate planting (field planting amount of 26.25-30.00 kg/hm²), suitable management (scientific water management, rational fertilization, prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and timely harvestiong), suitable machinery (choosing specialized harvesting machinery for regenerated rice or replace narrow tracks to reduce the area of rice pile compaction), and appropriate pile retention (regenerated rice emergence was affected by factors such as temperature and variety characteristics, with a suitable pile height of 20-40 cm). Based on the current situation of regenerated rice cultivation in the research area from 2020 to 2023, through the application of this technology,the high yield, high quality, and high efficiency of regenerated rice have been achieved. The research results provide references for promoting sustainable production of regenerated rice.

The research on asexual propagation and seeds propagation of Magnoliaceae plants was reviewed. Asexual propagation of seedlings is beneficial for plants to reproduce rapidly and massively, as well as maintain the excellent characteristics of the variety; techniques such as cutting, grafting, and tissue culture are often applied in the industrial seedlings cultivation and auxiliary research of Magnoliaceae plants. Seeds propagation has many advantages such as rich genetic diversity, economic applicability, and easy portability. In response to the possible occurrence of mold and rot in seeds of Magnoliaceae plants during storage and germination, methods such as soaking and soil disinfection can be adopted to avoid seed mold and rot; the seeds of this family have morphological and physiological dormancy characteristics, which can be broken by soaking them in gibberellins, strong oxidants, or low-temperature stratification to increase their germination rate. The research results provide references for the protection and industrial development of Magnoliaceae plant resources.

With the continuous improvement in rice cultivation techniques, China has maintained a high rice production level of about 210 million tons over the past decade. Direct-seeding rice cultivation technology, recognized for its efficiency and simplicity, has been favored by Chinese farmers. However, controversies persist regarding direct-seeding rice compared to transplanted rice in national-scale production. Thus, this study employed meta-analysis techniques to quantify disparities in grain yield, economic benefit, rice quality, lodging characteristic, and greenhouse gas emissions between direct-seeding rice and transplanted rice. Our results indicated that direct-seeding rice significantly reduced grain yield by an average of 6.3% relative to transplanted rice, which was main due to the reduced total spikelet (-3.8%) and filled-grain percentage (-1.8%). In different planting systems in China, the yield of direct-seeding rice had significantly decreased compared to transplanted rice, and the direct-seeding rice-induced reductions in yield of single rice (-10.9%) and late rice (-13.1%) were higher than those of middle rice (-4.8%) and early rice (-4.4%). The grain yield reductions for direct-seeding rice were from 10% to 20% in Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces, meanwhile Heilongjiang and Jiangxi provinces saw reductions of 5% to 10%, but it had no significant effect in other provinces. Direct-seeding rice resulted in comparable net economic return relative to transplanted rice (p> 0.05). Direct-seeding rice reduced milled rice rate (-3.1%) and gel consistency (-3.5%), improved appearance quality (chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree, which decreased by 25.3% and 22.5%, respectively), whereas no significant effects were observed on nutrition quality and taste value. Direct-seeding rice increased lodging index at base of the first (+12.4%) and third (+10.3%) internodes, but not at the second internode, indicating an increase in risk of lodging relative to transplanted rice. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, direct-seeding rice fields showed reductions in methane emissions (-42.8%), global warming potential (-36.2%), and greenhouse gas intensity (-41.1%) compared to transplanted rice fields, while promoting nitrous oxide emissions (+29.1%). In addition, a review was recounted on nitrogen utilization and its loss, water and energy use efficiency, and weed incidence. Finally, the recommendations for the future advancement of direct-seeding rice were proposed, main focusing on rice variety breeding, rice cultivation technique optimization, rice planting area layout, as well as policies and services with the goal of technological innovation and regionalized application of direct-seeding rice cultivation technology in China.

