Based on the observation of the apricot tree phenology and the daily average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours of the corresponding period in Kashi City, and Yecheng, Shache, Bachu and Maigaiti County of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang, the relationship between the beginning of apricot flowering and meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that among the various meteorological factors, the lowest temperature has the greatest impact on flowering, followed by the average temperature and sunlight, and the precipitation and other meteorological factors have less influence. The temperature in the study area is positively correlated to the flowering period of the apricot tree. From 1984 to 2019, the minimum temperature and average temperature increase in Kashi from late February to late March was 0.2-1.7℃/10 years. The apricot flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering was ahead of time by 5.3 to 8.7, 3.1 to 5.6, and 2.2 to 3.6 d/10 a, respectively. In apricot flowering period forecasting service, the daily average temperature of north, south and east of Kashi passed through ≥0℃ from day 1 to 34, day 39 to 41, day 37 to 39, or the accumulated temperature passed ≥0℃ before flowering reaching 250, 270-280, and 250-270℃, respectively, or the sliding average temperature of 5 days before the beginning of flowering passed≥12℃ could be used as the basis for predicting the beginning of apricot tree flowering.

Abstract: According to the observation data of meteorological stations and stations, relevant disaster data and national economic data of Jiangsu province in the past 35 years from 1983 to 2017, In this paper, five meteorological disasters, including severe convection, rainstorm, flood, drought, typhoon and snowstorm, with the largest losses, are selected as the main research objects, analyzed the spatial and temporal variations characteristics of major meteorological disaster events in Jiangsu province. According to the research, rainstorm and flood occurred mainly in summer (June to August), mainly in July. The high-value area is mainly located in the northern part of Huaibei, lixia river area and the western part of southern Jiangsu along the river. Severe convection disasters mainly occur in spring and summer (March to August), The distribution area is concentrated in the coastal areas of Jiangsu province and lixia river region, with Yancheng and Nantong region being the most serious. The drought disaster lasts for a long time, occurs in all seasons of the year, and was a wide range of distribution. Generally showing the trend of light weight in the southeast and heavy weight in the northwest. The great value area is located along the Huaihe Huaibei east area and Ningzhen Yang hilly area. Typhoon disaster mainly occurs in summer (from June to August), and its impact range is typically larger in coastal areas than in inland areas. Snow disasters mainly occur in winter (December to February of the next year), with the largest number in January, the occurrence of high frequency area is irregular sporadic distribution. In this study, direct economic loss and death population were used to characterize the evolution of meteorological disasters. The results showed that the cumulative death population showed an overall downward trend. From the 1980s to now, the total number of deaths due to meteorological disasters decreased by 83%.Direct economic losses showed a significant upward trend, with the economic losses after 1998 about 1.38 times as much as before. In general, the loss rate of meteorological disasters fluctuates and declines, and the regional loss rate since 2010 is about 0.1%.

There are many factors which can affect the yield of sugarcane, including the natural conditions, production conditions, cultivation system, cultivation and management technologies and variety characteristics, and the sugarcane yield is also closely related to meteorological factors. Rainfall has key influence on sugarcane at elongating and maturity stage, and has a positive correlation with the yield. The exploration and utilization of drought resistance genes can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane. Atmospheric relative humidity, temperature and light are important factors affecting sugarcane elongation, sugar content accumulation and yield per unit area. Under the influence of unique climate condition, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane are limited by factors such as drought, typhoon, flood, low temperature and high humidity and etc. Based on the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors of rainfall, humidity, sunshine on sugarcane yield, the research progress of sugarcane stress resistance genes were summarized. It was proposed that the development of molecular-marker assisted selective sugarcane breeding could play an important role in increasing sugarcane yield, and support the research on the relationship between agrometeorology and sugarcane production.

In order to forecast the occurrence degree of corn borer, so as to gain a better prevention and treatment of corn borer, based on the observation data of corn borer in Tonghua from 1981-2007 , the author finally found out the meteorological factors which were closely related to the occurrence degree of corn borer. The author divided the occurrence degree of corn borer into three grades, namely mild, moderate and severe occurrence, and meantime divided the related meteorological factors into three degrees, based on the maximum correlation coefficient principle, and assign values to prediction and vary grades of prediction factors, and by statistic means the author created the meteorological forecast model for the occurrence degree of corn borer in Tonghua City. The accurate rate of the model testing was 81.5%, and the forecast testing was very well, too. The forecast model had a certain level of usability. And it could provide scientific evidence for the corn borer prevention and treatment work in Tonghua. At the same time, through the observation data, it proved that the low temperature of winter in Tonghua had no effects on the death rate of the overwintering larvae and the density of overwintering larvae was little related to the occurrence degree of the corn borer in Tonghua City.Key words: Occurrence degree of corn borer; Meteorological grade; Forecast Model

Climate is the one of the most important ecological conditions to the flue-cured tobacco. For grasping the relationships between Yunnan flue-cured tobacco chemical quality and the climate conditions in flue-cured tobacco field birth periods and making it clear about climate ecological foundation of Yunnan flue-cured tobacco chemical quality, the correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the climate data and flue-cured tobacco chemical quality in Yunnan Province in 2004. While taking advantage of AHP was given a comprehensive evaluation of the results of flue-cured tobacco and conduct a preliminary analysis of the relationship with weather conditions, and regression equation. The results showed that analysis of the quality of flue-cured tobacco was compelling; Yunnan flue-cured tobacco quality had the close relationship with the precipitation and sunshine hours in April and May, which play a leading role in precipitation.

