Jizhou District of Tianjin is the main local production area of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus nebrodensis. The income of mushroom growers’ planting greenhouses depends on meteorological conditions to some extent, and using the meteorological indexes reasonably could guide the production of edible fungi. We analyzed the corresponding time for each stage of edible fungi production according to the meteorological conditions, and summarized the impact of harsh weather on mushroom growers in 2017 and 2018. Then, we put forward countermeasures for the cultivation of edible fungi under possible local meteorological disasters. The early warning and prevention of long-term meteorological disasters carried out by coordinated operation of scientific research institutes, meteorological department and early warning information release center might provide production tips for mushroom growers in the main mushroom producing areas in Jizhou District of Tianjin.

To better promote the rapid development of local grape industry in Yanjing of Mankang County of Qamdo City in Tibet, this study adopted parallel observation and mathematical statistics method to carry out the artificial observation on grape phenological phase and the automatic monitoring of meteorological elements, and then, according to the obtained data, analyzed the climate adaptability of grape at different growth periods and put forward disaster prevention countermeasures. The results showed that grapes in Yanjing generally began budding from early to late March, and entered the flowering period in early and middle May. The berry enlargement period came in late June to early July, after more than a month, grapes began to turn color and matured in mid-October. The leaves fell in late October and the grapevine went into the period of dormancy. Yanjing grapes needed about 200 days from budding to ripening. The light condition in Yanjing could fully meet the needs of normal growth and development of grapes, and the daily temperature in the budding period was mostly above 10℃. The average daily temperature in the flowering period was 16.4-20.6℃, and more than 80% of the period was above 25℃. The average daily maximum temperature was 21.9-28.0℃ and the wind speed was strong during the berry enlargement period, and the wind speed could reach 10 m/s for more than 20 days. From budding to fruit bearing period, there was little precipitation，while the rain continued to increase from the berry enlargement period but still could not meet the growth and development demand of grapes, which must be supplemented by irrigation.

The agrometeorological index system of Wallace melon sugar content is the basis of quantitatively evaluating the quality of Wallace melon, and also the basis of agrometeorological service for the melon production. This paper explained the connotation of agrometeorological index system of Wallace melon, and compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the research methods of agrometeorological indexes comprehensively. Then, based on the general rule, the agrometeorological index system of temperature, moisture, humidity and evaporation in the key growth periods was established. The results showed that 20 indexes passed the 0.01 significance level test, and 6 indexes passed the 0.05 significance level test. The biological significance and agrometeorological significance of the selected indexes were obvious, which accorded with the production practice. In order to facilitate the development of agrometeorological service, all the indexes were divided into the most suitable, less suitable and unsuitable groups. The model passed the significance test of 0.01, and the fitting rate reached 94.4%, showing precise fitting effect. Therefore, the model can be used to evaluate the quality of Wallace melon.

To develop refined meteorological services for autumn Osmanthus in Chengdu, and establish a meteorological forecast model, this research used mathematical statistics to study the relationship between the pre-flowering period and flowering period of Osmanthus and the meteorological factors, and established the prediction model of the initial flowering period of Osmanthus in combination with the Osmanthus growth characteristics based on the phenological observation of Osmanthus and meteorological data in Chengdu from 2004 to 2016. The results showed that: with abundant rainfall before flowering, when the sliding average temperature on the 5th day passed 23℃, Osmanthus entered the first flowering period in 3-6 days. During the flowering period, there was an alternation of sun and rain with the daily average temperature ranging from 20℃ to 24℃. The number of rainy days, precipitation and sunlight were the main meteorological factors influencing the duration of flowering period. The initial flowering period of Osmanthus was positively correlated with the highest temperature in late February, sunshine duration in late February and rainy days in late July, but negatively correlated with rainfall in late October and rainy days in late May. The prediction model of the flowering period of Osmanthus in Chengdu had a high historical fitting rate and a good forecast effect, which could predict the flowering time 20 days in advance. The study could be used for the medium and long term forecast of the early flowering period of Osmanthus and provide accurate meteorological service for the appreciation of Osmanthus in Chengdu.

