For the development of apiculture of China, it need to be defined the approved subspecies and geographic populations of Apis cerana F., and present the scientific data to determine the local fine breed of bees. The subspecies were studied with the morphological measurement and molecular data of Apis cerana F.. The results showed that thirteen putative subspecies names (trinomials names) of Apis cerana F. have been established in China since 1944, the trinomials (subspecies) of Apis cerana F., which published since 1970, were not valid under modern ICZN rules, 4th edition, 1999 and according to nomenclatural standing in Apis classification. The morphometric analysis of Apis cerana F. in China showed that the “Chinese Eastern race” belonging to “Apis cerana cerana” and the “South Yunnan race” being “Apis cerana indica”, the “South Yunnan race” and the “Aba race” (Aba cerana) can be discriminated. However, this analysis failed to discriminate among “South Yunnan race” (Apis cerana indica), “Hainan race” (Hainan cerana) and “Tibet race” (Tibet cerana). Molecular analyses revealed that the mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. were the same as that of all sample originated from India, Japan and Korea without variation and belonging to “Mainland Asia” group of Apis cerana. It was approved that there were abundance for mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. in Southern Gansu and Northern Aba area. It could be said certainly that in China the members of “Aba race” (Aba cerana) was existence.

The paper aims to estimate the population size of Moschus berezovskii and clarify their geography distribution in Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve, and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of M. berezovskii population resources. From April 19^th to June 5^th, 2017, we first learned about the possible areas of M. berezovskii through the local interviews, and then found traces of M. berezovskii through the line transect method for recording and statistics. In the survey areas (284.16 km²), there are about (95±48) M. berezovskii, mainly distributed in the mixed forest of needle-leaved trees and broad-leaved trees above 1000 m in the northern slope of Jinfo Mountain. The ecological environment of Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve is suitable for M. berezovskii. However, due to the excessive catch and kill by human and the development of the nature reserve, the environment for M. berezovskii has gradually deteriorated, and the population of forest musk deer in the Nature Reserve has declined drastically. We should carry out protection work from reducing human activities in the Nature Reserve and recovering habitats of Moschus berezovskii.

By analyzing the present situation and problems of geographical indication development in Qinghai Province and its role in agricultural economic development, this paper put forward the path and countermeasures of high-quality development of geographical indication industry in Qinghai Province, so as to promote rural industry revitalization and agricultural economic development. The number of geographical indications, regional distribution, product classification, use of geographical indications and brand promotion in Qinghai Province and the existing problems were analyzed. The correlation between the number of geographical indications and agricultural economic development in Qinghai Province from 2010 to 2019 was studied. The results showed that: (1) geographical indications in Qinghai Province were mainly concentrated in Haidong City, Haibei Prefecture and Xining City, and the products of geographical indication were mainly fruits and vegetables and breeding products; the use of geographical indication had become a new growth point for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the income increase of farmers and herdsmen, and the promotion of geographical indication brands had achieve certain results; (2) there were still some problems, such as insufficient attention paid by the government to geographical indication, weak brand awareness of geographical indication by producers and consumers, small number of geographical indications applying for registration, “attach importance to registration and despise use”, lack of professional talents, etc; (3) the number of geographical indications in Qinghai Province had not yet shown a positive impact on the local agricultural output value. Based on the analysis, the paper puts forward the development path of geographical indication industry in Qinghai Province: (1) strengthening overall planning and systematically promoting the development of geographical indication industry in the whole province; (2) supporting leading enterprises to create industrial clusters of geographical indication characteristics; (3) focusing on four key links and building a new pattern of closed-loop development of the entire industrial chain; (4) making excellent public services and creating a good environment for the development of geographical indication industry; (5) strengthening team building to provide talent support for the development of geographical indication industry. The authors also propose 14 specific countermeasures and suggestions.

Geographical indication of agricultural products are the concentrated expression of long traditional agricultural culture and unique geographical features. It has a prominent role in promoting industrial agglomeration and driving the development of rural economy, which also beneficial to extend the industrial chain and expand the multi-function of agriculture. Such integration and expansion has also become an important engine of regional agricultural industrial restructuring, economic development and rural revitalization. Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Yuncheng City is an important birthplace of agricultural civilization in the Yellow River Basin and a strong traditional agricultural city. Taking Yuncheng''s geographical indications agricultural products as samples, this paper conducts in-depth investigation and analysis, also proposes to build a brand image of Yuncheng agricultural products with a long history, rich culture, and high quality based on the development of a public brand of the geographical indication agricultural products; We will build a strong industrial development pattern with distinctive features, excellent environment and strong support. The suggestions and ways to form the main forces of "driving the transformation and upgrading of agriculture, upgrading the level of industrial development and increasing farmers'' income" are to excavate the economic value of the regional public brand of geographical indications agricultural products, give full play to the driving role of characteristic industries, and better realize the revitalization of rural industry.