In to analyze the effect of the meteorological conditions in winter on the number of live corn borers after the winter in Dalian area, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the corn borers. Based on the recent 10-year meteorological data and the number of live corn borers after the winter in Dalian region, the correlation between the number of live corn borers after winter and the meteorological elements during the winter was analyzed. The results indicated that the number of corn borers after winter was significantly influenced by the meteorological conditions from late October to November. Low winter temperatures did conducive to their survival. More precipitation was beneficial to the increase in the number of live borers, in November. Established the statistical forecasting models of corn borer live pests after winner in Dalian region.

In order to study the effect of meteorological factors on different fall dormancy alfalfa after regeneration performance influence, using a completely randomized block design of the United States, 11 standard control fall dormancy alfalfa Varieties in autumn cutting regeneration relationship with meteorological factors. The results showed that: In Beijing area each fall dormancy alfalfa cutting in autumn two weeks after regeneration appeared significant differences, different fall dormancy alfalfa plant regeneration of height change and three meteorological factors of residual effect is smaller, descriptions of other factors on alfalfa fall cutting plantlet regeneration of high impact is not significant, it can be accumulated temperature, photoperiod and precipitation on fall dormancy of alfalfa as the main factor of influence. Its effects are accumulated temperature> sunshine time > precipitation. The accumulated temperature and photoperiod on alfalfa fall cutting height has the greatest effect on regeneration after. Effects of accumulated temperature on regeneration to direct effects, there is a significant positive relationship; light hours and precipitation by accumulated temperature on the regeneration of highly positive effects, and its regeneration the direct effects of negative effect.

Agrometeorology is a basic science of agronomy that focuses on the interactions and rules between meteorological condition and agriculture production. It is also an interdisciplinary subject relates to atmospheric, geological, biological, ecological, engineering, resource and environmental science, et al. In retrospect of the development history and route in the world and China, agrometeorology has been developed constantly by insisting on demand and issue guide to explore the scientific solutions for agricultural growth and science itself; insisting on tracing the international scientific frontier to perfect the relevant theories and methodologies so as to achieve a qualitative leap from interpretation science to experiment science; insisting on absorbing and merging the latest scientific findings and technical invention to derive emerging interdisciplinary branches and filed. The major science and technology findings in relate to agrometeorology, such as agro-climatic zonation in China, agro-climatic resource exploitation, agrometeorological forecast and yield estimation by remote sensing, climate change impact on agriculture, greenhouse gas emissions and its countries list, key technology and its regional governance of dryland agriculture, agrometeorological disaster prevention technology, urban facilities horticulture and so on, had played a fundamental and crucial role in ensuring national food security and supporting the development of modern agriculture. Looking forward to the future, agrometeorology will play a crucial role and function in the fields of agro-climatic resource and agricultural layout optimization, bio-meteorology and agricultural green growth, agrometeorological disaster mitigation and risk management, microclimate and plant factory, agrometeorological information and smart agriculture.

Based on the observation data of rape fixed-point experiment from 2011 to 2018, the effects of low temperature on rape podding rate and seed number per pod were analyzed in different flowering periods. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between meteorological factors and seed loss rate was established. The results showed that: the effects of low temperature on seed setting were mainly moderate and severe before February 25, mainly mild in the middle and last ten days of March, and mainly mild and moderate from February 26 to March 10. The relationship between rape seed loss rate with the average daily minimum temperature and daily average rainfall during the flowering stage was not significant, but the relationship between seed loss rate with average temperature, average daily maximum temperature, average sunshine hours, and average daily relative humidity at flowering were significant. With the decrease of average flowering temperature, the average maximum temperature decreased and the relative humidity increased. When the relative humidity of air was 70% and the daily average temperature was ≤6.9℃, or the relative humidity of air was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤8.0℃, rape would suffer from moderate damage. When the relative humidity of air in flowering time was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.3℃, or the relative humidity of air was 85% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.8℃, the rape would suffer from severe damage. The cold accumulated temperature indexes of rape flowering and seed setting under different weather types were determined. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥16.5℃, or the index of cold accumulated temperature of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥5.0℃, it was moderate damage. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥37.5℃, or the cold accumulated temperature index of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥26.0℃, it was severe damage. The results could provide technical support for early warning evaluation and agrometeorological service of disaster reduction and prevention in rape production.

Based on the daily meteorological data and the drought disaster data of 156 stations in Sichuan Province during 1991-2013, the classification standard of the actual drought disasters was established with the method of grey correlation. The applicability of MCI in Sichuan Province was analyzed, and which was revised by using the method of projection pursuit. The results showed that the grey correlation degree of selecting three indexes of crop disaster area, social disaster population and direct economic loss could well describe the comprehensive loss of drought disaster. The applicability analysis showed that the accuracy rate of drought grade assessment based on MCI was generally low, of which the special drought occurred 21 times, and the MCI evaluation result reached 115. The inaccurate assessment of drought levels might be related to the gradual improvement of irrigation and water capacity in Sichuan province. Based on the reference sequence of the disaster grey correlation degree, the influence of each component of MCI on the actual drought was revealed by the projection pursuit method, and the optimal projection direction was found, and the revised coefficient of MCI indexes were established. Compared with MCI, the revised MCInew had significantly improved the evaluation ability of drought grade, and the accuracy of drought assessment increased from 16.5% to 62.5%. A case study also indicated that MCInew was more consistent with the actual drought occurrence and development.

