2023 Volume 30 Issue 05 Published: 15 October 2023
  

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  • Identification and Expression Analysis of Three Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors in Flammulina filiformis
    HUANG Qianhui, WEI Zhongyang, LIU Taijiao, DAI Yusong, ZHANG Weirui, XIE Baogui
    2023, 30(05): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.001
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Three zinc cluster transcription factors in Flammulina filiformis, FVZCP1, FVZCP2, and FVZCP3, were analyzed for basic properties, zinc cluster domain and phylogeny by bioinformatics tools, and then determined for their expression in mycelium, primordium, stipe, and pileus by qRT-PCR. The results showed that Fvzcp1, Fvzcp2, and Fvzcp3 distributed in different contigs, and contained 9, 14, and 10 exons, encoding 2 553 bp, 2 634 bp, and 1 743 bp, respectively. The corresponding proteins, FVZCP1, FVZCP2, and FVZCP3, were 93 763.19 Da, 98 333.89 Da, and 64 251.26 Da, respectively. Their theoretical pI are 7.10, 6.54, 6.64, respectively. They were predicted to be unstable hydrophobic proteins and localized in the nucleus. All of them had a typical zinc cluster domain, albeit in different types. In terms of expression level, Fvzcp1 was relatively higher in primordium and pileus than in mycelium; Fvzcp2 was relatively higher in primordium and stipe than in mycelium; Fvzcp3 was higher in stipe than in mycelium. Their expression levels were significantly higher in the elongation region than those in the non-elongation region.
  • Breeding of a New Cyclocybe chaxingu Cultivar ‘Zhongjunbaicha 1’
    LIU Qimeng, HUA Rong, SUN Dafeng, ZHANG Junbo, LI Jianying, LIU Chunli, LUO Xi, LIU Shaoxiong
    2023, 30(05): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.002
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using Cyclocybe chaxingu strain Baicha 6 as the parent, monospore inbreeding of new varieties was carried out. After preliminary and secondary screening, a hybrid strain named ZJCXG001 was selected for pilot and demonstrative production. The results showed that ZJCXG001 had higher uniformity of fruiting bodies compared with Baicha 6. ZJCXG001 showed moderate pileus diameter [(4.40±0.15) cm], long stipes [(12.11±0.51) cm], a high yield, and a biological efficiency of 86.3%. The harvesting time for the first tide of ZJCXG001 was short, which was (50.5±1.3) d after inoculation. On Oct 20, 2022, ZJCXG001 passed the identification of non-major crop varieties in Yunnan Province and was named ‘Zhongjunbaicha 1’.
  • Changes of Metabolites in Exogenous Nutrient Bags of Morchella esculenta Cultivation
    WEI Shan, XU Ming, YANG Qiupu, ZHANG Jian
    2023, 30(05): 18-30. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.003
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to study changes of metabolites in exogenous nutrient bags of morel cultivation, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect metabolites in initial exogenous nutrient bags (CK) that were not placed on furrow surface, uncontaminated exogenous nutrient bags (NC), and contaminated exogenous nutrient bags (C) 80 d after mulching, respectively. Then the detected metabolites in different exogenous nutrient bags were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics for differential metabolites. The differential metabolites of NC vs. CK and C vs. NC were screened by osrthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in combination with variable importance in projection and fold change of model variables, and then the significant differential metabolites were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis. The results showed that the exogenous nutrient bags primarily contained lipids, lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives. There were 202 and 163 major differential metabolites of NC vs. CK and C vs. NC, respectively. These differential metabolites are mainly fatty acyl, prenol lipids, glycerophospholipids, and steroids and steroid derivatives. The relative contents of glycerophospholipids and steroids and steroid derivatives in C were significantly decreased as compared with NC, whereas those of fatty acyl and prenol lipids were significantly increased. The significant differential metabolites of NC vs. CK and C vs. NC were enriched to 197 and 148 pathways, respectively. Based on the corrected P value, there were 29 and 12 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment (P<0.05) in NC vs. CK and C vs. NC, respectively. Some major enrichment pathways included metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
  • Screening of DUS Test Characteristics for Auricularia cornea
    CAO Xuelian, CHEN Ying, WANG Di, LIU Tianhai, PENG Weihong, TANG Jie, ZHENG Yuting
    2023, 30(05): 31-41. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.004
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using 64 Auricularia cornea strains as the materials, 20 characteristics, including six mycelium characteristics and 14 fruiting body characteristics, were screened for DUS test. After phenotypic observation and analysis of variance for mycelium growth rate, three mycelium characteristics, mycelium colloids, dorsal color of colonies and cultivation rod color, were eventually selected as DUS test characteristics for mycelium. Two quantitative characteristics, fresh ear piece length and fresh ear piece width, were selected from the 14 fruiting body characteristics for variance analysis of six sampling sizes (20, 40, 60, 100, 150, 200). The results showed that there was no significant difference between these sampling sizes, and thus 40 was selected as the sampling size for fruiting body characteristics. The coefficients of variation for fresh ear piece length, width, thickness, and ratio of dried to wet product ranged from 16.00% to 38.17%, indicating that the genetic variation of these characteristics was rich. Normality test and frequency distribution analysis showed that the four quantitative characteristics generally followed a normal distribution. After comparison of probability grading method, traditional grading method and least significant difference method, the probability grading method was determined as the grading method for the four quantitative characteristics, and every trait was divided into three to five grades. According to cluster analysis, the tested strains were divided into four clusters when the genetic similarity coefficient was 1.82. Predominant ventral color of fresh ear pieces was the representative characteristics of cluster Ⅲ and cluster Ⅳ which contained about 97% of the tested strains, thus making it a suitable grouping trait. Based on the above evaluation and analyses, 17 tested characteristics (three mycelium characteristics and 14 fruiting body characteristics) were suitable for DUS test of A. cornea.
