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科技革命、颠覆性技术与智慧农业
Technological Revolution, Disruptive Technology and Smart Agriculture
本文首先阐述了科技革命的概念与满足条件,提出并分析了内生及外生农业颠覆性技术及其差异,特别是提出了跨界技术的概念并论证了其对农业科技进步的外生影响。然后分析了作为跨界技术的集大成者——智慧农业技术的特点,智慧农业对传统农业生产技术与生产方式的替代以及智慧农业与农村经济转型的关系。在此基础上讨论了中国智慧农业发展所面临的问题。最后有针对性地提出了促进颠覆性技术创新和智慧农业发展的政策建议,包括加强关键颠覆性核心技术研发、改革现有的农业高等教育体系、推动跨界技术的农业产业化研发以及在高标准农田及规模化养殖场实施智慧农业生产等。
This paper described the concept and basic satisfaction of scientific and technological revolution, defines the endogenous and exogenous agricultural disruptive technology. The revolution of agricultural science and technology refers to the process in which the key disruptive core technology innovation applied to agricultural production drives a series of technological innovations adopted in production. Endogenous disruptive technology in agriculture refers to technology indicators that can fundamentally change the original technology, such as productivity improvement, overturn the economic or social necessity of the adoption of the original technology, and completely replace the original technology. Particularly the paper puts forwards the concept of the transboundary technology and demonstrates its endogenous application and impacts on the development of agricultural industry. The transboundary technology for exogenous application refers to the technology whose original invention and innovation are applied in non-agricultural fields and has nothing to do with agricultural industry. Focusing on smart agriculture and the typical transboundary technology, the paper analyzed the characteristics of the smart agriculture, discussed its impacts on the traditional agricultural production and rural transformation. Smart agriculture technology will be the disruptive core technology to promote a new round of technological and industrial revolution and rural transformation. It will fundamentally change the production mode of traditional agriculture, realize factory production and promote the revolutionary transformation of rural areas. The production and application of smart agricultural technology in China has shown good economic and social benefits and great potential for production and application. However, the application of intelligent agricultural technology based on artificial intelligence technology is still in the exploratory stage. As an agricultural application of transboundary technology, the smart agricultural technology with intelligent sensing technology as the core is not dominated by agricultural scientists like agricultural machinery technology revolution, chemical technology revolution and green revolution technology. At present, the application smart agriculture technology in China is only in its infancy. Hence, policy recommendations of strengthening key disruptive technology development, reforming agricultural higher education system, promoting the agricultural industry development of the transboundary technology, and pushing the application of smart agriculture technology to be implemented in high standard farmland and large-scale farms of agricultural production, etc., were proposed to promote the development of smart agriculture.
科技革命 / 颠覆性技术 / 跨界技术 / 智慧农业 {{custom_keyword}} /
technology revolution / disruptive technology / transboundary technology / smart agriculture {{custom_keyword}} /
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