To discuss the effects of agro-meteorological disasters on soybean yield in Heilongjiang. Based on the data of agro-meteorological disasters and soybean yield in Heilongjiang from 1974 to 2016, we analyzed the sequential variation characteristics of agro-meteorological disasters and soybean yield with the mathematical statistics method, and established the mathematical model based on the gray correlation analysis, constructed the disaster rate with the disaster-affected range and the disaster intensity, and divided the research period into two stages from 1982-1998 and 1999-2016. The results showed that: the agro-meteorological disasters had a negative impact on soybean yield in Heilongjiang; in the view of the disaster-affected range and the disaster intensity perspective, the drought disaster was the key agro-meteorological disasters to affect the soybean yield in Heilongjiang during 1982-1998 (phase 1); the flood had a great impact on disaster-affected range, and the effects of wind hail on the disaster intensity were great during 1999-2016 (phase 2). In conclusion, the most serious period for soybean yield is phase 1 (during 1982-1998); 4 types of disasters have a greater impact on the total yield and yield per unit area of soybean; on the second stage from 1999 to 2016, the impact of 4 types of disasters on the yield per unit ares is greater than that on the total yield of soybean.

To quantitatively assess the meteorological conditions for Qinglong chestnut growth, and obtain scientific and reliable fruit certification results, based on the measured data of meteorological station in Qinglong from 1971 to 2018, the temporal variations of climate factors including temperature, sunlight and water were analyzed, and a comprehensive meteorological evaluation index C (0C≤1) was established by DTOPSIS method. Taking 2008 to 2018 as examples, the chestnut climate quality was certified and compared with the C value. The results showed that from 1971 to 2018, the variation of temperature had a significantly increasing trend, precipitation and sunshine hours were decreased, January was the coldest with the least precipitation, July was the hottest with the most precipitation; 45.8% of the years had C≥0.5, the larger the C value, the more suitable the meteorological conditions for chestnut. There was a positive correlation between the quality grade of chestnut and the C value, which had a good indication for the evaluation and prediction of chestnut fruit in the future.

The paper aims to analyze the regional distribution and trend of main agro-meteorological disasters in facility agriculture under the background of climate change. According to the meteorological data of 7 stations in Dalian from 1971 to 2014, the climatic characteristics and frequency of cold wave, sparse sunlight, gale and snow disaster were calculated by the standards of agro-meteorological disasters, and the changing trend and spatial characteristics of the four meteorological disasters in facility agriculture in the past 44 years were analyzed with linear trend method and Mann-Kendall method. The results showed that frequency of cold wave, sparse sunlight and gale had a remarkable change from 1971 to 2014 in Dalian. Frequency of cold wave and gale had experienced an obvious reducing trend in the past 44 years, the declining trend of cold wave and gale frequency reached a significant level with M-K trend values as -2.33 and -7.11, respectively. There was a significant increasing trend of sparse sunlight in Dalian, the M-K trend value was 4.43. The four meteorological disasters in facility agriculture also had distinct regional variations. The frequency of cold wave of Changhai was 3 times of that of Lvshun in the past 44 years, the frequency of gale had the spatial characteristics as follows: the coastland and the island had more gale than inland; the area near western coastland had more gale than area near eastern coastland. As a result, the reduction of cold waves and gale in Dalian will benefit the planting structure optimization, but the increase of sparse sunlight days is a new challenge to the farmers.

To better promote the rapid development of local grape industry in Yanjing of Mankang County of Qamdo City in Tibet, this study adopted parallel observation and mathematical statistics method to carry out the artificial observation on grape phenological phase and the automatic monitoring of meteorological elements, and then, according to the obtained data, analyzed the climate adaptability of grape at different growth periods and put forward disaster prevention countermeasures. The results showed that grapes in Yanjing generally began budding from early to late March, and entered the flowering period in early and middle May. The berry enlargement period came in late June to early July, after more than a month, grapes began to turn color and matured in mid-October. The leaves fell in late October and the grapevine went into the period of dormancy. Yanjing grapes needed about 200 days from budding to ripening. The light condition in Yanjing could fully meet the needs of normal growth and development of grapes, and the daily temperature in the budding period was mostly above 10℃. The average daily temperature in the flowering period was 16.4-20.6℃, and more than 80% of the period was above 25℃. The average daily maximum temperature was 21.9-28.0℃ and the wind speed was strong during the berry enlargement period, and the wind speed could reach 10 m/s for more than 20 days. From budding to fruit bearing period, there was little precipitation，while the rain continued to increase from the berry enlargement period but still could not meet the growth and development demand of grapes, which must be supplemented by irrigation.

Jizhou District of Tianjin is the main local production area of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus nebrodensis. The income of mushroom growers’ planting greenhouses depends on meteorological conditions to some extent, and using the meteorological indexes reasonably could guide the production of edible fungi. We analyzed the corresponding time for each stage of edible fungi production according to the meteorological conditions, and summarized the impact of harsh weather on mushroom growers in 2017 and 2018. Then, we put forward countermeasures for the cultivation of edible fungi under possible local meteorological disasters. The early warning and prevention of long-term meteorological disasters carried out by coordinated operation of scientific research institutes, meteorological department and early warning information release center might provide production tips for mushroom growers in the main mushroom producing areas in Jizhou District of Tianjin.

