金龙胆草Conyza blinii H.Lév.为我国云贵川地区的道地中药材，具有良好的消炎，止咳，平喘的功效。为了探究野生金龙胆草居群间的差异，本实验采集了9种来自不同地区的野生金龙胆草样本，对其进行核型、叶绿体基因组以及亲缘地理结构分析。结果显示：在这9个居群中，攀枝花地区的野生金龙胆草次生代谢产物苦蒿素含量高于本次采样的其他地区。金龙胆草为二倍体，细胞染色体核心公式 2n = 2x = 20 = 18m + 2st，居群之间的核型无显著差异。叶绿体基因组的系统进化分析表明，匙叶紫菀（Aster spathulifolius）亲缘关系较近。基于金龙胆草cpDNA的亲缘地理分析结果显示，Hap1为祖先型且金龙胆草经历过种群扩张事件，居群差异主要来源于种群内部。综上，种群内部变异和环境因素可能导致了金龙胆草居群间差异，以上的研究为金龙胆草野生资源的开发和利用提供基础。

Conyza blinii H.Lév. (C. blinii) is a plant species with natural wild distribution in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in China. It’s considered as genuine traditional Chinese medicine, since it has good anti-inflammatory, cough relieving and asthma relieving effects. In order to explore the diversity among wild C. blinii populations, nine samples collected from different regions were analyzed for karyotype, chloroplast genome and phylogeographic structure. The results showed that blinin content, a secondary metabolite of wild C. blinii, was higher in Panzhihua area than that in other areas. C. blinii tenuifolia was identified as diploid species (2n = 2x = 20 = 18m + 2st), and no significant difference in karyotype between populations was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome showed a close relation with Aster spathulifolius. The cpDNA phylogeographic analysis revealed that Hap1 was an ancestral type. The population expansion in C. blinii was detected, and the genetic diversity was largely contributed by intra-population variations. Collectively, the intra-population variation and environmental factors may lead to the differentiation between populations of C. blinii, thus providing insights for future development and utilization of wild C. blinii resources.