Grain protein content of 287 barley germplasms from different origins were analyzed by using near infrared method in this study to understand the property of protein content and extend parent resources. Distribution and differences of grain protein content among diverse origins were compared and the results showed, grain protein content of 287 barley accessions ranged from 8.00% to 20.10%, averaged 12.43%, and assembled around the scope between 10.00% and 14.00%. The minimum protein content of accessions, 8.00%, derived from Yunnan Province, while the maximum, 20.10%, from Qinghai. Significant divergence of protein content existed among origins with the highest value of 14.49% arisen in Henan Province and the lowest value of 9.62% in Inner Mongolia. The order of origins based on protein content from high to low was Henan, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Yunnan, Anhui and Inner Mongolia. Variation of barley grain content among different origins reflected its diverse uses.

In order to promote the development of sweetpotato geographical indication industry and agricultural economy, a statistical analysis was carried out on the number, protection scope, protection variety and application status of sweetpotato geographical indication and the industrial status of sweetpotato in China. The results showed that: (1) as of December 31 in 2020, a total of 49 kinds of sweetpotato products, produced in 15 provinces including Henan, Sichuan, Shandong etc., had become national geographical indication products; (2) among all sweetpotato national geographical indication products, only the protection scope of Tongren sweetpotato vermicelli was at the prefecture-city level, while the protection scope of other sweetpotato geographical indication products were at the county level or township level; (3) some of these sweetpotato geographical indication products were existing bred varieties, while others were local traditional varieties; (4) by the end of 2020, a total of 18 companies had been authorized by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine to use sweetpotato ‘Geographical Indication Product Special Marks’; (5) the sweetpotato geographical indication industry has gradually developed in China, but there are still some problems. The development countermeasures were proposed according to the status quo: (1) strengthening variety breeding and utilization; (2) establishing national quality standards; (3) enhancing the protection of place of origin; (4) standardizing the use of special marks; (5) building well-known brands. This research will provide reference for promoting the protection of Chinese sweetpotato geographical indications and the development of industrial economy.

Land degradation and land use sustainability in ecologically fragile areas have attracted much attention in recent years, and it is necessary to study the eco-geographic pattern and land use ecological risk in such areas. African continent is one of the typical areas on the earth, which has ecologically fragile conditions. Based on the distribution data of temperature zone, dryness, terrain and vegetation, the eco-geographic regions in African continent were divided by using GIS software and landscape index model was introduced to give descriptions to each region. Also, the land use ecological risks in African continent were discussed at regional scale. It was found that: the eco- geographic pattern in African continent could be divided into 6 regions (northwestern mountainous region, northern desertification region, north- central transitional region, central basin region, eastern rift valley plateau region and southern plateau region), and 32 sub-regions. Spatial trend of drought (arid core area) was toward the central part of northern desertification region, north part of eastern rift valley plateau region and southwest part of southern plateau region. With increasing human land use activities, semi- arid and sub- humid arid areas around central basin region would be affected by land desertification risks, and areas with undulating terrain and abundant rainfalls would be affected by soil water erosion risks, respectively.

In Pu’er City, the wild tea tree was widespread, the species was large and the type was rich. It was rare valuable resources in the tea scientific research. Through literature review, this paper investigated the points for the region of the geographical distribution of wild tea tree resources and morphological diversity: (1) it was mainly distributed in Ning’er, Jing’Dong, Zhen’Yuan, Jing’Gu, Mo’Jiang, Xi’Meng, Meng’Lian and so on 7 counties; (2) It had a lot of diversity in the types and morphological characteristics. Wild tea tree in the process of system development has the characteristics of the original features, the most abundant genetic diversity, one of the most primary tea tree germplasm resources conservation and research value. Everyone should care and love, participate in the wild tea tree research to development and protection.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetically structural differences of different geographical domestic horses and provide some molecular biology evidences for the maternal origins and domestication of the horses. The better knowledge about it was helpful for the evaluation of the genetic resources of the horses. We investigated the complete mitochondrial Cytb sequence of 36 samples from four horse breeds, Mongolian horse, Xinihe horse, Sanhe horse and Thoroughbred by amplification and direct sequencing. Combining with all the horse Cytb sequences deposited in GenBank, a total of 219 horse Cytb sequences were collected. 86 different haplotypes with 80 polymorphic sites were revealed with the analysis of the total Cytb sequences, and the haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.946 and 0.00454, respectively, indicating abundant genetic diversity in domestic horses. For the first time, we analyzed the differences of horse maternal structure in different geographic areas based on Cytb sequences, by dividing the total samples into North American, West European, East European, Middle East, Central Asian and East Asian groups. It was shown that the significant differences were only observed between North American group and three Asian groups. On the one hand, it indicated that the ingression within the horses in the Eurasian continent was great; on the other hand, it supported the assertion that the domesticated horses of North America originated from Europe to some extent. Seven distinct haplogroups (A-G) were revealed in the founded Median Joining network, supporting the multiple maternal origins of the horses. Moreover, all the seven horse haplogroups were composed of horses from several different geographic regions. Besides, there was no obvious correspondence between the geographic regions, maternal structure, and maternal origins among all the domesticated horses around the world.