To cultivate new and high-quality innovation comprehensive talents and expand the direction of forest germplasm innovation, under the background of “new forestry science”, the teaching status of Forestry major non breeding Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding course was explored in terms of student professional foundation, textbook selection, teaching content, and assessment methods. Based on the characteristics of the Forest Conservation Science major, would put into practice the teaching reform of this course, including consolidating students’ professional knowledge foundation, selecting diversified textbooks, adjusting teaching content accordingly, and transforming assessment and evaluation methods. To enhance teaching effectiveness and provide references for the teaching reform of this course in non breeding Forestry majors.

The green cultivation techniques for shiitake mushrooms in greenhouse construction, strain inoculation, and post inoculation management, and other aspects were summarized and analyzed. Choosen land with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation, and abundant water sources to construct mushroom boron; Selected high-quality mushroom varieties, suitable cultivation substrates, strictly disinfect and bag for inoculation; After vaccination, ensure proper management of bacterial growth, removal from bags, and promotion of buds; After fruiting, adjust the temperature, humidity, and light during the development period of mushroom buds, and use physical, biological, and chemical methods to prevent and control miscellaneous bacteria and pests; Timely harvested and carried out rejuvenation cultivation to promote the growth of second crop mushrooms. The research results provided references for improving the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms and promoting sustainable development of related industries.

The green, high-quality, and efficient cultivation techniques for tomatoes were summarized and analyzed. The technical points of tomatoes cultivation were mainly analyzed in detail from 4 aspects: tomatoes seed selection and seedling cultivation, transplanting and planting, field management, and prevention and control of major diseases and pests. Seed selection and seedling cultivation included site selection, land preparation and bed raising, sufficient base fertilizer application, and variety and seedling selection. Transplanting and planting included planting with pesticides, planting time and quantity, field management throughout the growth period of tomatoes, and prevention and control of major diseases and pests such as bacterial wilt, leaf mold, and stem rot. Tomato green, high-quality and efficient cultivation requires selecting high-quality varieties based on local conditions; Paid attention to proper pruning, adopt scientific fertilization methods, and supplement trace elements; Promoted roots and fruits in the early stage of tomatoes growth, and nourish roots and fruits in the middle and late stages; The prevention and control of diseases and pests required precise identification of the type of pest and disease, scientific application of pesticides, and active prevention. The results provided references for tomatoes cultivation.

The key cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims were summarized and analyzed based on its production practice in the research area. During the planting period, site selection, soil preparation, bottom fertilization, scaffolding and seedling management were completed. During the growth period, the techniques of bud erasing, top picking and pruning were put forward, while also implementing timely fertilizer and water management as well as disease and pest control. Harvesting period, combined with different maturity periods for harvesting and storage preservation. The research results provided references for high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Passiflora edulis Sims and the development of related industries.

Xianke 904 was a maize variety developed by crossbreeding RF195 as the female parent and RF196 as the male parent. The breeding process, characteristic features, and supporting high-yield cultivation techniques of this variety were summarized. This variety was planted in the mechanized grain harvesting area of summer maize in Guanzhong, Shaanxi. It had the characteristics of suitable growth period, good fruiting, developed root system, strong resistance to lodging and bending, and good comprehensive resistance. Its high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting seeds, soil preparation and fertilization, timely sowing, timely weeding, field management, and timely harvesting. The research results provided references for the demonstration and promotion of this variety, as well as achieving higher yield and quality.

In order to understand the main characters of different varieties of cucumber and provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of cucumber industry in Yantai, a field experiment was conducted to compare the characters and yields of plants, leaves and fruits of three varieties of cucumber in Yantai, and to measure and analyze the nutrients in the fruits and evaluate the sensory quality. The three varieties of Yantai cucumber have their own characteristics, ‘Newly Improved Yantai Cucumber’ has the highest yield and vitamin C content, ‘Laizhou Green Cucumber’ has the highest single melon weight, and ‘Haiyang White Cucumber’ has the most popular sensory quality. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the breeding and improvement of cucumber varieties, and emphasize the importance of considering disease resistance in subsequent research.

