Allelic variation and genetic diversity at HMW glutenin subunits loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 were investigated in 64 accessions of three unique wheat varieties from western China using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two HMW glutenin patterns (i.e. null, 7+8, 2+12 and null, 7, 2+12) in 34 Yunnan wheat accessions, 3 HMW glutenin patterns (i.e. null, 7+8, 2+12, null, 6+8, 2+12 and null, 7+8, 2) in 24 Tibetan accessions and 1 HMW glutenin pattern (null, 7, 2+12) in 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions were found. The Tibetan accession TB18 was found to be with a rare subunit 2 encoded by Glu-D1. A total of 4 (i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1a), 5 (i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1d, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1a, Glu-D1？） and 3 alleles （i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a, Glu-D1a） at Glu-1 locus were identified among Yunnan, Tibetan and Xinjiang unique wheat accessions, respectively. For Yunnan wheat, Tibetan wheat and Xinjiang wheat, the Nei's mean genetic variation indexes were 0.1574, 0.1366 and 0, respectively, which might indicate the higher genetic diversity of Yunnan wheat and Tibetan wheat as compared to Xinjiang wheat. Among the three genomes of hexapliod wheats of western China, the highest Nei's genetic variation index was appeared in B genome with the mean value of 0.2674, while the indexes for genomes A and D were 0 and 0.0270, respectively. It might be reasonable to indicate that Glu-B1 showed the highest, Glu-D1the intermediate and Glu-A1 always the lowest genetic diversity.