In order to better evaluate the Shandong agricultural meteorological station, research on regulation of soil water movement, according to the data from 120 moisture measurement stations in Shandong Province, the author measured different soil texture and wilting coefficient, using Van Genuchten model to describe soil water characteristic curve (h-? curve) to establish the connection between moisture volume ratio and soil water potential based on agricultural meteorological automatic observatory of Shandong Province. The comprehensive analysis indicated that: sticky soil had higher stable and effective water content in field than sand, so the sticky soil could stably provide water to plant and coordinate water themselves, thus sticky soil had a strong ability in resistance to drought and flood.

The agrometeorological index system of Wallace melon sugar content is the basis of quantitatively evaluating the quality of Wallace melon, and also the basis of agrometeorological service for the melon production. This paper explained the connotation of agrometeorological index system of Wallace melon, and compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the research methods of agrometeorological indexes comprehensively. Then, based on the general rule, the agrometeorological index system of temperature, moisture, humidity and evaporation in the key growth periods was established. The results showed that 20 indexes passed the 0.01 significance level test, and 6 indexes passed the 0.05 significance level test. The biological significance and agrometeorological significance of the selected indexes were obvious, which accorded with the production practice. In order to facilitate the development of agrometeorological service, all the indexes were divided into the most suitable, less suitable and unsuitable groups. The model passed the significance test of 0.01, and the fitting rate reached 94.4%, showing precise fitting effect. Therefore, the model can be used to evaluate the quality of Wallace melon.

In order to make the real time observation of agro-meteorological data reliable and accurate, this study designed an agro-meteorological observation system based on the internet of things. The system used B/S mode and professional databases in the Eclipse development environment to realize the data acquisition combined with application in real-time, it also solved the problem of data and application software separation, and monitoring and analysis function with low real-time in the past. At the same time, the background application software automatically pushed agricultural weather forecast information to users by the front-end wireless sensor network with real-time data combined with expert knowledge. In summary, the agro-meteorological observation system described in this paper can push the information accurately and timely, it greatly satisfied the modern agriculture demands on accurate meteorological service.

In order to implement objective, real-time and dynamic monitoring and warning for waterlogging disasters of farmland in Jiangsu Province, according to the farmland water balance principles, meteorological and agro-meteorological disaster information gathered by national basic meteorological observation stations from 1961 to 2014, as well as soil moisture data from automatic observational stations were used to construct the meteorological monitoring and warning model for waterlogging disasters in Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, the model provided an effective method for scientific prevention of waterlogging disasters by dynamically acquiring itsoccurrence time, range and intensity, as well as the development trend and persistent period. The forecasting accuracy could reach 97%, since the monitoring and early warning operational system was applied in daily work from June 2014. Particularly, the operational system had outstanding performance in dynamic monitoring and early warning for the development and progression of typical waterlogging disasters, such as persistent low temperature and rain in the summer of 2014 and continuous heavy rain in June 2015, by providing daily occurrence degrees for those areas having waterlogging disasters. Therefore, the monitoring and warning system had provided important references for the managing and producing departments to timely master disaster situations and make scientific responses.

To construct a local peanut yield forecasting model based on the influence of meteorological factors in Anhui, and provide reference for exploring the economic benefits of peanut and coping with the risk of meteorological disasters, grey correlation analysis on peanut meteorological output and meteorological factors from 2000 to 2017 of all cities in Anhui was conducted. The meteorological factors with greater correlation were screened out and a yield prediction model based on stepwise regression was established. The results showed that the correlation between Anhui peanut production and meteorological factors during growth period was followed the order of average temperature in May > light hours in July > light hours in May > light hours in June > the average temperature in July > light hours in August > the average temperature in August > the average temperature in June > precipitation in August > precipitation in July > precipitation in May > precipitation in June. Furthermore, peanut production over the years was tested based on the peanut per unit yield prediction model, revealing that the root mean square error between the predicted value and actual value was 815 kg/hm² and the fitting index was 0.81. The prediction model is proved to have certain application value.

With the global warming and frequent occurrence of high temperature events, the probability of rice being affected by high temperatures increases. Rice field temperature is the foundation for studying the high temperature heat damage and its impact on rice. Therefore, the wide-scale inversion of rice field temperature could help relevant departments set up a wide-range rice field temperature data in a short time and carry out research on rice high temperature heat damage and decision making. In this study, the 8-day synthetic data of MOD09A1 was used to extract rice planting areas in Anhui Province. Then the temperature of the AWS (automatic weather station) in the rice planting area and the four LST values such as MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 were used for multiple stepwise regression. The optimal equation for estimating the maximum and average temperature from remote sensing data was obtained, with the R² of 0.728 and 0.825, root mean square errors (RSME) of 2.21 and 1.54, and mean absolute errors (MEA) of 1.73 and 1.15, respectively. Finally, the method of inverting rice field air temperature based on satellite remote sensing information and AWS air temperature data was developed. The method was well applied in the extraction of rice planting areas and the inversion of final temperature in Anhui Province in 2017.

To research the application of new media in rural public meteorological service, we analyzed the traditional media and new media, and the media demand and media application of traditional farmers and a new generation of farmers concerning rural public meteorological service by taking farmers and media in Deyang of Sichuan as example and adopting Weighted and Calculated Needs for New Media (WCN for short), questionnaire survey, field visits, statistical analysis and other methods. The results showed that: the application of new media in rural public meteorological service development was slow but had more potential compared with the traditional media; the possibility and sustainability of a new generation of farmers to accept the new media to release meteorological information was higher than that of traditional farmers; in the situation that important demand of rural public meteorological services could not be satisfied by traditional media, farmers began to anticipate that the new media could meet their needs, resulting in the new media gradually accepted in rural public meteorological services and a positive tendency of using the new media.