Traditional QR codes are simple expressions of attribute information, but lack geographic information content. The paper aims to visualize of the spatial information of agricultural production area. Through the analysis of the spatial attributes of two- dimensional codes, the concept of geographic twodimensional codes is proposed, and the origin-product-consumer information inquiry and traceability channels are established. The agricultural product geographical two-dimensional code integrates the digital map with the spatial location information of the production areas in the form of images to be passed to the consumers, aiming to satisfy the consumers’concern about the source of agricultural products, establish the channel of traceability of agricultural products’sources and realize the quick and easy query to safeguard the rights and interests of agricultural products brands. Taking the selenium-enriched tea in Ziyang County of Shaanxi Province as an example, a geographic map code for agricultural products based on digital maps was designed.

The filed experiment of different biochar rates, which the amounts were 0 (CK), 6, 12, 24, 48 t/hm² , was conducted in red soil. Soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield were analyzed. The results showed that: compared with CK, the soil bulk density of different biochar rates were reduced by 4.8%-16.3%, and soil capillary porosity were increased by 8.1%- 21.6% . The soil aggregate that more than 0.5 mm was decreased with the increasing of biochar amounts, but the soil aggregate that less than 0.5 mm was increased with the increasing of biochar amounts. Soil MWD in 6, 12, 24, 48 t/hm² biochar were cut down by 7.93%, 25.39%, 30.15% and 28.57% compared with CK. However, their soil pH and CEC were increased by 0.19- 1.02 units and 0.80-2.46 cmol/kg. Finally, the maize yield of biochar were increased 32.5%-80.0% compared with CK, and the fitting curve equation was y=-5.9507x²+358.45x+6689.7, therefore, the best rate of biochar application was 30 t/hm² in red soil.

Based on the research on the law of morphological characteristics variation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds from different geographic provenances in Shanxi Province, this paper revealed the relationship between geographic variation and environmental factors, in order to utilize the geographic variation of population from different provenances. This paper compared the seeds traits variations of the wild adult trees from 18 geographic provenances in Shanxi Province with variance analysis, partial correlation and cluster analysis. The differences of length, width, thickness, morphological indices and 1000-grain weight of seeds from 18 geographic provenances were significant. The morphological indices above were positively correlated with annual average temperature of geographic habitat. There was an obvious law of geographic variation in morphological indices of seeds, the morphological indices decreased gradually with the increase of longitude. There was no obvious geographic and air temperature variation law of oil yielding rate. The oil yielding rate of kernel, seed and seed shell were negatively related with elevation. The oil yielding rate of seed was also affected by the annual precipitation, and it increased gradually with the increase of annual precipitation. The Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds of 18 geographic provenances could be classified into 4 types according to the morphological characteristics and oil yielding rate using UPGMA method.

To assess growth performance of hybrid progeny of grass carps from ten different geographical origins (Foshan population, Zhaoqing population, Jingzhou population 1, Jingzhou population 2, Jingzhou population 3, Ezhou population, Yiyang population, Changsha population 1, Changsha population 2 and Jiangsu population), fifteen hybrid combinations were constructed and cultured in the same pond. Body mass was measured at the age of 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 months. Using body mass at the age of 4 months as covariant, growth performance of hybrid progeny was analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed that the average body mass of Jingzhou population 2♀×Foshan population♂ was 1892.90 g at the age of 18 months and was 3.51%~32.36% higher than that of other hybrid progeny. Multiple comparison analysis showed that average body mass of hybrid progeny of Jingzhou population 2 ♀ × Foshan population ♂ and Jingzhou population 1♀× Foshan population♂ were significantly higher than that of other hybrid progeny (P＜0.05). Jingzhou population 2♀× Foshan population♂ and Jingzhou population 1♀×Foshan population♂ were the optimized choice to produce high quality fry. The results will lay foundation for seeking Ctenopharyngodon idella populations who have rapid growth.