Based on the demonstration project of climate test on winter-planting potato from 2015 to 2018 which was established in the comprehensive scientific research base of Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou (Yanjiao Town of Liuzhi County, altitude of 1100 m), and combined with the monitoring results of potato late blight in Nayong, Zhijin, Fenggang, Yuping, Tongren, Leishan, Duyun, Pu’an, Qingzhen and Puding of Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2018, the meteorological conditions and dynamic characteristics of potato late blight occurrence in the province were analyzed. The results showed that the late blight of winter-planting potato occurred mainly in April, which was the growth stage from flower budding to flowering. In this growth stage, when the daily average temperature≤18℃ and the relative humidity>75% lasted for 3 days or more, and the daily average temperature>18℃ and the relative humidity>80% were on the fourth day and thereafter, the late blight of winter-planting potato could be observed. Therefore, it is suggested to use the above conditions as a meteorological early warning indicator for the prevention and control of late blight of winter-planting potato, so as to actively carry out the prevention and control within three days since the emergence of the early warning indicator and improve the control efficiency.

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the shrimp and crab breeding industry in Xiangyang of Hubei Province, and put forward corresponding measures for scientific breeding of shrimp and crab. The laws of meteorological factors' change were analyzed based on nearly 30 years data observed in Xiangyang. The authors reviewed the annual changing trend of main meteorological factors related to the breeding of shrimp and crab, such as temperature, sunshine hours, continuous wet weather, rainstorm, wind force and atmospheric pressure, and discussed the potential climate risks, in order to make rational use of weather forecasting and early warning to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and reduction. The results showed that suitable temperature, abundant rainfall, mild climate, sufficient sunshine and relatively fewer meteorological disasters could provide favorable climatic conditions for the breeding of shrimp and crab in Xiangyang. By analyzing the law of temperature change in Xiangyang and the relationship between air temperature and water temperature, the authors determined the best period of postlarvae release (after Qingming) and the best period of fishing (before Frost's Descent) for shrimp and crab breeding. At the same time, the authors also analyzed the effects of meteorological factors such as low temperature damage, sunshine hours, continuous rainstorm, gale and thunderstorms on the breeding of shrimp and crab, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to reduce the impact of weather disasters. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the local meteorological department to make medium and long-term climate prediction and short-term weather forecasting and warning services according to the shrimp and crab breeding cycle. Based on our research results, farmers should attach great importance to the application of early warning information and take active measures to reduce the loss of shrimp and crab breeding caused by meteorological disasters.

There are many factors which can affect the yield of sugarcane, including the natural conditions, production conditions, cultivation system, cultivation and management technologies and variety characteristics, and the sugarcane yield is also closely related to meteorological factors. Rainfall has key influence on sugarcane at elongating and maturity stage, and has a positive correlation with the yield. The exploration and utilization of drought resistance genes can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane. Atmospheric relative humidity, temperature and light are important factors affecting sugarcane elongation, sugar content accumulation and yield per unit area. Under the influence of unique climate condition, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane are limited by factors such as drought, typhoon, flood, low temperature and high humidity and etc. Based on the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors of rainfall, humidity, sunshine on sugarcane yield, the research progress of sugarcane stress resistance genes were summarized. It was proposed that the development of molecular-marker assisted selective sugarcane breeding could play an important role in increasing sugarcane yield, and support the research on the relationship between agrometeorology and sugarcane production.

The purpose is to survey the impact of meteorological factors on the yield of sweet potato in Tongliao and provide a scientific basis for agricultural planting structure adjustment in Tongliao. Based on planting data and meteorological observation of sweet potato extension planting bases, the correlation between meteorological factors and the yield of sweet potato was analyzed. The results showed that accumulated temperature and sunshine duration had obvious correlation with the yield of sweet potato, and the correlation coefficients were 0.741 and 0.837 respectively. The average daily temperature and precipitation had no significant correlation with the yield of sweet potato. Except the rooting-seedling establishment stage, the change features of accumulated temperature of the other development stages were similar with those of the whole development period. The correlation coefficients were all over 0.788. The inter-annual change feature of sunshine duration was consistent with that of the whole development period. Only the potato intamescentia stage had significant correlation with the inter-annual change features of precipitation and the average daily temperature of the whole development period, and the correlation coefficients were 0.933 and 0.936 respectively. Thermal and light conditions had relatively large effects on the yield of sweet potato, and they were the limiting factors for sweet potato planting. The effect of rainfall on sweet potato yield was not obvious.