  • Effect of Preharvest Treatment on Postharvest Storage Quality of Agaricus bisporus
    LIU Huiqin, YANG Yan, WU Di, LI Wen, CHEN Wanchao, LI Jingjun, ZHANG Zhong
    2023, 30(05): 42-51. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.005
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to study the effects of preharvest treatment on the quality of Agaricus bisporus during postharvest storage, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg·mL-1 extract of Lentinula edodes spent residue (LR-UE) and salicylic acid (SA) solution were evenly sprayed on fruiting bodies at 250 mL·m-2 before harvest, respectively. The same amount of tap water was used as the control. After 24 h, fruiting bodies of different treatments were harvested, packaged and stored at room temperature. Fruiting bodies sampled within 1 h after picking were taken as 0 d storage group, and then fruiting bodies of different treatments were sampled every day to be determined for appearance, whiteness, hardness, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, total phenol content, and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) until the fruiting bodies rotted, turned brown or produced a peculiar odor. The results showed that fruiting bodies sprayed with 1.0 mg·mL-1 LR-UE or SA maintained a good appearance, whiteness and hardness during storage. Compared with the control group, spraying with LR-UE or SA before harvest effectively reduced MDA concentration and total phenol content, inhibited PPO and PAL activities, and the variation of total phenol content with time paralleled that of PAL activity.
  • Use of Astragalus Polysaccharide in Preservation of Volvariella volvacea at 4 ℃
    ZHENG Tingting, HUANG Tianyu, GONG Ming, WANG Ruijuan, WU Yingying, WAN Jianing, WANG Ying
    2023, 30(05): 52-58. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.006
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The metabolites of Volvariella volvacea exudates stored at 4 ℃ for 24 and 48 h were analyzed, respectively. Using distilled water as the blank control, V. volvacea fruiting bodies were immersed in 200 μmol·L-1 Astragalus polysaccharide (AST) solution prior to storage at 4 ℃ for 24 and 48 h, and then determined for β-glucosidase activity, analyzed for transcriptome, and measured for the expression level of glycosyltransferase gene VVO_02307. The results showed that metabolic components in the exudate of V. volvacea stored at 4 ℃ for 24 h were significantly different with those in the exudate of V. volvacea stored at 4 ℃ for 48 h. Compared with V. volvacea stored at 4 ℃ for 24 h, V. volvacea stored at 4 ℃ for 48 h showed a lower sucrose content and a higher linoleic acid content. Compared with the control, the autolysis of the AST solution treated V. volvacea was not obvious at 4 ℃ for 24 h, and the activity of β-glucosidase decreased significantly. Transcriptomic analysis showed that AST was very likely to promote the tolerance of V. volvacea to cold stress by improving N-glycan biosynthesis activity. These results provided a reference for developing low-temperature preservation technology of V. volvacea.
  • In Vitro Inhibitory Effect and Chemical Composition Analysis of Extracts from Inonotus hispidus Fruiting Bodies
    ZAN Lifeng, GUO Haiyan, YANG Xiangyu, QIAO Lijuan
    2023, 30(05): 59-69. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.007
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), ethyl acetate extract (CM1) and ethanol isolate (CM2) of Inonotus hispidus fruiting bodies were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the proliferation of five human tumor cell lines, including SGC-7901, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, NCI-H1299, and HepG2. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS were used to analyze chemical components in CM1 and CM2. The results showed that CM1 inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cells at 48 h, with IC50 of 338.64, 224.13, and 542.07 μg·mL-1, respectively. CM2 inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2 and NCI-H1299 cells at 48 h, with IC50 of 104.28, 100.51, 122.32, 277.66 and 196.35 μg·mL-1, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CM1 was weaker than that of CM2. There were 26 compounds identified in CM1 and 30 compounds identified in CM2, among which 24 compounds were detected in both CM1 and CM2. The main chemical components of CM1 and CM2 were polyphenols polymerized or condensed with hispidin as the skeleton, and compounds with high relative abundance in the extracts included osmundacetone, phellinin B, phaeolschidin A, phaeolschidin C, pinillidine, 3,3′-methylene-bis{6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)]-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one}, phelligridin D, and phelliribsin A. The research provided a reference for the research, development and application of active compounds in I. hispidus fruiting bodies.