The paper elaborated FAO’s geographic representation system, including the job classification and the methodology for calculating the geographic distribution representation. We collected the data of nationals working for FAO enrolled in geographic representation yearly from 2001 to 2017 and analyzed the trend of change. Then from the realistic and the historical perspectives, we analyzed the geographic representation conditions of main member countries and estimated the influence made by the assessed contribution adjustment to the geographic representation. In view of that China still was a under-represented country in the Secretariat of FAO, we put forward countermeasures like planning to apply for the Director General of FAO, urging FAO to improve the efficiency of recruiting, expanding the recruitment propaganda and establishing a senior talent pool.

Agricultural land scale management has great significance to improve food production, protect cultivated land and increase farmers’income. Existing study mainly focused on the policy system or study from the social and economic perspective, had not taken the nature attribute of agricultural land into consideration, but the nature attribute has direct action and impact to the agricultural land management scale. The paper takes three townships of Heilongjiang as the study area, takes the remote sensing image in 2015 as the data source, under the platform of RS and GIS, establishes the agricultural land scale management database, uses the measuring geographic model to get the natural influencing factors, uses the questionnaires to get the environmental influencing factors,uses logistics model to find out the main influencing factors to agricultural land scale management, and rank the main influencing factors, in order to analysis the action mechanism of the factors to agricultural land scale management. The result has great significance to protect the food security and promote the process of agricultural modernization.

In view of the excellent performance of the industrial competitiveness of industrial clusters， cluster strategy has become an important strategic move for many domestic and foreign government regional development.This article will Panax Notoginseng Industries of Wenshan as research sample， which is the the success of Yunnan industrial clusters to promote the regional characteristics of agricultural development typical.And thus the analysis of industrial clusters to promote the causes of the regional characteristics of agricultural development， role， and sum up experience， to promote the Yunnan Province regional characteristics of agricultural products leapfrog for reference.

Land cover classification data is an important part of the geographical conditions survey Data. Combining with the characteristics of the project area and basic data, the content of land cover classification data, collecting basic principles and the image interpretation, etc., this paper, taken Dianjiang district in Chongqing as an example, analyzed and concluded the issues in the process of data acquisition in detail, solved the problems should be paid attention to in the indoor interpretation and the procedures needing follow and Matters needing attention on the field investigation and sample build process, in order to better ensure the quality of achievements, andprovide some help for the geographical conditions survey work.

To clarify the marginalization of farmland in Guangdong which is a developed area and its main influencing factors, using three major diagnostic indicators of “unit cost net income index”, “agricultural land use intensity index” and “agricultural crop planting area index”, we summarized the marginalization characteristics of farmland in Guangdong from 2000 to 2015, selected 19 factors affecting the marginalization characteristics of farmland, and explored the core influencing factors of farmland marginalization by geo-detector method. The results showed that: there were 3 obvious farmland marginalization in Guangdong from 2000 to 2015, appeared in 2001-2002, 2005-2006 and 2010-2013, respectively, and the third marginalization lasted for the longest time and was the most serious; the level of social and economic development and structural indicators and the indicators of changes in the structure of rural household resource elements had a great impact on the marginalization of farmland, among them, the proportion of tertiary industry value, the fixed assets investment of rural farmers, and the total planting area of grain had a strong explanatory power to the marginalization of farmland, q was 0.8067, 0.8055, 0.7916, respectively. Any interaction between the two factors can enhance the explanatory power of the marginalization of farmland.

In this study,the phenotypic traits of 45 A.caeruleum germplasm resources were analyzed by the genetic diversity in order to effective evaluation and utilization of Allium resources. [Result]The results showed that A.caeruleum distributed in mountain grasslands,arid desert and arid grasslands,81°09′N - 86°38′ N,48°15′ E - 43°15′E,altitude 320- 1896 m,along the north of the Tian Shan Mountains and the south of Altai Mountains that were divided into seven ecological zones. The coefficient of variation were between 21.19-700％,genetic diversity index were between 0.10 and 1.68 of 15 quantitative traits. The principal component analysis showed that the total loading of the bulbil number,bulbil size,bulblet size,bulblet number and root size was above 0.90,respectively. The differences appearing in root, bulb and inflorescence were among them response to their habitats. [Conclusion]A.caeruleum has geographically widespread distribution zones. Its habitat is diverse and the adaptation is strong. The result revealed that the broad genetic diversity existed among these quantitative traits.