中国野生金荞麦种质资源的调查与收集

任奎,沈伦豪,唐宇,严明理,张凯旋,周美亮,刘丽莉

植物遗传资源学报. 2022, 23(4): 964-971

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植物遗传资源学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4) : 964-971. DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220118002
论文

中国野生金荞麦种质资源的调查与收集

  • 任奎1, 沈伦豪1, 唐宇2, 严明理1, 张凯旋3, 周美亮3, 刘丽莉1
作者信息 +

Survey and Collection of Wild Fagopyrum. cymosum Germplasm Resources in China

  • REN Kui1, SHEN Lun-hao1, TANG Yu2, YAN Ming-li1, ZHANG Kai-xuan3, ZHOU Mei-liang3, Liu Li-li1
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摘要

金荞麦是蓼科荞麦属的多年生药用植物。为了研究我国野生金荞麦的分布特点，探明各地区的资源密度和遗传特性，我们依托第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动，考察了我国13个省（区），62个县（市、区），共计采集到金荞麦种质资源530份。调查结果表明：我国野生金荞麦资源分布广泛，在调查范围内分布于E 90°.44′28″～119°.36′37″、N 24°.59′66″～33°.53′16″的广大区域，一般分布于海拔3500 m以下的亚热带季风气候区。金荞麦的群体数量和遗传特征呈现明显的区域差异，形成了西藏东南部高海拔的特殊类型集中分布区，西南地区中低海拔的遗传多样性富集区和长江中下游低海拔的遗传类型单一区的分布特点。野生群体中存在诸多优异材料，可在医药、保健、畜牧、观光、育种多个领域中开发利用。该研究在珍稀植物保护、荞麦属的分类进化研究、种质资源的创新利用和作物遗传改良等方面具有重要参考价值。

Abstract

Fagopyrum cymosum（Trev.）Meisn. is a perennial medicinal plant (designated as buckwheat) of the genus Fagopyrum of the family Polygonaceae. In order to analyze the geographic distribution characteristics of wild F. cymosum in China and their genetic characteristics, relying on the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we conducted a survey in 13 provinces and 62 counties (cities and districts) in China. A total of 530 F. cymosum germplasm accessions were collected. The wild F. cymosum resources were found to be widely distributed in China, especially in the areas of E 90°.44′28″-119°.36′37″, N 24°.59′66″-33°.53′16″, with a preference in the subtropical monsoon climate area below 3500m. The inter-population diversity was observed regarding to the population quantity and genetic characteristics of F. cymosum, forming the distribution characteristics of high-altitude special type concentrated distribution area in Southeast Tibet, low-altitude genetic diversity enrichment area in Southwest China and low-altitude genetic type single area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many excellent materials in the wild population, which can be developed and utilized in the fields of medicine, health care, animal husbandry, sightseeing and breeding. This study provided important reference in rare plant protection, taxonomic evolution of buckwheat, innovative utilization of germplasm resources and crop genetic improvement.

关键词

金荞麦，调查与收集，分布特点

Key words

Fagopyrum. cymosum / Investigation and collection / Distribution characteristics

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任奎,沈伦豪,唐宇,严明理,张凯旋,周美亮,刘丽莉. 中国野生金荞麦种质资源的调查与收集. 植物遗传资源学报. 2022, 23(4): 964-971 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220118002
REN Kui,SHEN Lun-hao,TANG Yu,YAN Ming-li,ZHANG Kai-xuan,ZHOU Mei-liang and Liu Li-li. Survey and Collection of Wild Fagopyrum. cymosum Germplasm Resources in China. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 2022, 23(4): 964-971 https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220118002

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