
Relationship between boll temporal distribution and cotton yield under summer direct seeding
Li Xian’en,Ma Xuefeng,Zhang Zhao,Yang Lirong,Lü Na,Yao Xiaofen,Qiu Shen,Zhang Guifen,Yang Guozheng
Relationship between boll temporal distribution and cotton yield under summer direct seeding
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the optimal boll-setting period of summer direct seeding mode and suitable cultivars in the Yangtze River Valley by studying the relationship between the boll temporal distribution and yield of different cotton cultivars, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of this mode. [Method] The experiment was conducted in the farm of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2019 and 2020. A random block design was used with 3 cotton cultivars (JH116, ZD2040 and HM3097) from Southern region and 2 cultivars (Z425 and Z619) from Northern region. Plant-mapping was used to investigate boll temporal distribution; cotton growth stages, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components were also investigated. [Result] Under the summer direct seeding mode, the cotton growth period was about 90 in 2019. The peak squaring period is about 44-63 d after emergence, the peak boll-setting period is about 63-82 d after emergence, and the peak boll-opening period is about 92-118 d after emergence. In 2020, due to the high precipitation and the low temperature, cotton growth period was extended by 23-40 d, and the start time of rapid growth period of the number of buds, flowers and open bolls was delayed by 19 d, 17 d, and 34 d, respectively; seed cotton yield and lint yield decreased obviously. On average of the two years, the sink biomass and plant biomass of cultivar HM3097 at the plant removal stage were 9.6%-43.0% and 14.7%-54.3% higher than other cultivars, respectively, and its lint yield was 12.5%-22.6% higher than other cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that lint yield was significantly positively correlated with the initial time and the duration of rapid accumulation period of cotton boll number and sink dry matter accumulation. [Conclusion] Under summer direct seeding mode, the proportion of late summer bolls is the largest, followed by early autumn bolls. Cultivar HM3097 from Southern region is more suitable for cultivating in the Yangtze River Valley due to its better yield performance under different weather conditions.
cotton / summer direct seeding / yield / boll temporal distribution / dry matter accumulation {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 Development progress and growth stages of cotton表1 棉花生育进程和生育时期 |
年份 Year | 品种 Cultivars | 生育进程 Development progress | 生育时期Growth stages/d | 生育期 Growth period/d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
出苗期 Seedling date | 现蕾期 Budding date | 开花期 Flowering date | 吐絮期 Boll opening date | 苗期 Seedling period | 蕾期 Budding period | 花铃期 Flowering and boll period | ||||
2019 | Z425 | 05-28 | 06-26 | 07-18 | 08-21 | 29 a | 22 ab | 34 ab | 85 a | |
Z619 | 05-28 | 06-27 | 07-18 | 08-22 | 30 a | 21 b | 35 ab | 86 a | ||
JH116 | 05-31 | 06-29 | 07-23 | 08-29 | 29 a | 24 a | 37 a | 90 a | ||