Based on the production practice in the research area, the efficient cultivation and management technology system of Illicium verum forest from the aspects of grafting seedling (scion collection, rootstock selection and preparation, grafting methods, and seedling management), afforestation (forest selection, land preparation, density selection, and planting), young forest management, forest management (weeding, fertilization, reclamation, forest intercropping, and density control), pest control, and fruit harvesting and processing were explored and summarized in this article. The purpose was to increase the yield of Illicium verum forest and provided references for the sustainable development of related industries.

Based on the current breeding status of potatoes, the aspects that need further improvement, and corresponding development strategies and suggestions were summarized and analyzed. At present, potato breeding was mainly based on its asexual reproduction characteristics, which had the advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, and ensuring the purity of potato seeds. Meanwhile, it was necessary to do a good job in potato seed potato detoxification, pest control, and field management. In the breeding process, it was necessary to further improve the collection of potato variety resources, the production capacity of seed potatoes, the production technology of seed potatoes, the quality of virus-free seed potatoes, and the processing capacity of potato products. Development strategies for potato breeding work were proposed, including establishing a good breeding environment, scientifically introducing potato varieties, innovating potato breeding methods, and innovating production equipment and technology, to provide references for promoting the standardized and rational development of the potato industry.

Based on the daily meteorological data, such as precipitation, rain days and sunshine duration during the flowering and fruiting stages (from November to April) of strawberry in greenhouse of Cixi City from 2012 to 2021, both occurrence frequency and intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days in Northern Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Meanwhile, a comparative experiment was conducted regarding the application effects between silver-black mulch films (the upper layer adopts a silver mulch film while the lower layer adopts a black one) and black mulch film onto strawberry greenhouse. According to the findings, the probability of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 17.7% during the flowering and fruiting stages of greenhouse strawberry in Cixi City from 2012 to 2020, with their occurrence frequency of a slightly declining trend, and their linear trend coefficient was -0.005; the average intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 6.3, with their occurrence intensity of an increasing trend, and their linear trend coefficient was 0.0264. The most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days took place in November while the least took place in April. November saw the most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days that lasted for over 7 days, followed by January. In the low-temperature winter and spring, both kinds of mulching modes could effectively raise and maintain the shallow soil temperature at or above 10℃; the shallow soil temperature of the silver-black-film-treated group was lower than that of the black-film-treated group, and the average temperature of the former group was 0.4℃ lower than that of the latter group; the total solar radiation of the silver-black-film-treated group was 9.1 w/m² higher in average than that of the black-film-treated group. In the early producing stage (from December to February), the average yield of strawberries treated with silver and black films was 3629.4 kg/hm² while the average yield of strawberries treated with black film was 2951.1 kg/hm², thus realizing an increase of 20%. Silver-black-film treatment exerted certain promoting effect on the SPAD value of strawberry leaf, the soluble solid and the transverse fruit diameter. Therefore, in the production, covering silver-black mulch films can improve the micro-climatic environment in the greenhouse and achieve the role of increasing production and income of strawberries.

In order to scientifically put forward the optimal cultivation factor combination of sowing density and fertilizer amount for no-tillage forage rape in mountainous areas, the agronomic traits and yield benefits of no-till mountain forage rape with 9 cultivation factors combined in the same high-altitude pilot in Yuxi from 2019 to 2021 were compared using grey correlation degree and stepwise regression analysis methods. The results showed, (1) the growth period was shortened with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of the last two sowing dates were 10 d and 20 d shorter than that of the first date. (2) Plant height, effective number of corner fruits per plant, fresh forage weight per plant and yield of fresh harvested grass showed a decreasing trend with the delay of sowing date. (3)The correlation degree between forage yield and main agronomic factors was significantly different in different cultivation combinations. (4) The fresh grass yield of 9 combinations in different years had different degrees of difference. (5) With the delay of sowing date, the output value and benefit of rape forage grass showed an obvious decreasing trend. The optimal cultivation factor combination of forage rape in high altitude mountainous areas is sowing on September 20 + planting density 3.0×10⁵-3.6×10⁵ plants/hm² + urea application amount at 5 leaf stage 450-525 kg/hm².