The aim of this study is to overcome the influence of potential adverse meteorological factors on the growth and development of pear in rain-shelter cultivation. The changing trends of main meteorological factors in the flowering and fruit development stages of pear between year-round rain-shelter and open-field cultivation were analyzed using the method of fixed point observation and recording. The results showed that: compared with open-field cultivation, the average daily temperature of the whole year and main phenological periods of pear trees in rain-shelter cultivation were higher, and the temperature difference between day and night was larger. The accumulative hours of the temperature ≤7.2℃ in dormancy stage were decreased by 5.57%, and the difference was significant. The lowest temperature and the accumulative hours of high temperature ≥25℃ at flowering stage were increased by 0.5℃ and 17.72% respectively, with significant difference. The hours of extremely high temperature ≥35℃ and night temperature ≥25℃ in the mid-early and mid-late stage of fruit development were increased by 25.76%, 25.93% and 38.73%, 37.72%, respectively, and the difference was extremely significant. Under rain-shelter cultivation, the air humidity was low and stable. The hours of low relative humidity at flowering stage (<60%), mid-early stage and mid-late stage (<50%) of fruit development were decreased by 3.36%, 8.53% and 10.53%, respectively, and the differences between rain-shelter and open-field cultivation in the latter two stages were both significant. However, the accumulative hours of 100% relative humidity at the above three stages were decreased by 42.78%, 56.14% and 77.11%, respectively, and the differences were all extremely significant. The light condition of rain-shelter cultivation was seriously weakened. During fruit development, the duration of light intensity <2000 lx was increased by 8.64%, while that of light intensity≥2000 lx was decreased by 3.61%. The year-round rain-shelter cultivation of pear trees could improve the conditions of pear flowering pollination and fertilization, and make an adverse ecological environment for plant disease occurrence. But it will increase the probability of growth obstacles due to the lack of chilling requirement during the dormancy, and intensify the adverse climate conditions for fruit development, such as insufficient light, high and extremely high temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to choose suitable pear varieties, adopt reasonable rain-shelter cultivation pattern, select covering materials with high transmittance and take high photosynthetic efficiency trimming method, as well as use reflective film on the ground and install supplement lighting devices under rain-shelters.

Dongshan town in Wuzhong District of Suzhou is one of the four traditional loquat production areas in China, and loquat is an important cash crop in Wuzhong District. However, the annual yield of loquat is unstable because its growth and development are easily affected by meteorological conditions. Therefore, using meteorological data to analyze the influence of meteorological conditions on loquat is conducive to the scientific development of loquat industry and the promotion of meteorological services for agriculture. Based on the method of mathematical statistics, this paper analyzed the loquat yield and meteorological conditions from 2019 to 2021 in Wuzhong. The results showed that the overall meteorological conditions were relatively suitable for loquat growth from 2019 to 2021, but disastrous weather also existed at the same time. The main adverse meteorological conditions of loquat in 2019 were abnormally less sunshine at florescence and young fruit stage, excessive precipitation at florescence, and low temperature and the snow. The main adverse meteorological condition in 2020 was more sunshine in fruit expansion stage. In 2021, the main adverse meteorological conditions were low temperature and two cold wave processes at florescence and young fruit stage of loquat. According to loquat growth and yield at the same time, the main cause of blossom blight was continuous rainy days during flowering period, which could be characterized by the abnormally more precipitation and less sunshine. The anomaly percentage of sunshine less than -50% in two periods of ten days could be taken as the threshold value of loquat blossom blight. In addition, the low temperature, rain and snow caused by the cold wave process were the main reasons of the freezing damage on loquat flowers and corky bark on young fruits in 2021.

To improve the prediction ability of the crab production in Jiangsu and make a scientific and reasonable plan for crab culture to reduce disordered competition and unbalanced supply and demand, meteorological data in seven observation stations near the crab producing areas from 2013 to 2017 and crab yield data of the region were collected. The interpolation method was used to make up for some missing values. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select the five principal components that best represented the characteristics of data. Back propagation (BP) neural network was used to explore its feasibility for predicting the changing trend of meteorological data in these areas. After dimensionality reduction processing by PCA, the results show that most of the characteristics of the data can be learned by the BP neural network. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the true value of yield is 0.82267, which means the BP neural network has a certain simulated relationship capacity between weather factor data and the yield.