  • Active Ingredient Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum from Different Places
    JU Ruixin, LI Yunhua, TIAN Rong, WU Wenqing, GU Wei, ZHU Yufeng
    2023, 30(05): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.008
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Fruiting bodies of G. lucidum from 13 different places were determined for contents of polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid B, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid E, ganodermanontriol, ganodermadiol, and selenium by high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Then these indices were analyzed by entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to comprehensively evaluate the quality of the G. lucidum samples from different places. The results showed that a highly sensitive and accurate HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify the six triterpenoids. The entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation model was fast, sensitive, effective, and consistent with the conclusions of the principal component analysis evaluation model. It can be used to comprehensively evaluate quality of G. lucidum.
  • Extraction Optimization and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Inonotus hispidus
    CAO Runkang, LI Yi, BAO Haiying, LI Qingjie
    2023, 30(05): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.009
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A homogeneous polysaccharide named INP was extracted from Inonotus hispidus through optimizing the extraction conditions by single-factor and response surface experiments. Then INP was studied for its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Three doses of INP, low dose INP at 125 μg·mL-1, medium dose INP at 250 μg·mL-1, and high dose INP at 500 μg·mL-1 were set up. Contents of NO, IL-6, TNF-α were determined by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to determine gene expression levels of inflammatory factors, and Western blotting was used to determine protein expression in p38MAPK/NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways. The results showed that the optimized polysaccharide extraction conditions were material-liquid ratio 1:18 (g:mL), extraction temperature 80.5 ℃, and extraction time 1.9 h. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield was (0.612±0.057)%. Both NO and TNF-α were decreased in the medium dose (P<0.05) and high dose (P<0.01) INP groups compared with those in the model group. IL-6 content and IL-6 expression were decreased in the high dose INP group. Both medium and high INP doses significantly (P<0.01) down regulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. Low dose INP decreased the expression of p-Erk1/2 (P<0.001) and p-AKT (P<0.001). Medium dose INP decreased the expression of p-p38 (P<0.01), IκBα (P<0.01), and p-AKT (P<0.001). High dose INP decreased the expression of p-p38 (P<0.01), p-Jnk1/2 (P<0.001), p-Erk1/2 (P<0.001), p-p65 (P<0.01), IκBα (P<0.01), and p-AKT (P<0.01). INP alleviated LPS-induced cell inflammatory damage, and thus provided a reference for development and utilization of polysaccharides from I. hispidus in the future.
  • A Taxonomic Revision of Commercial Phallus Species in China
    LI Ting, LI Yanzhen, LI Taihui, DENG Wangqiu
    2023, 30(05): 94-102. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.010
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Phallus spp. are common edible mushrooms in China. Many of them have been cultivated on a large scale. Because of morphological similarity, many sellers on the market label their products as Phallus indusiatus or “bamboo fungus”. After morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ITS-LSU sequences, most of these so-called “P. indusiatus” or “bamboo fungus” were actually identified as P. rubrovolvatus, P. echinovolvatus, and P. cremeo-ochraceus. The Latin American species P. indusiatus, however, may not be naturally distributed in China.
  • Research Progress on Structure and Bioactivity of Ganoderma lucidum Triterpenoids, and Development of High Triterpenoid-Producing Strains
    YANG Baozhu, TANG Chuanhong, TAN Yi, XU Aiguo, ZHANG Henan, FENG Jie, WU yougen, ZHANG Jingsong
    2023, 30(05): 103-112. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.011
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Ganoderma lucidum is an edible and medicinal fungus that contains various bioactive compounds. Its main bioactive metabolites, i.e. triterpenoids, have multiple functions, such as anti-tumor activity, immunoregulatory activity, and antihyperglycemic activity. Research progress on G. lucidum triterpenoids were reviewed in terms of isolation and purification, structural identification, biological activities, and breeding of new varieties with a high triterpenoid yield, so as to provide a reference for its application in healthcare food and clinical medicine.
  • Cordyceps Sensu Lato and Their Domestication and Cultivation in China
    LI Chuanhua, YANG Shuangshuang, DENG Wangqiu, LIN Qunying
    2023, 30(05): 113-148. https://doi.org/10.16488/j.cnki.1005-9873.2023.05.012
    Abstract ( ) PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    There are 299 species of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales) in China, among which at least 40 species produce fruiting bodies or synnemata. Despite a rich Cordyceps s. l. diversity in China, only four species are commercially cultivated currently. The Cordyceps species that can form fruiting bodies or synnemata in China were summarized, and problems in regard to strain, Cordyceps microbiome, and domestication were reviewed. It was suggested that we should strengthen the collection of germplasm resources, research on strains and their degradation mechanisms, study Cordyceps microbiome and its function, strengthen the domestication of wild resources, fully explore the values of Cordyceps s.l. and also promote scientific popularization. For the convenience of the follow-up functional study on Cordyceps microbiome in the future, it was suggested to be simplified into two categories, probiotics in fruiting bodies (PFB) and unbeneficial microbiome in fruiting bodies (UMFB).