In order to establish a set of flow cytometry application methods that can rapidly and accurately identify the ploidy of tetraploid Chinese cabbage, 12 vegetable crops with known ploidy were used to verify the results of ploidy detection by flow cytometry. At the same time, diploid Chinese cabbage ‘Jibai 4’ and tetraploid Chinese cabbage ‘Duowei 462’, ‘Duo 505’ and ‘Duoyu 2’ were selected as materials, and the ploidy identification was carried out in different periods and parts of the plant, so as to screen out the suitable sampling periods and parts. The results showed that 12 vegetables with known ploidy verified the accuracy and reliability of the flow cytometry results used in this experiment; the ploidy detection results of young cotyledons taken from ‘Jibai 4’, ‘Duowei 462’, ‘Duo 505’ and ‘Duoyu 2’ during the cotyledon stage were consistent with known ploidy. Therefore, the young cotyledons at the cotyledon stage are the best time and place for ploidy sampling in Chinese cabbage.

Liangyou 7871 is a hybrid rice variety developed by crossbreeding 178S and R71, characterized by early maturity, lodging resistance, high quality, high yield, and stable production. The breeding process, characteristics, high yield cultivation, and seed production techniques of this variety were summarized and analyzed. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2016 to 2017, this variety had a full growth period of 130 days, an average yield of 9.51 t/hm², excellent appearance quality, good palatability, and good disease resistance. High yield cultivation techniques focused on cultivating strong seedlings, controlling ineffective tillers, striving for effective panicle numbers, promoting large panicles, improving seed setting rates, and emphasis was placed on preventing and controlling rice blast disease, rice planthopper, and other diseases. The key points of seed production technology included reasonable arrangement of sowing time, cultivation of strong seedlings, reasonable planting density, strengthening field management, and skillful spraying of gibberellic acid plant growth regulator. The research results provided references for the cultivation of this variety as a mid season rice, wheat stubble live broadcast, nice and regenerated rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

To seek a highyield and stable cultivation model of Pleurotus citrinopileatus in the southern region, its biological efficiency and economic benefits were improved, comparative experiments were conducted on 11 formulas including corn cob, corn cob mixed wood chips, cottonseed hulls, and miscellaneous wood chips cottonseed hulls, as well as 6 cultivation methods including ground stacking cultivation in ordinary cultivation rooms (A₁) and ground stacking cultivation in air-conditioned cultivation rooms (A₂), using common production steps such as mixing, bagging, sterilization, boiling, inoculation, mycelial cultivation, mushroom management, and harvesting compared and tested. The results showed that the single sugarcane bagasse formula 10 had the highest pollution rate, which was 11.67%; The single cottonseed shell formula 5 had a higher pollution rate, which was 5.33%; And the mixed sawdust cottonseed shell formula 7 had the highest biological efficiency, which was 110.86%; The biological efficiency of a single corn cob formula 3 was the lowest, at 61.26%; The biological efficiency of the mixed formula 11 of mango sawdust and sugarcane bagasse was average, at 82.35%. From the perspective of cost and economic benefits, selecting local materials to optimize the cultivation method of Pleurotus citrinopileatus was beneficial for improving economic benefits; Cultivating in a regular grid frame cultivation room （C₁） results in considerable economic benefits. This may provide references for the optimal and highquality production of this species.

To explore efficient and environmentally friendly apple cultivation techniques, and improve their yield and quality, the advantages of apple bag-free cultivation technology, as well as the key points of bag-free cultivation and pest control technology were summarized and analyzed. The bag-free cultivation technique could reduce production costs, improve fruit quality, and had high economic and social benefits. The key points of apple bag-free cultivation techniques included reasonable site selection and planning, selection of excellent fruit tree varieties, scientific fertilization, timely irrigation, and pruning and shaping. The prevention and control of diseases and pests included comprehensive measures such as agriculture, biology, chemistry, and physics. It was necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, detect them in a timely manner, and take corresponding measures. The research results provided references for apple cultivation and diseases and pests control.