Based on the observation data of rape fixed-point experiment from 2011 to 2018, the effects of low temperature on rape podding rate and seed number per pod were analyzed in different flowering periods. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between meteorological factors and seed loss rate was established. The results showed that: the effects of low temperature on seed setting were mainly moderate and severe before February 25, mainly mild in the middle and last ten days of March, and mainly mild and moderate from February 26 to March 10. The relationship between rape seed loss rate with the average daily minimum temperature and daily average rainfall during the flowering stage was not significant, but the relationship between seed loss rate with average temperature, average daily maximum temperature, average sunshine hours, and average daily relative humidity at flowering were significant. With the decrease of average flowering temperature, the average maximum temperature decreased and the relative humidity increased. When the relative humidity of air was 70% and the daily average temperature was ≤6.9℃, or the relative humidity of air was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤8.0℃, rape would suffer from moderate damage. When the relative humidity of air in flowering time was 80% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.3℃, or the relative humidity of air was 85% and the daily average temperature was ≤4.8℃, the rape would suffer from severe damage. The cold accumulated temperature indexes of rape flowering and seed setting under different weather types were determined. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥16.5℃, or the index of cold accumulated temperature of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥5.0℃, it was moderate damage. When the cold accumulated temperature index of sunshine and low temperature weather was ≥37.5℃, or the cold accumulated temperature index of no sunshine and low temperature rainy weather was ≥26.0℃, it was severe damage. The results could provide technical support for early warning evaluation and agrometeorological service of disaster reduction and prevention in rape production.

This study took Guide County in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province as an example, expounded and analyzed the forms, objects, contents and activities of the popularization of meteorological science, and the particularity of meteorological science popularization in ethnic minority areas based on their development in the past 20 years. It is concluded that the development trend of meteorological science popularization in grass-roots ethnic minority areas in Qinghai has changed to multiple forms, more abundant contents and diversified objects, and the popularization of meteorological science has been gradually improved in combination with ethnic minority language, history and culture. This study puts forward suggestions and thoughts on the development of meteorological science popularization in ethnic minority areas. Mountainous areas and ethnic minority areas are fragile areas of ecological environment, which have low disaster prevention and reduction capacity. The key to science popularization is to focus on the construction of ecological civilization and improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction at the grass-roots level. There are many factors restricting meteorological science popularization, we should base on the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and take into consideration the characteristics of local ethnic minorities, to make good use of scientific and technological means, strengthen talent training, and introduce more capital to further improve the publicity of meteorological science popularization and highlight the primary role of meteorological service in disaster prevention and reduction.

Based on the meteorological data of daily average temperature and daily average relative humidity in Xianyang from 1991 to 2020, and combined with the production data of ‘Biyu’ radish in field in Weicheng in southern Xianyang and Xunyi County in northern Xianyang in 2020, the agrometeorological indexes and suitable sowing time of ‘Biyu’ radish in field planting were studied, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the rational and efficient use of climate resources to develop the planting scale of cold climate vegetables in Xianyang. The results showed that (1) daily mean temperature and daily mean relative humidity were the main agrometeorological indexes affecting the vegetative growth stage of radish; (2) the optimal daily average temperature of radish was 11.1-24.9℃, and the optimal daily average relative humidity of radish was >47%. (3) in northern Xianyang, the optimum sowing time of radish in Changwu, Xunyi and Chunhua was from April 14 to August 5; the optimum sowing time in Binzhou and Yongshou was from April 4 to May 16 and from July 28 to August 12; (4) the optimum sowing time of radish in the southern counties (Weicheng, Sanyuan, Xingping, Ganxian, Wugong, Jingyang and Liquan) was mainly from March 17 to April 13 and from August 15 to 24. There was a significant correlation between the earliest sowing date of ‘Biyu’ radish in Xianyang and altitude (P<0.01), and the earliest sowing date of radish was delayed with the increase of altitude.