ZD2040 | 05-30 | 06-30 | 07-21 | 08-23 | 31 a | 21 b | 33 b | 85 a | ||
HM3097 | 05-29 | 06-30 | 07-23 | 08-28 | 32 a | 23 ab | 36 ab | 91 a | ||
2020 | Z425 | 05-27 | 06-30 | 08-04 | 09-17 | 34 b | 35 ab | 44 b | 113 b | |
Z619 | 05-27 | 06-29 | 08-05 | 09-18 | 33 b | 37 a | 44 b | 114 b | ||
JH116 | 05-28 | 07-05 | 08-05 | 09-18 | 38 ab | 31 bc | 44 b | 113 b | ||
ZD2040 | 05-28 | 07-10 | 08-10 | 09-30 | 43 a | 31 bc | 51 a | 125 a | ||
HM3097 | 05-27 | 07-11 | 08-09 | 09-28 | 45 a | 29 c | 50 a | 124 a | ||
变异来源 Source of variance | ||||||||||
Y | ns | ** | ** | ** | ||||||
C | ** | * | ns | * | ||||||
Y×C | * | ** | * | * |
注:同年同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著;*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01 水平显著,ns表示不显著。Y表示年份,C表示品种,Y×C表示年份与品种的互作效应。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters within the same column in the same year indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level. * and ** mean significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability level, respectively; ns means no significance. Y means year; C means cultivar; Y × C means interaction between year and cultivar. |
Table 2 Logistic models for the number accumulation of cotton reproduction organs表2 棉花生殖器官数量累积的logistic模型 |
因变量 Dependent variable | 处理 Treatment | 2019 | 2020 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
logistic模型 Logistic model | 相关系数 R2 | logistic模型 Logistic model | 相关系数 R2 | |||
蕾 | Z425 | Y=223.5/[1+e(6.52-0.13t)] | 0.996 | Y=394.6/[1+e(6.45-0.09t)] | 0.998 | |
Square | Z619 | Y=262.1/[1+e(7.19-0.14t)] | 0.996 | Y=456.0/[1+e(6.46-0.08t)] | 0.995 | |
JH116 | Y=278.9/[1+e(6.81-0.13t)] | 0.998 | Y=318.3/[1+e(7.91-0.11t)] | 0.998 | ||
ZD2040 | Y=282.1/[1+e(7.89-0.14t)] | 0.998 | Y=697.7/[1+e(8.50-0.10t)] | 0.998 | ||
HM3097 | Y=285.8/[1+e(7.74-0.14t)] | 0.996 | Y=250.9/[1+e(9.10-0.13t)] | 0.998 | ||
花 | Z425 | Y=172.8/[1+e(8.71-0.13t)] | 0.991 | Y=190.0/[1+e(13.01-0.15t)] | 0.998 | |
Flower | Z619 | Y=181.8/[1+e(10.63-0.15t)] | 0.995 | Y=188.6/[1+e(14.56-0.17t)] | 0.998 | |
JH116 | Y=216.2/[1+e(8.99-0.12t)] | 0.996 | Y=182.2/[1+e(14.74-0.17t)] | 0.998 | ||
ZD2040 | Y=213.2/[1+e(10.80-0.16t)] | 0.999 | Y=185.8/[1+e(15.54-0.18t)] | 1.000 | ||
HM3097 | Y=225.3/[1+e(10.45-0.14t)] | 0.997 | Y=164.0/[1+e(15.96-0.18t)] | 0.998 | ||
吐絮棉铃 | Z425 | Y=51.3/[1+e(11.54-0.12t)] | 0.991 | Y=71.9/[1+e(12.66-0.09t)] | 0.997 | |
Opening boll | Z619 | Y=69.1/[1+e(12.60-0.13t)] | 0.995 | Y=69.7/[1+e(17.04-0.13t)] | 0.995 | |
JH116 | Y=75.7/[1+e(8.99-0.08t)] | 0.982 | Y=80.8/[1+e(17.90-0.13t)] | 0.991 | ||
ZD2040 | Y=94.0/[1+e(12.02-0.12t)] | 0.987 | Y=50.4/[1+e(31.70-0.23t)] | 0.994 | ||
HM3097 | Y=81.2/[1+e(9.45-0.08t)] | 0.979 | Y=53.5/[1+e(20.93-0.15t)] | 0.999 |
注:Y为单位面积生殖器官数量,t为棉花出苗后时间(d)。 | |
Note: Y is the number of reproduction organs per unit area; t is the time after emergence (d). |
Table 3 Dynamic characteristic values of the number of reproduction organs in cotton表3 棉花生殖器官数量累积动态特征值 |
处理 Treatment | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t1/d | t2/d | △t/d | VT/(m-2·d-1) | t1/d | t2/d | △t/d | VT/(m-2·d-1) | ||
蕾 Square | |||||||||