The aim of this study is to identify biological diets that effectively enhance gonadal development and spawning in T. tridentatus. Five groups of biological diets were administered to T. tridentatus, comprising Ruditapes philippinarus (A), Perinereis bidentata (B), Ostreagigas (C), R. philippinarus + P. bidentata combination (D), and Ostreagigas + P. bidentata combination (E). The effects of different diets on the quality of offspring were analyzed by comparing the egg diameter, hatching rate and the width of the first-age larva's cuticle, and the effects of different diets on reproductive performance were evaluated. The results showed that the number and frequency of spawning in group D were higher than those of other test groups, followed by group E, and the number and quality of spawning in mixed test group were higher than those of single test group. R. philippinarus and P. bidentata are more suitable for the development of parent T. tridentatus gonadal enhanced culture, which can significantly promote the gonadal development and spawning. The conclusion of this study provides reference for the development of safe, efficient and high-quality gonadal ripening food for T. tridentatus.

【Objective】To develop high-yielding and FHB-resistant wheat cultivars in the Yellow and Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Zone (YHWZ), simultaneously improving of yield and resistance was conducted in this study.【Method】Using the elite parent dwarf male sterile (DMS) wheat combined with double haploid (DH) technology and molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) of Fhb1 (DMS wheat molecular breeding strategy), DH lines were developed using Sumai 3 as a donor (FHB- resistant parent) and Zhoumai 16’s DMS wheat, Zhoumai 16, Lunxuan 136 and Lunxuan 6 as recipient parents. The agronomic traits (plant height, heading date, yield, etc.) and FHB resistance were evaluated for these DH lines.【Result】A total of 51 Fhb1-DH lines characterized by facultative growth habit, semi-dwarf and white grains were selected using this strategy. The average number of infected spikelets of 51 lines were 5.7 and 7.3 at the 2020Henan and 2020Beijing sites, respectively, and average disease severities were 27.7% and 35.2%, which is not different from moderately susceptible control Huaimai 20. There was no significant difference in grain yield per hm² between the mean performance of the 51 lines and the control Zhoumai 18. DH116 (Lunxuan 20), a promising line from the 51 lines, was further evaluated for FHB resistance and agronomic traits in multiple environments. The resistance of Lunxuan 20 to FHB was significantly improved, and no significant difference was found in the number of infected spikelets or disease severity between Lunxuan 20 and moderately or highly resistant controls at four sites. Lunxuan 20 showed slightly greater grain yield per hm², and significantly higher number of spikelets per spike and thousand grain weight (P<0.05), earlier heading date and shorter plant height (P<0.05) than the control Zhoumai 18 in two environments. The grain yield per hm² of Lunxuan 20 was 4.6% and 1.7% higher than the control cultivar Bainong 207 in the two list trials of Henan Province, and 3.5% higher than Bainong 207 in the demonstration trial. Resistance of Lunxuan 20 to FHB ranged from moderate susceptibility to moderate resistance in two-year list tests using the single-floret injection and spray inoculation methods. Lunxuan 20 carries the semi-dwarfing gene Rht-D1b at the Rht-D1 locus, and the recessive alleles vrn-A1, vrn-B1 and vrn-D1 associated with the winter growth habit at the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 loci. Based on the wheat 660K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 64.7% of the SNPs were shared by Lunxuan 20 and its parents, and the direct genetic contributions of Zhoumai 16, Lunxuan 136, Lunxuan 6 and Sumai 3 to Lunxuan 20 were 69.8%, 12.6%, 6.1% and 11.5%, respectively.【Conclusion】A high-yielding and FHB-resistant wheat cultivar Lunxuan 20 was bred using the DMS wheat molecular breeding strategy.

The characteristics and direct seeding high-yield cultivation techniques of hybrid rice variety Shaandao No.12 were summarized and analyzed. This variety was planted in Hanzhong region, Shaanxi Province, and had the characteristics of early growth period, tolerance to dense planting, strong lodging resistance, good yield, and excellent rice quality. Its direct seeding high-yield cultivation techniques included selecting large fields, fine field management, seed treatment, timely sowing, scientific fertilization, reasonable water management, prevention and control of grass and pest, disease and pest control, and timely harvesting. The research results provide references for the breeding and promotion of high-yield and high-quality rice varieties in the study area.