Based on the observation data of 12 national weather stations in Xianyang City in the winter of 2020/2021 (from December to February of the following year), and compared with the climatic standard values of winter from 1959 to 2019, the agrometeorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 in Xianyang and their impact on major crops and facility agriculture were analyzed. The results showed that the winter temperature in 2020/2021 was relatively high, the negative accumulated temperature in the north was insufficient, the precipitation was more, and the sunshine was less. During the winter, there were large-scale low-temperature cold waves, few sunshine and other agricultural meteorological disasters. The average temperature, the daily maximum temperature and the daily maximum precipitation broke through or were close to the historical extreme values. Generally speaking, the meteorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 had more harm than good to agricultural production. (1) The high temperature was conducive to the increase of tillering of winter wheat, but the wheat could not get cold hardening and was prone to freezing damage. (2) The lack of negative accumulated temperature in the north made winter wheat and rapeseed be more sensitive to the low temperature in spring, delayed the dormancy period of fruit trees and reduced the fruit setting rate of apple trees. (3) Less sunlight and more cloudy and overcast days caused low temperature in greenhouses and slowed the growth of greenhouse vegetables which had falling flowers and fruits. In cold wave weather, freezing injury could easily affect the yield and quality of vegetables. (4) At the same time, cold wave weather in winter was beneficial to killing insect eggs and reducing pests and diseases. (5) The first through-moisture rain in late February increased soil moisture and laid a good foundation for agricultural production in spring.

To study the effects of rainfall, average temperature and sunshine hours on forage yield and the quantitative relationship among them, according to the monthly meteorological data, the rainfall, average temperature and sunshine hours were divided into 13 groups based on the time period from 2012 to 2019, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted on rainfall, average temperature, sunshine hours and fresh grass yield of natural grassland. The results showed that: the correlation between rainfall and fresh grass yield was the highest, the positive correlation between the total rainfall and fresh grass yield reached a very significant level from March to July (correlation coefficient r=0.839, P=0.009<0.01), and rainfall had the greatest impact on forage yield in March and April. The positive correlation between average temperature and fresh grass yield reached a very significant level from February to July (correlation coefficient r=0.840, P=0.009<0.01), and the average temperature had the greatest impact on forage yield in February. There was no significant correlation between sunshine hours and fresh grass yield (P>0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that, fresh grass yield increased by 289.693 kg/hm² with every 1 mm increase in the total rainfall from March to July, and by 144.93 kg/hm² with every 0.1℃ increase in the average temperature from February to July. The effect of rainfall on fresh grass yield was greater than that of average temperature.

To obtain the most suitable sowing time for rice ‘Yongyou 15’, we conducted the experiment of sowing by stages, aiming to improve the yield and quality of the variety. According to the sowing data of ‘Yongyou 15’ by stages from 2016 to 2020 in Longyou National Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station and the rice quality data from 2018 to 2019, the relationship between the yield, quality and the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ was obtained through comparative experiment. The results showed that: (1) the sowing time had certain influence on the days of full growth and grain filling stage of ‘Yongyou 15’, mainly, the later the sowing time, the fewer the days of the full growth and the longer the grain filling stage; (2) 22℃ was the threshold of normal development of rice at grain filling stage, and the average temperature below 22℃ could obviously increase the time of the grain filling and milking stage; (3) the amylose content of ‘Yongyou 15’ was generally about 10%, which was easy to gelatinize, the protein content was close to 7%, and the taste and nutrition content were relatively balanced; (4) when the sowing time was postponed to mid-June, the yield and quality of ‘Yongyou 15’ decreased significantly; (5) the sowing time of ‘Yongyou 15’ should be from late May to early June, which could obviously improve the yield of single-cropping rice in Longyou.