Z425 | 40.2 | 60.6 | 20.4 | 6.3 | 57.9 | 87.5 | 29.6 | 7.7 | |
Z619 | 42.9 | 62.1 | 19.2 | 7.9 | 60.7 | 91.8 | 31.1 | 8.5 | |
JH116 | 42.8 | 63.4 | 20.5 | 7.8 | 59.5 | 83.3 | 23.8 | 7.7 | |
ZD2040 | 46.1 | 64.6 | 18.5 | 8.8 | 73.8 | 100.9 | 27.1 | 14.9 | |
HM3097 | 46.9 | 66.1 | 19.2 | 8.6 | 60.1 | 80.5 | 20.4 | 7.1 | |
花Flower | |||||||||
Z425 | 58.8 | 79.8 | 21.0 | 4.8 | 77.0 | 94.3 | 17.3 | 6.3 | |
Z619 | 61.1 | 78.4 | 17.3 | 6.1 | 78.0 | 93.5 | 15.5 | 7.0 | |
JH116 | 62.9 | 84.4 | 21.6 | 5.8 | 79.1 | 94.6 | 15.5 | 6.8 | |
ZD2040 | 63.6 | 81.3 | 17.7 | 7.0 | 83.7 | 99.2 | 15.5 | 6.9 | |
HM3097 | 66.5 | 85.6 | 19.2 | 6.8 | 80.6 | 95.1 | 14.5 | 6.5 | |
吐絮棉铃 Opening boll | |||||||||
Z425 | 85.9 | 108.0 | 22.1 | 1.3 | 119.8 | 147.6 | 27.8 | 1.5 | |
Z619 | 89.6 | 110.5 | 20.9 | 1.9 | 123.2 | 143.9 | 20.6 | 2.0 | |
JH116 | 95.5 | 128.3 | 32.8 | 1.3 | 123.0 | 142.6 | 19.5 | 2.4 | |
ZD2040 | 92.3 | 115.0 | 22.7 | 2.4 | 133.2 | 144.7 | 11.5 | 2.5 | |
HM3097 | 95.9 | 126.9 | 31.0 | 1.5 | 129.9 | 147.3 | 17.4 | 1.8 |
注:t1、t2分别为生殖器官数量快速增长期的起始时间与终止时间,Δt为快速累积期的持续时间,VT为生殖器官数量快速增长期的平均增长速率。 | |
Note: t1 and t2 are the start time and termination time of the fast growth period of the number of reproduction organs, respectively; Δt indicates the duration of the fast growth period; VT is the average growth rate of the number of reproduction organs during the fast growth period. |
Table 4 Logistic models for dry matter accumulation in cotton表4 棉花干物质积累的logistic模型 |
因变量 Dependent variable | 处理 Treatment | 2019 | 2020 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
logistic模型 Logistic model | 相关系数 R2 | logistic模型 Logistic model | 相关系数 R2 | |||
库 | Z425 | Y=404.3/[1+e(6.67-0.08t)] | 0.994 | Y=234.3/[1+e(14.49-0.17t)] | 0.999 | |
Sink | Z619 | Y=452.0/[1+e(9.93-0.12t)] | 1.000 | Y=300.9/[1+e(17.77-0.20t)] | 0.967 | |
JH116 | Y=436.5/[1+e(6.40-0.07t)] | 0.999 | Y=321.8/[1+e(18.22-0.20t)] | 0.995 | ||
ZD2040 | Y=528.1/[1+e(7.46-0.08t)] | 0.999 | Y=348.4/[1+e(19.53-0.21t)] | 0.964 | ||
HM3097 | Y=499.6/[1+e(6.95-0.08t)] | 0.997 | Y=425.6/[1+e(7.10-0.07t)] | 0.995 | ||
植株 | Z425 | Y=613.8/[1+e(9.10-0.13t)] | 0.971 | Y=508.1/[1+e(9.37-0.12t)] | 0.891 | |
Plant | Z619 | Y=629.9/[1+e(7.59-0.10t)] | 0.989 | Y=590.4/[1+e(9.98-0.13t)] | 0.817 | |
JH116 | Y=577.5/[1+e(6.40-0.09t)] | 0.999 | Y=694.1/[1+e(8.26-0.10t)] | 0.910 | ||
ZD2040 | Y=750.9/[1+e(5.14-0.07t)] | 1.000 | Y=685.1/[1+e(10.72-0.13t)] | 0.933 | ||
HM3097 | Y=779.3/[1+e(6.56-0.09t)] | 0.999 | Y=744.5/[1+e(6.09-0.07t)] | 1.000 |
注:Y为单位面积干物质积累量(g·m-2),t为棉花出苗后时间(d)。 | |
Note: Y is biomass accumulation per unit area (g·m-2); t is time after emergence (d). |
Table 5 Dynamic characteristic values of cotton dry matter accumulation表5 棉花干物质积累动态特征值 |
处理 Treatment | 2019 | 2020 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t1/d | t2/d | △t/d | VT/(g·m-2·d-1) | t1/d | t2/d | △t/d | VT/(g·m-2·d-1) | ||
库 Sink | |||||||||
Z425 | 66.0 | 98.4 | 32.5 | 7.2 | 78.8 | 94.5 | 15.8 | 8.6 | |
Z619 | 73.2 | 95.6 | 22.4 | 11.7 | 82.0 | 95.1 | 13.1 | 13.2 | |
JH116 | 76.5 | 116.2 | 39.7 | 6.4 | 83.4 | 96.4 | 13.0 | 14.3 | |
ZD2040 | 75.7 | 108.1 | 32.4 | 9.4 | 86.2 | 98.7 | 12.5 | 16.1 | |