The paper aims to study the effect of meteorological condition in different growth stages of blueberry on the quality formation, and provide reference for improving scientific introduction and planting management. With the blueberry quality data from 14 planting sites of different altitudes and different slopes in 2012 and 2013, the effects of meteorological elements on blueberry quality were analyzed by using correlation analysis method. The results showed that: heat condition was the most important factor of blueberry quality. The heat condition from budding to full productive stage directly affected the accumulation of fruit sugar and had large effect on blueberry taste. Temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours had relatively great influence on blueberry fruit quality from early fruiting to full productive stage. Low temperature in the flowering stage and too much rain in the maturity stage were main unfavorable meteorological factors that affected the quality of blueberry planting in Guizhou.

The paper aims to study the influence of meteorological factors on maple leaves’ turning red and forecast maple leaves viewing index. Using 3 meteorological observation stations (Benxin, Benxinxian, Huanren) meteorological data and 65 monitoring samples in 16 monitoring areas (Guanmenshan park, Laobiangou scenic area, Chinese maple leaf road, maple valley and so on) maple leaf phenological data from September to October in 2014-2017, we analyzed the meteorological conditions affecting the discoloration of maple leaves and the characteristics of the best viewing period. Results indicate: (1) the average time of entering the first red state in Liaodong mountain area is on September 26, and the average time of entering the positive red state is October 8th. Maple leaves becomes the red states in the early first frost day significantly ahead of time corresponding to the first frost day period in which the spot red state is good, there are more than 70% of the samples becoming red state 1 day prior to 1 day after the first frost day. (2) The effect of temperature on maple leaf discoloration is remarkable, and the lower the average temperature, highest temperature and lowest temperature, the higher the color changing rate of maple leaves grows in the beginning of the coloring of maple leaf. Precipitation has a certain effect on the discoloration of maple leaves. In the years with more rainfall in July and September, the maple leaves enters the best viewing late state, but the viewing period of maple leaves was longer. (3) After September 16, maple leaf enters the beginning of the red state when the daily averaged temperature is 12-18 ℃, the red state when the averaged daily temperature is 5-15 ℃, and the early red state when the daily minimum temperature is below 10 ℃, and accumulated more than 3 d, the red state when the daily minimum temperature is lower than 6 ℃, and accumulated more than 3d, turning red when the range of daily temperature is greater than 15 ℃, and accumulated more than 3 d.(4) There is an obvious cooling before the maple leaves enters the initial red state. The initial red state will appear in the 1std or 2nd after cooling, and the spot red state will appear in the 3rd or 4thd after the cooling.(5) According to the analysis result, the fenghong meteorological index was established, being divided into four levels, which represent suitable, suitable, unsuitable and unsuitable. The level connotation corresponds to the degree of maple viewing, which falls from the first to the fourth grade. Key words: maple leaf rate; correlation analysis; meteorological conditions threshold; maple weather index; additive method of factors

In order to study the relationship among the forest negative air ions concentration and forest category and meteorologic condition, In this thesis, choose the suitable sample as the research object in the Arctic Village area. select a representative Arctic Village area forest partition negative air ions of forest environments from summer and autumn in 2013, statistical analysis of the collected data by means of time scale average and correlation analysis,and through research get that the relationship among the forest negative air ions concentration and forest category and meteorologic condition. The results showed that the negative air ion concentration in Arctic Village forest was between 548-1203 ions?cm-3, average concentration about 892 ions?cm-3. the negative oxygen ion concentration is positively correlated with air temperature and humidity, and is negative correlation with humidity. the negative air ion concentration of larch plots is higher than that of scotch pine plots, and different seasons had a great influence on the concentration of negative oxygen ions. To revealed the relationship among the negative oxygen ion concentration of Arctic Village area and forest category and season and meteorological factors.

Dongshan town in Wuzhong District of Suzhou is one of the four traditional loquat production areas in China, and loquat is an important cash crop in Wuzhong District. However, the annual yield of loquat is unstable because its growth and development are easily affected by meteorological conditions. Therefore, using meteorological data to analyze the influence of meteorological conditions on loquat is conducive to the scientific development of loquat industry and the promotion of meteorological services for agriculture. Based on the method of mathematical statistics, this paper analyzed the loquat yield and meteorological conditions from 2019 to 2021 in Wuzhong. The results showed that the overall meteorological conditions were relatively suitable for loquat growth from 2019 to 2021, but disastrous weather also existed at the same time. The main adverse meteorological conditions of loquat in 2019 were abnormally less sunshine at florescence and young fruit stage, excessive precipitation at florescence, and low temperature and the snow. The main adverse meteorological condition in 2020 was more sunshine in fruit expansion stage. In 2021, the main adverse meteorological conditions were low temperature and two cold wave processes at florescence and young fruit stage of loquat. According to loquat growth and yield at the same time, the main cause of blossom blight was continuous rainy days during flowering period, which could be characterized by the abnormally more precipitation and less sunshine. The anomaly percentage of sunshine less than -50% in two periods of ten days could be taken as the threshold value of loquat blossom blight. In addition, the low temperature, rain and snow caused by the cold wave process were the main reasons of the freezing damage on loquat flowers and corky bark on young fruits in 2021.