Based on data from 17 observatory stations of Guannan grape planting area in Lianyungang from 2008 to 2017, including the ten-day, monthly and yearly temperature, precipitation and sunshine, we used GIS to convert 1:250000 basic geographical background data of Lianyungang into a high-resolution (100 m×100 m) digital terrain model. By adopting geographic information system and analytic hierarchy process, we combined the climatic conditions with meteorological disasters and preventive measures during the growth period of grape, and obtained the zoning index of grape climate suitability. The results showed that the temperature during the budding period of the grapes in April, and precipitation during flowering period in May, and rainfall value during fruit ripening in August could be selected as the research indexes of climatic suitability, and scored by experts, their weight coefficients were 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2 respectively. These indexes were divided into 3 levels: suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable, to determine the climatic and ecological conditions for commercial grape cultivation. The results show that the most suitable climatic areas for grape cultivation are in central and northern Guannan, including Zhangdian, Beichenji and Sankou; the sub-suitable areas are Mengxingzhuang, Tanggou and Liji; the unsuitable areas are in southern and eastern Guannan, such as part of Xinji, Xin’an, Huayuan, Bailu, and etc. This research method could provide reference for the safe layout of various cash crops in Lianyungang.

To study the influence of meteorological factors on spring maize grain filling speed in the plateau area of eastern Gansu Province, the authors used maize sowing data and meteorological data in Xifeng test site of the National Agrometeorological Experimental Station from 2018 to 2020, to analyze the relationship between meteorological factors and maize grain filling. The results showed that the variation of grain-filling speed and grain-filling days presented a quadratic curve. The 100-grain weight increased the fastest from the 24^th to 46^th day after flowering, and the grain filling speed reached the peak on the 38^th day after flowering. The main meteorological factors affecting the grain filling speed included the average temperature, the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature, daily range of temperature, sunshine hours, air humidity and precipitation. Temperature and sunshine had positive effects, while humidity and precipitation had negative effects. The suitable sowing time of maize should be determined according to the climate of the year, so that the rapid growth period of the 100-grain weight could coincide with the period of high temperature and little rain in Qingyang, avoiding the influence of the weather with more rain and less sunlight, thus achieving stable and high yield.

By using the basic meteorological data of 2001 to 2019 from Yingjisha national meteorological observing station and the phenological observation data and freezing injury data, the freezing rate of flower bud and yield of Amygdalus communis were analyzed. Combined with mathematical statistics, the meteorological factors causing frozen flower bud during overwintering period of Amygdalus communis in Yingjisha were studied. The results showed that the lowest air temperature in winter and its lasting days, the lowest land surface temperature and frozen earth depth caused the freezing of Amygdalus communis buds, but there was no obvious impact of the maximum snow depth of winter and its lasting days and winter precipitation. When the lowest temperature was -23℃ to -18℃, its lasting days and the lowest land surface temperature were the main factors causing frozen flower buds.

Based on the meteorological observation data of temperature, precipitation, humidity and sunshine on a ten-day basis from 1981 to 2019 and the yield data of yellow peach from 1982 to 2019, the variation trend of yellow peach yield and its response to meteorological factors were analyzed, and the meteorological forecasting model of Fengxian yellow peach yield was established using single factor index and correlation analysis, to analyze the effects of meteorological factors on the yield of yellow peach during the whole growth period from 2003 to 2019. The results showed that the yellow peach yield changed from the wavelike rise to fluctuation in 2003, and the yield variation coefficient was 22.9%. The correlation between meteorological factors and yield of yellow peach was higher in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage, followed by the stage of flower bud differentiation, germination to flowering and fruit-setting stage, and the correlation between meteorological factors and the yield of yellow peach fruit was small in the leaf fallen and dormant stage. Temperature (sunshine) in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage was positively correlated with the yield from April to June, but negatively correlated with the yield from July to August. The effect of precipitation (humidity) was basically opposite to that of temperature, and in late July, the minimum temperature, precipitation, precipitation days and sunshine were significantly correlated with the yield. The temperature at the stage of flower bud differentiation was positively correlated with the yield except from late July to early August and early September, and the last day with daily mean temperature no less than 10℃ in the previous year and the effective accumulated temperature at 10 and 20℃ in the previous year was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. The correlation between precipitation (number of precipitation days) and yield fluctuated greatly in each ten-day period at the stage of flower bud differentiation. In the leaf fallen and dormant stage, drought and insufficient cold storage capacity caused by warmer winters might have some influence on the yield. The least square partial regression equation of yellow peach yield based on meteorological factors has good fitting effect and can provide decision-making service for the production and management departments.