HM3097 | 74.1 | 108.8 | 34.7 | 8.3 | 88.1 | 128.3 | 40.1 | 6.1 | |
植株 Plant | |||||||||
Z425 | 58.2 | 77.9 | 19.7 | 18.0 | 66.1 | 87.7 | 21.6 | 13.6 | |
Z619 | 60.6 | 86.1 | 25.5 | 14.3 | 67.6 | 88.1 | 20.5 | 16.6 | |
JH116 | 54.2 | 82.2 | 28.1 | 11.9 | 68.6 | 94.6 | 26.0 | 15.4 | |
ZD2040 | 58.6 | 99.1 | 40.4 | 10.7 | 75.2 | 96.2 | 21.1 | 18.8 | |
HM3097 | 56.6 | 85.0 | 28.4 | 15.8 | 64.9 | 100.7 | 35.8 | 12.0 |
注:t1、t2分别为干物质快速累积期的起始时间与终止时间,Δt为快速累积期的持续时间,VT为干物质快速累积期的平均累积速率。 | |
Note: t1 and t2 are the start time and termination time of the fast dry matter accumulation period, respectively; Δt indicates the duration of the fast accumulation period; VT is the average dry matter accumulation rate during the fast accumulation period. |
Table 6 Cotton yield and its components表6 棉花产量及其构成因素 |
年份 Year | 品种 Cultivars | 铃数 Boll number /m-2 | 铃重 Boll weight/g | 衣分 Lint percentage/% | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
籽棉 Seed cotton | 皮棉 Lint cotton | |||||
2019 | Z425 | 73.81 ab | 4.28 b | 40.31 b | 2 409.50 b | 970.80 b |
Z619 | 76.48 ab | 4.38 b | 37.90 c | 2 505.60 ab | 952.30 b | |
JH116 | 68.40 b | 4.48 b | 42.65 a | 2 575.70 ab | 1 097.20 ab | |
ZD2040 | 82.77 a | 3.98 b | 39.23 bc | 2 348.20 b | 915.50 b | |
HM3097 | 68.46 b | 5.13 a | 43.10 a | 2 917.10 a | 1 257.20 a | |
2020 | Z425 | 58.32 ab | 3.73 ab | 37.79 b | 1 823.80 a | 690.17 a |
Z619 | 62.12 ab | 3.86 ab | 36.96 b | 1 745.80 a | 644.25 a | |
JH116 | 65.99 a | 3.68 b | 37.87 b | 1 689.10 a | 643.12 a | |
ZD2040 | 53.86 ab | 4.14 a | 43.27 a | 1 698.50 a | 736.72 a | |
HM3097 | 48.89 b | 3.96 ab | 41.93 a | 1 711.70 a | 700.84 a | |
变异来源Source of variance | ||||||
Y | * | * | ns | * | * | |
C | ns | * | ** | ns | ns | |
Y×C | ns | ** | ** | ns | * |
注:同年同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著(P<0.05);*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平差异显著,ns表示差异不显著。Y表示年份,C表示品种,Y×C表示年份与品种的互作效应。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters after the same culumn in the same year indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. * and ** indicate significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively; ns: no significant difference. Y: year, C: cultivar, Y×C: interaction between year and cultivar. |
Fig. 3 The correlation analysis between lint yield and the dynamic characteristic values of sink dry matter accumulation and opening boll numberYield indicates lint yield. t1 and t2 are the start time and termination time of the fast accumulation period, respectively; Δt indicates the duration of the fast accumulation period; VT is the average accumulation rate during the fast accumulation period. K is the theoretical maximum dry matter accumulation or the theoretical maximum number of organs. OB is opening bolls; Sink indicates the sink organs. * and ** indicate significant relationship at the 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively.图3 皮棉产量与库器官干物质和吐絮棉铃数量的累积动态特征值之间的相关性 Yield表示皮棉产量,t1、t2分别为快速累积期的起始时间与终止时间,Δt为快速累积期的持续时间,VT为快速累积期的平均累积速率,K为干物质理论最大累积量或器官的理论最大数量。OB为吐絮棉铃,Sink表示库器官。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平相关。 |
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