The paper aims to understand current situation of meteorological popular science propaganda in Hainan rural areas, and put forward development suggestions. We analyzed from the concern degree of weather forecast, the cognition degree of weather and meteorological factors, the cognitive degree of access to meteorological information, and the demand degree of meteorological popular science knowledge by means of questionnaire survey. The results showed that: the popularization rate of meteorological science knowledge in Hainan rural areas was only 59.58%, indicating that the popularity of meteorological science knowledge in Hainan rural areas was insufficient, and there were some problems, such as lacking of awareness of weather and meteorological factors closely related to life and production, and low understanding of channels to obtain meteorological information, and low demand for popularization of meteorological science knowledge and publicity methods. Therefore, in view of the present status, the local meteorological departments should further broaden the publicity channels of meteorological popular science, at the same time, form a “tripartite drive” and “three-dimensional intelligence” propaganda model, so as to exert influence on popularization of meteorological science in rural areas and make contributions to agricultural production and disaster prevention and mitigation.

The paper aims to provide meteorological forecast of development period of maize accurately and timely for local governments, agricultural sector and farmers. According to the temperature index of maize which sowed when daily average temperature through 10℃ steadily, and analysis of the interval number correlation of the average daily temperature through 10℃ and 5℃ steadily and through 5℃ steadily in Liaoyang city in 1956-2010, the regression equation was established by day series and interval number to predict the beginning day of the average daily temperature through 10℃ steadily. Based on the regression equation, sowing time was forecasted. By using the data of agricultural meteorological observatory in Dengta in 1981-2010, the relation of development speed of each period and weather conditions from sowing to maturity stage was analyzed. After inspection of the correlation for each period, the authors found that the correlation of alternate day number of development period and the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ was the best. Temperature susceptibility and photosensitive were strong from emergence to maturity, thereby the forecast model of sowing to flowering and jointing to maturation could be established to forecast flowering and maturation of maize. After inspection, it is found that the correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient and F value of these forecast model all reach a significant level of 0.01, the variation trend of back substitution and actual value is consistent comparatively, the absolute error (ABSE) and the standard error (RMSE) range between 2.0 and 4.3 days, which can meet the needs of agricultural meteorological operation and services and have the popularization andapplication value.

The paper aims to provide references for irrigation management and soil moisture prediction in cherry orchards. Based on the measured soil moisture, soil temperature and meteorological data, we analyzed the soil moisture and temperature characteristics, interrelationships and the statistical relationships with meteorological factors. The results showed that: the soil moisture in each layer of cherry orchard had different variation characteristics and had wave-mode supply and consumption under the combined action of precipitation and evapotranspiration; the change of soil temperature during the year was roughly an inverted "V" type; with the increase of soil depth, the stability of soil moisture and temperature increased; the change trend of soil moisture and soil temperature was synchronous, which was basically characterized by the simultaneous phenomenon of moisture and temperature. At different time scales, the main meteorological factors affected soil moisture during the dry and rainy season were different; with the increase of time scale, the response of soil temperature was more significant to air temperature. In conclusion, there is a cumulative effect in the response of soil moisture and temperature to meteorological factors, and the study could provide references for selecting forecast factors for soil moisture.

Based on the meteorological observation data of temperature, precipitation, humidity and sunshine on a ten-day basis from 1981 to 2019 and the yield data of yellow peach from 1982 to 2019, the variation trend of yellow peach yield and its response to meteorological factors were analyzed, and the meteorological forecasting model of Fengxian yellow peach yield was established using single factor index and correlation analysis, to analyze the effects of meteorological factors on the yield of yellow peach during the whole growth period from 2003 to 2019. The results showed that the yellow peach yield changed from the wavelike rise to fluctuation in 2003, and the yield variation coefficient was 22.9%. The correlation between meteorological factors and yield of yellow peach was higher in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage, followed by the stage of flower bud differentiation, germination to flowering and fruit-setting stage, and the correlation between meteorological factors and the yield of yellow peach fruit was small in the leaf fallen and dormant stage. Temperature (sunshine) in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage was positively correlated with the yield from April to June, but negatively correlated with the yield from July to August. The effect of precipitation (humidity) was basically opposite to that of temperature, and in late July, the minimum temperature, precipitation, precipitation days and sunshine were significantly correlated with the yield. The temperature at the stage of flower bud differentiation was positively correlated with the yield except from late July to early August and early September, and the last day with daily mean temperature no less than 10℃ in the previous year and the effective accumulated temperature at 10 and 20℃ in the previous year was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. The correlation between precipitation (number of precipitation days) and yield fluctuated greatly in each ten-day period at the stage of flower bud differentiation. In the leaf fallen and dormant stage, drought and insufficient cold storage capacity caused by warmer winters might have some influence on the yield. The least square partial regression equation of yellow peach yield based on meteorological factors has good fitting effect and can provide decision-making service for the production and management departments.

Based on the observation data of 12 national weather stations in Xianyang City in the winter of 2020/2021 (from December to February of the following year), and compared with the climatic standard values of winter from 1959 to 2019, the agrometeorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 in Xianyang and their impact on major crops and facility agriculture were analyzed. The results showed that the winter temperature in 2020/2021 was relatively high, the negative accumulated temperature in the north was insufficient, the precipitation was more, and the sunshine was less. During the winter, there were large-scale low-temperature cold waves, few sunshine and other agricultural meteorological disasters. The average temperature, the daily maximum temperature and the daily maximum precipitation broke through or were close to the historical extreme values. Generally speaking, the meteorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 had more harm than good to agricultural production. (1) The high temperature was conducive to the increase of tillering of winter wheat, but the wheat could not get cold hardening and was prone to freezing damage. (2) The lack of negative accumulated temperature in the north made winter wheat and rapeseed be more sensitive to the low temperature in spring, delayed the dormancy period of fruit trees and reduced the fruit setting rate of apple trees. (3) Less sunlight and more cloudy and overcast days caused low temperature in greenhouses and slowed the growth of greenhouse vegetables which had falling flowers and fruits. In cold wave weather, freezing injury could easily affect the yield and quality of vegetables. (4) At the same time, cold wave weather in winter was beneficial to killing insect eggs and reducing pests and diseases. (5) The first through-moisture rain in late February increased soil moisture and laid a good foundation for agricultural production in spring.

