油茶杂交子代花器官性状的遗传分析

郭鑫淼，袁迎春，胡观兴，姜毅，李楠昕，龚文芳

植物遗传资源学报. 2023, 24(6): 1649-1658

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植物遗传资源学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6) : 1649-1658. DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230411001
论文

油茶杂交子代花器官性状的遗传分析

  • 郭鑫淼，袁迎春，胡观兴，姜毅，李楠昕，龚文芳
作者信息 +

Genetic Analysis of Floral Organ Traits in Hybrid Progenioes of Camellia oleifera

  • GUO Xinmiao, YUAN Yingchun, HU Guanxing, JIANG Yi, LI Nanxin, GONG Wenfang
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摘要

为分析油茶杂交子代花器官性状的变异程度、杂种优势及遗传倾向，以322株油茶杂交子代（徳油2×华硕）及其亲本为试材，调查花横径、花纵径、花瓣数、花药数、花柱裂数、雄蕊群长、花柱长和雌蕊长8个花器官数量性状，并进行遗传变异分析、正态性检验和概率分级、杂种优势分析及聚类分析。结果表明：（1）子代群体花器官性状变异系数区间为11.74%～22.10%，平均为16.26%。（2）K-S正态性检验和频率分布显示，花横径、花纵径、花药数和雄蕊群长符合正态分布；花瓣数和花柱长为双态分布；花柱裂数与雌蕊长呈偏态分布特征。频率分布占比最高的位于Ⅲ级，平均占比43.05%；Ⅴ级占比最低，平均为8.07%。（3）花器官各性状的中亲优势范围为-28.48%～5.65%，超高亲优势范围为-49.29%～-9.12%，超低亲优势范围在-18.06%～29.12%。除超高亲优势全为负值，存在一定程度的衰退现象外，其余2个优势度量指标呈现正负双向分布趋势，其中花柱裂数和花药数在中亲优势、超低亲优势中均表现为正向，优势明显且稳定；花柱长和雌蕊长在超低亲优势中显示为正值。相对遗传力分析结果显示，父本的花药数和花柱裂数优于母本，子代具有亲父倾向；其余6个数量性状中母本更占优势，子代倾向于母本特性。（4）聚类分析将试验材料分为三大类群，其中，第Ⅱ类群综合表现最优，具有较高的杂种优势利用价值。以上结果表明，杂交子代群体的遗传变异程度较高，杂种优势明显，可为丰富油茶综合评价体系以及早期优株筛选提供参考依据。

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the degree of variation， heterosis and genetic tendency of floral traits in hybrid progenies of Camellia oleifera. 322 hybrid progenies and their parents （DY2×HS） were analyzed at eight characters， including flower transverse diameter， flower longitudinal diameter， petal number， anthers number， style dehiscence number， stamens group length， style length and pistils length， followed by the genetic variation analysis， test of normality and probability grading， heterosis analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that： （1） The coefficient of variation ranged from 11.74% to 22.10%， with an average of 16.26%. （2） The normal distribution was observed at the flower transverse diameter， flower longitudinal diameter， anthers number and stamens group length， the bi-modal distribution was detected at the number of petals and style length， and the skewness distribution was detected at style dehiscence number and pistils length. The class III showed highest proportion of frequency distribution with an average of 43.05%， while grade V accounted for the lowest proportion， with an average of 8.07%. （3） The mid-parent heterosis of floral organs ranged from –28.48% to 5.65%， the ultra-high parent heterosis ranged from –49.29% to –9.12%， and the ultra-low parent heterosis ranged from –18.06% to 29.12%. Except for the ultra-high parent heterosis was all negative which suggested a certain degree of heterosis decline， the other two indicators showed a trend of positive and negative bidirectional distribution， among which the style dehiscence number and anthers number were positive in the mid-parent heterosis and the ultra-low parent heterosis， and the advantages were obvious and stable； the style length and the pistils length are positive in the ultra-low parent heterosis. The results of relative heritability showed that the male parent was superior than the female parent in number of anthers and style dehiscence， and the progenies had a paternal tendency. For the remaining 6 quantitative traits， female parent was more dominant and the progenies had a maternal characteristics. （4） The test materials were divided into three groups by cluster analysis， among which the group II had the best comprehensive performance and heterosis utilization value. These results demonstrate that hybrid progeny populations have a high degree of genetic variation and the heterosis of significance， which can provide a reference basis for enriching the comprehensive evaluation system of C. oleifera and screening of excellent individuals early.

关键词

数量性状 / 油茶花器官 / 杂种优势 / 遗传变异 / 杂交育种

Key words

quantitative traits / Camellia flower organs / heterosis / genetic variation / cross-breeding

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郭鑫淼，袁迎春，胡观兴，姜毅，李楠昕，龚文芳. 油茶杂交子代花器官性状的遗传分析. 植物遗传资源学报. 2023, 24(6): 1649-1658 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230411001
GUO Xinmiao,YUAN Yingchun,HU Guanxing,JIANG Yi,LI Nanxin,GONG Wenfang. Genetic Analysis of Floral Organ Traits in Hybrid Progenioes of Camellia oleifera. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(6): 1649-1658 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230411001

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