In order to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture, improve land use efficiency, and increase farmers’ income, the cultivation model of watermelon-rice-green manure was integrated. The key cultivation techniques and benefits of this model were summarized and analyzed. Using the technique of small arch shed cultivation, watermelons were selected from early and middle maturing and high-quality varieties. Watermelons were planted in early April and harvested in June. When the garden was closed, healthy vines were left in the field as organic fertilizer for rice. High-yield and high-quality mid season rice varieties were selected for rice cultivation, with soft disk seedling cultivation, machine insertion at the end of June, and harvesting at the end of October. 15-20 days before harvesting, sprinkle milk vetch seeds as green manure. During the growth period of green manure, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention. In March of the following year, plow and return to the field. This model improves the annual benefits of farmland while stabilizing rice production, promotes the sustainable development of watermelon and rice industries, and effectively reduces the occurrence of field diseases and pests, achieving the effect of weight loss and drug reduction. It is conducive to the stable and high-yield of watermelon and rice, and the economic and ecological benefits are improved.

In order to screen suitable substrates for cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings, research on cultivation substrates using biochar as the main material was carried out. Statistical methods were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. In this study, a series of biochar by volume (2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%) and iron powder were added to coconut coir and then were used to plant the banana tissue culture seedlings. Potting trials were conducted in 2022 at the trial base of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Factors including the changes of matrix traits, plant growth and development, and NPK nutritional status during the seedling growth were monitored in order to screen out the proportion of biochar added to coconut coir. The results showed that the addition of biochar had no significant effect on most of the properties of coconut bran, but the addition of iron powder significantly reduced the content of the matrix available phosphorus. When the volume ratio of biochar added into coco coir was less than 20%, the dry matter of stems of banana seedlings significantly increased by 3.5%-193.8% and roots of banana seedlings significantly increased by 22.2%-39.8%, and the nitrogen and potassium content of seedlings significantly increased by 5.0%-182.9% (except for B₁₀I) and 7.1%-178.1%, which might indicate that the addition of biochar improved the nitrogen and potassium nutrition of banana tissue culture seedlings. However, adding more than 20% biochar in coconut coir inhibited the growth of banana seedlings though no significant effect on the properties of the substrate was detected. Furthermore, adding iron powder together with biochar into coconut coir greatly reduced the content of available phosphorus in the substrate and thereby inhibited the growth of the plant. In conclusion, the addition of 2%-10% volume ratio of biochar in coconut coir was suitable for the cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings, and had a broad application prospect.

The author briefly outlined the fundamental concepts of the Osmanthus fragrans colour group and categorized the existing new varieties based on leaf coloration-emerging into two types of monochromatic and polychromatic (chimera). This article elaborated on the three types of pigments presented in the leaves-chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, their contents and ratios, as well as the influencing factors and leaf color change mechanisms. Furthermore, it summarized the characteristics and current applications of cross-breeding, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering in O. fragrans. It also suggested strengthening the functional analysis of genes involved in the O. fragrans colour group and innovation in breeding technology, to obtain breakthrough new varieties with superior traits, strong adaptability, and excellent ornamental qualities, aiming to propel the continuous development of the O. fragrans colour group breeding program.