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the shrimp and crab breeding industry in Xiangyang of Hubei Province, and put forward corresponding measures for scientific breeding of shrimp and crab. The laws of meteorological factors' change were analyzed based on nearly 30 years data observed in Xiangyang. The authors reviewed the annual changing trend of main meteorological factors related to the breeding of shrimp and crab, such as temperature, sunshine hours, continuous wet weather, rainstorm, wind force and atmospheric pressure, and discussed the potential climate risks, in order to make rational use of weather forecasting and early warning to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and reduction. The results showed that suitable temperature, abundant rainfall, mild climate, sufficient sunshine and relatively fewer meteorological disasters could provide favorable climatic conditions for the breeding of shrimp and crab in Xiangyang. By analyzing the law of temperature change in Xiangyang and the relationship between air temperature and water temperature, the authors determined the best period of postlarvae release (after Qingming) and the best period of fishing (before Frost's Descent) for shrimp and crab breeding. At the same time, the authors also analyzed the effects of meteorological factors such as low temperature damage, sunshine hours, continuous rainstorm, gale and thunderstorms on the breeding of shrimp and crab, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to reduce the impact of weather disasters. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the local meteorological department to make medium and long-term climate prediction and short-term weather forecasting and warning services according to the shrimp and crab breeding cycle. Based on our research results, farmers should attach great importance to the application of early warning information and take active measures to reduce the loss of shrimp and crab breeding caused by meteorological disasters.

The aims are to understand the influence of meteorological factors variation on the growth of maize during grain-filling stage in East Gansu, and utilize climate resource rationally. The data collected in Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station were used to analyze the influence of sunshine, heat, water on maize yield components in the early stage of grain-filling (from flowering to milk-ripe stage), late stage of grain-filling (from milk-ripe to maturity stage) and whole stage of grain-filling (from flowering to maturity stage) in this area by mathematical statistics method. The results showed that there was a high negative effect of mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunlight hours on the yield components at every period of grain-filling stage, while a positive effect of mean minimal temperature as well as ≥10℃ accumulated temperature on the yield components. The precipitation amount showed a strong positive correlation with hundred-grain weight of maize in the whole grain-filling stage, but a weak positive correlation with the plant- grain weight of maize in the early and late stage of grain- filling. Crop water consumption showed a positive effect on the maize yield components in the late stage of grain-filling. There was an annually decreasing tendency of the mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunlight hours, while an annually increasing tendency of the mean minimal temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and precipitation amount. In conclusion, the heat and sunshine could meet the needs of maize growth during each grain-filling stage in East Gansu, water was the key element to limit maize yield. Climate change was conducive to maize grain filling and raising maize yield in East Gansu.

The authors installed a microclimate viewer in the grape greenhouses in Zhongtao Village, Sanlei Town of Minqin County from 2012 to 2014, used the observation data of temperature in the greenhouses and meteorological observation data in the same period, to analyze the influence of suitable production management, temperature change inside and outside of the greenhouse during laminating period as well as disastrous weather on greenhouse grapes. The results showed that, the temperature in the greenhouse was significantly higher than that outside the greenhouse, the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse showed the same change trend, temperature in greenhouse changed along with the change of temperature outside the greenhouse. For sunny days and cloudy days, the temperature changed inside and outside the greenhouse was different and there was obviously more change on sunny days than that on cloudy days. In addition, suitable greenhouse temperature was relatively good for grape growth, and too high or too low temperature inside the greenhouse and the disastrous weather had great adverse effects on grape growth. Moreover, the protecting measures under disastrous weather condition were put forward. The analysis provides certain technical guidance for safe greenhouse production, further enhances the ability of meteorological service for characteristic agriculture, and is of practical significance for local economic and social development.

The paper aims to understand the correlation between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors in Beibei District of Chongqing, and to provide a basis for improving air quality in Beibei. The authors analyzed the variation characteristics of atmospheric pollution in Beibei and the correlation between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological elements by using linear regression, mathematical statistics method based on the air quality data and ground meteorological observation data from 2009 to 2014. The results showed that: the average annual variation of PM10 in Beibei had a rising trend; its seasonal change was obvious, following the order: winter >autumn> spring>summer; the monthly variation presented a“V”type, the minimum and maximum value occurred in July and December, respectively; the atmospheric pollutant concentration in Beibei decreased with the increase of temperature, wind speed and precipitation, and PM10 value tended to be large when there was static wind. In winter, the atmospheric pollutant concentration in Beibei reached the maximum, which was closely related to the atmospheric circulation.

