广西瘤果紫玉盘种质资源调查、收集与繁育

张尚文，杨天为，黄诗宇，李婷，高曼熔，田姗姗，何龙飞，张向军

植物遗传资源学报. 2023, 24(5): 1498-1506

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植物遗传资源学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5) : 1498-1506. DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230224001
研究简报

广西瘤果紫玉盘种质资源调查、收集与繁育

  • 张尚文1，杨天为1，黄诗宇1，李婷1，高曼熔1,2，田姗姗1,2，何龙飞2，张向军1
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Investigation， Collection and Breeding of Uvaria kweichowensis Resources in Guangxi

  • ZHANG Shangwen1, YANG Tianwei1, HUANG Shiyu1, LI Ting1, GAO Manrong1,2, TIAN Shanshan1,2, HE Longfei2, ZHANG Xiangjun1
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History +

摘要

中国特有植物瘤果紫玉盘（Uvaria kweichowensis），分布范围狭窄，数量稀少。为系统了解广西瘤果紫玉盘的资源数量、分布现状及资源利用等情况，2016-2022年作者团队通过实地走访、问卷调研等形式，对全区9个县开展了瘤果紫玉盘种质资源调查和种质收集工作，共收集到瘤果紫玉盘资源95份。调查结果显示：瘤果紫玉盘多年生藤本植物，成熟叶革质，主要分布在广西隆安县、天峨县等9个县共197株，生境为海拔650~1100 m之间的喀斯特石山区，依托乔木向上攀附生长，野生资源数量稀少，个体之间距离较远，基本上处于无保护状态，分布地群众有采集瘤果紫玉盘叶片治疗疾病或用于茶饮的习惯。通过种子播种、枝条扦插的形式开展了瘤果紫玉盘种质资源的繁育试验，结果表明不同来源的瘤果紫玉盘种子发芽率在25.7%~34.4%，扦插成活率在4.4%~14.4%，总体成活率较低。本研究探讨了瘤果紫玉盘受威胁的主要因素，提出了保护措施，为广西民族药瘤果紫玉盘种质资源的保护、挖掘和创新利用提供基本依据。

Abstract

Uvaria kweichowensis is a native plant species in China， and the wild populations are relatively small with narrowed geographic distribution. In order to systematically understand its quantity， distribution status and utilization in Guangxi province， we carried out the investigation and collection of Uvaria kweichowensis germplasm resources in nine counties through field visits and questionnaire surveys， and a total of 95 Uvaria kweichowensis sampleswere collected from 2016 to 2022. The survey results show that Uvaria kweichowensis is a perennial vine with mature leaf leathery， being mainly distributed in the karst rocky mountain area with the attitude of 650 to 1100 meters in nine counties such as Longan County and Tiane County in Guangxi. The number of germplasm resources in wild populations were scarce， and individuals often grew individually without protection. The local people have the traditional habit to collect the leaves of Uvaria kweichowensis for diseases treatment and tea drinking. In addition， we deployed the seed sowing or branch cottage， in order to collect and select the elite germplasm resources. The results showed that low survival rate of Uvaria kweichowensis， the germination rate of seeds from different sources was 25.7 % -34.4 %， and the survival rate of cuttings was 4.4%-14.4%. Collectively， this study discussed the main factors harmful to this species and the solution for protection of Uvaria kweichowensis， which might provide the reference for the protection， excavation and innovative utilization of the germplasm resources of Uvaria kweichowensis in Guangxi province， China.

关键词

瘤果紫玉盘 / 种质资源 / 调研 / 收集保护 / 繁育研究

Key words

Uvaria kweichowensis / germplasm resources / investigation / collection and protection / breeding research

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张尚文，杨天为，黄诗宇，李婷，高曼熔，田姗姗，何龙飞，张向军. 广西瘤果紫玉盘种质资源调查、收集与繁育. 植物遗传资源学报. 2023, 24(5): 1498-1506 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230224001
ZHANG Shangwen,YANG Tianwei,HUANG Shiyu,LI Ting,GAO Manrong,TIAN Shanshan,HE Longfei,ZHANG Xiangjun. Investigation， Collection and Breeding of Uvaria kweichowensis Resources in Guangxi. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2023, 24(5): 1498-1506 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230224001

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