The paper aims to explore the possibility of maximizing various functions of Canna glauca by different cultivation methods. This study took C. glauca as the research object and simulated a growth environment similar to in situ as the control, established seven different cultivation methods including control, soil+ nutrient solution, soil+ water, substrate+ nutrient solution, substrate+ water, nutrient solution, and water. Seedlings were prepared by seed germination method, and were cultivated and managed artificially for 6 months. Plant vegetative growth (plant height, root length, tiller number, and leaf number of the highest tiller), reproductive growth (inflorescence number, ornamental period of inflorescence, numbers of mature capsule and seed), and the accumulation and allocation patterns of primary production among different plant organs (total plant production, aboveground production, underground production, production of reproductive organs) were investigated. The investigated data showed that all the data mentioned above reached their maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of nutrient solution, respectively reached their secondary maximum or highest value with the cultivation method of substrate + nutrient solution, and all respectively decreased to their minimum or lowest value with the cultivation method of water, in which the growth of C. glauca was the weakest and even the phenomenon of necrosis of growth points at the stem tip occurred in the later experimental stage. The results of data analyses showed that all the investigated data mentioned above increased and reached the significant level with the cultivation method of nutrient solution and decreased and reached the statistically significant level with the cultivation method of water than those in control. This study demonstrates that the cultivation method of nutrient solution not only satisfies the hydroponic nature of C. glauca, but also provides all the sufficient and balanced nutrient elements, which is most suitable for the growth of C. glauca. It is the preferred cultivation method for C. glauca as fresh cut flowers and potted flowers in the future.

To address the issue of differences in the quality formation of cultivated Scabiosa tschiliensis, wild and cultivated S. tschiliensis were used as experimental materials. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze the content of metabolites in the medicinal parts of wild and cultivated S. tschiliensis. The results showed that the content of the main bioactive compounds in wild S. tschiliensis was significantly higher than that in cultivated S. tschiliensis. The metabolites in the inflorescence of wild S. tschiliensis were different from those in cultivated S. tschiliensis. The content of some important amino acids related to abiotic stress (drought and salinity) was significantly higher in wild S. tschiliensis. The content of upstream compounds in phenylalanine and flavonoid synthesis in cultivated S. tschiliensis is higher, indicating that the initial stage of synthesis of secondary metabolites may be different.

The current distribution of zinc content in farmland soil, the impact of zinc on the nutritional quality of wheat grains, the absorption and accumulation characteristics of zinc by wheat, and the ways to enhance zinc nutrition in wheat grains were summarized and analyzed. The distribution pattern of zinc content in soil was closely related to topography, geological structure, and ecological environment. In some wheat producing areas, the zinc content in soil is relatively low. Zinc is an important trace element that affects the starch and protein content of wheat grains. It was generally absorbed by plant roots and transported to the aboveground part under pressure or transpiration, or horizontally transported to the phloem, where it was transported upwards or downwards and then transported to various tissues and organs. The ways to enhance zinc in wheat include genetic improvement breeding, agronomic improvement, and application biotechnology. The research results provide some new ideas for zinc-rich wheat breeding.

The rice variety Yongliangyou 206 was developed by crossbreeding 7-163S with Guifei Xiangzhan. It has a compact plant shape, upright leaf posture, and vigorous growth trend. The rice variety meets the second level standard of NY/T 593-2013 “Quality of Edible Rice Varieties”. Good anti overturning and heat resistance. In the regional trials from 2020 to 2021, the average yield of this variety was 9 325.6 kg/hm², the average yield of the production trial in 2022 was 8 953.8 kg/hm². This variety has comprehensive characteristics such as high yield, excellent rice quality, delicious taste, and strong resistance, it can be promoted and planted in the first season rice area and similar areas in Anhui Province. The high-yield cultivation techniques for its include strict selection and soaking of seeds, ensuring the achievement of functional panicles, constructing a population with high yield and suitable harvest time, etc. The efficient seed production techniques include safe seed production, flower time adjustment and germination rate increased. The research results provide reference for seed production and promotion of planting of this variety.

The application of green cultivation and intelligent precision management technology were summarized and analyzed in promoting wheat production, providing references for achieving efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable agricultural development. This technology utilized modern technologies such as sensors, remote sensing, and the Internet of Things to achieve real-time monitoring and precise control of wheat growth and environmental conditions. Through various means such as planting management, water and fertilizer management, pest control, and integrated harvesting and storage, it improved wheat production efficiency and product quality, while reducing resource waste and environmental pollution. The application of this technology was helpful for the rational planning of the cultivation scheme and the precise control of the whole process of crop growth and the environment. The purpose was to promote green cultivation and intelligent precision management technology to improve the yield and quality of wheat.