To accurately estimate the drip amount of irrigation and fertilization of citrus, and to realize the remote control of start and end time for drip irrigation by mobile APP, we constructed the water requirement model at different growing stages of citrus in Guilin and conversion algorithm modes between meteorological factors (such as precipitation) and soil weight moisture capacity on the basis of analyzing the citrus phenological period from 1994 to 2015 in Guilin and the meteorological conditions; in addition, we clarified the drip irrigation technology process of citrus, and estimated the amount of drip irrigation in a citrus planting demonstration base of Nanning by applying the model to the drought occurred in March 1997. The results showed that: the model for estimating the amount of drip irrigation could save more than 40% water compared with the traditional model. It has significant reference for building the innovative service mode of“weather monitoring and forecasting information + large- scale production management facilities + feedback and interaction of production information”.

Based on multi-time scale SPEI representing meteorological drought, and the historical multi-layers soil volumetric water content data from agro-meteorological stations as representative factors for agricultural drought, we explored the coupling relationship between meteorological drought and agricultural drought in subtropical monsoon climate region in eastern China, continental monsoon climate region in central China and moderate temperature arid climate region in western China, and conducted the analysis in combine with time delay as well. The results showed that: the overall correlation in the central region was the best, the worst was in the west, among them, the high correlation region had differences in different climatic regions, the longer time-scale of SPEI was more relevant with soil moisture in drier regions, the optimal time scale in western, central and eastern regions was September, June, April, respectively; precipitation infiltrated from soil surface to 50 cm depth within a month and then stored near that depth, to replenish surface soil moisture in the event of drought. Meteorological drought and agricultural drought are both water shortage phenomena, but the response time is not the same. Exploring the coupling relationship between the two is significant for enhancing the awareness of drought mechanism, as well as improving the ability of drought monitoring and mitigating and preventing drought.

To clarify the impact of severe weather on maize production in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the impact of meteorological disasters on crop yield was analyzed based on the natural disaster situation, maize planting area, unit yield and total output from 2005 to 2017. The results showed that the area affected by drought accounted for more than 70%, the frequency was the highest and the impact was the greatest, and the drought resulted in the lowest maize yield level in 2009. The climatic condition of 23 meteorological stations in four cities of western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were studied, during the maize growing season from May to September, the temperature, precipitation and wind speed and other meteorological factors were basically the same among the stations, and the precipitation was mainly concentrated in July and August. The wind speed in Hohhot was relatively low. Comparing the probability of yield reduction in each city, Bayannaoer had less precipitation, the average yield reduction in the disaster year was relatively high, and it was affected by climate fluctuation more, but the city’s irrigation ratio was high, the variation coefficient of maize yield was the lowest and the yield stability was good. Hohhot had the highest average yield reduction during the disaster years and the highest yield variation coefficient of per unit area, large yield fluctuation, and poor yield stability. From the perspective of the collection and utilization of maize germplasm resources, improving the stress resistance of bred maize varieties are effective means to mitigate the loss caused by natural disasters and meteorological risks.

Based on nearly one hundred oil tea Camellia research literatures and published books related to meteorological conditions, influence of the meteorological conditions on oil tea Camellia has been statistical classified. The results can be divided into 3 categories, namely climatic suitability index of oil tea Camellia planting, meteorological conditions’ impact indicators of oil tea Camellia production, weather disasters indicators of oil tea Camellia. The climatic suitability index and requirement of oil tea Camellia planting are as follows: (1) the annual average temperature is between 14 to 21℃, the optimum temperature is between 16 to 21℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -10℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40℃, the coldest month average temperature is above 0℃, the hottest month average temperature is below 31℃, the annual frost-free period is more than 200 days, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 4000 to 7000℃·d, the optimum ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 5000 to 7000℃·d; (2) annual precipitation is between 1000 to 2200 mm, the most suitable annual precipitation is between 1200 to 1800 mm, relative humidity is between 74% to 85%; (3) times of annual sunshine is between 1500 to 2200 h, the percentage of annual sunshine is more than 35%. Meteorological conditions’ impact indicators of oil tea camellia production are as follows: (1) suitable growing average temperature of spring shoots is between 10 to 20℃; (2) the suitable average temperature is between 24 to 33℃ of period of flower bud differentiation, the optimum average temperature is between 27 to 33℃, the average times of days of sunshine is more than 10 h, the suitable average temperature of flowering is between 10 to 20℃, the optimum average temperature is 14 to 18℃, rain date is less than 13 days and sunshine is more than 100 hours during full flowering stage; (3) suitable average temperature of fruit growth is between 25 to 30℃, rainfall is more than 200 mm, the most suitable precipitation is between 450 to 550 mm; (4) suitable average temperature of lipid accumulation stage is between 16 to 23℃, rainfall is more than 100mm, the optimum precipitation is between 150 to 200 mm, high temperature days is less than 20 days. The cold and frost damage, continuous rain, high temperature and drought, hail and strong wind are the main meteorological disasters of oil tea camellia.

The paper aims to reveal the characteristics of main meteorological disasters in the hilly loess plateau in the context of global climate change, based on daily precipitation data of 12 weather stations from 1971 to 2010 in the hilly loess plateau, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and change regulations of the main meteorological disasters, such as jujube florescence rain, drought in fruit growth period, and the mature period overcast and rainy in the hilly area of loess plateau during the nearly 40 years. The results indicated that the jujube florescence rain and fruit growth period drought showed an increasing trend, and the mature period overcast and rain showed a decreasing trend. The decadal variability of each disaster was relatively stable. The distribution of prone areas of the main meteorological disasters had obvious regional characteristics. The occurrence rate of florescence rain in mid- east and southwest part of the study area was higher than that in other regions. The frequency of the young fruit arid in the west bank of the Yellow River was higher. The mature period overcast and rain in the south was more serious than that in the north.