A comparative experiment of sweet corn quality was carried out to analyze the characters, quality and taste of the varieties. The sweet corn varieties suitable for popularizing in Huhhot were screened out. The whole growth period of sweet corn varieties was observed according to the plot division test of the experimental base. Four groups of samples were randomly selected for each variety, and 10 plants were selected in each group for observation. The growth status and yield structure of each variety were measured, and the taste of each variety was comprehensively evaluated according to the field evaluation of experts. The results show that among the 15 sweet corn varieties, ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Hetiannuo 2’, ‘Jinnuo 628’, ‘Wannuo 2018’ and ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ are of uniform size, full grain, neat rows, sweet and glutinous and delicious taste and good quality. ‘Hetiannuo 2’ belongs to taste corn, but the spike length is small. Therefore, it is not suitable for farmers who prefer sweet corn ear length and yield. ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ is a kind of early maturing corn. The taste is waxy and sweet. However, due to its short growing period, planting must be combined with marketing to prevent premature senescence. ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Jinnuo 628’ and ‘Wannuo 2018’ belong to medium maturity varieties, which could be popularized in a large area. Considering the characters of the sweet corn varieties, the longer the growing period, the better the taste. In general, the early mature sweet corn has a poor taste, while the middle late maturing sweet corn has a better taste. The sweet corn of hybrid line is more sweet and glutinous than that of the inbred line sweet corn. The sweet corn is affected by unfavorable weather conditions such as drought, high temperature and cloudy days. Bad water and fertilizer condition in the growth period is not conducive to the rapid growth of sweet corn. High temperature or cloudy days in flowering or milk ripening period could affect pollination and seed set.

Based on the growth and development observation data and main meteorological factors of sugarcane at the Shatang National Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station in Liuzhou City from 2010 to 2012, the relationship between ten-day elongation of newly planted sugarcane, first-year ratoon sugarcane and second-year ratoon sugarcane and ten-day precipitation, ten-day average temperature and ten-day average sunshine hours was analyzed, and the correlation between ten-day elongation of sugarcane and meteorological factors was studied. The results showed that there was a good corresponding relationship between sugarcane elongation and ten-day precipitation. The ten-day elongation of sugarcane was high when the ten-day precipitation was large, which was consistent with the local precipitation law. Through correlation analysis, the meteorological water factor, precipitation, relative humidity and ten-day average water vapor pressure were significantly or very significantly positively correlated with the ten-day elongation of new planting sugarcane, first-year ratoon sugarcane and second-year ratoon sugarcane. There was a positive correlation between ten-day average temperature and ten-day elongation of newly planted sugarcane, but it was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between ten-day average temperature and ten-day elongation of the first year and the second year. The peak value of ten-day average sunshine hours corresponded to the low value of ten-day elongation. Through correlation analysis, the correlation between ten-day average sunshine hours and new planting sugarcane, first-year perennial sugarcane and second-year perennial sugarcane was not significant, indicating that water factor was the key meteorological factor to determine sugarcane height.

To develop the meteorological service for last frost on dehydrated green pepper, the authors choose dehydrated green pepper variety ‘Qiemen’ as material, simulated the natural frost cooling process by using the MSX-2F artificial frost box system, and detected the frostbite and death statistics by measuring leaf temperature with the thermocouple probe. Combined with the changes of photosynthesis, the authors preliminarily established the meteorological index of last frost of dehydrated green pepper. The results showed that: (1) the minimum temperature for dehydrated green pepper to be frozen to death was ≤-4℃; (2) the freezing point of dehydrated green pepper was -2.7 to -3.2℃, the super cooling point was -3.4 to -4.8℃; (3) the dehydrated green pepper with relatively high seedling age had a stronger cold-resistance; (4) the land surface temperature index of light frost and heavy frost for dehydrated green pepper seedlings was -3.5℃ and -5.0℃, respectively.

To promote the development of Guizhou pepper waterlogging disaster meteorological index insurance business and reduce the risk of economic losses caused by waterlogging, according to the waterlogging grade standard developed in this paper, the precipitation data of 84 national meteorological stations in Guizhou Province of 30 years were processed, and the frequency of waterlogging disasters at all levels at each station and the pure insurance rate of each station were obtained. Using the Kriging difference to draw the frequency distribution map of waterlogging disasters at all levels and the distribution map of pure insurance premium rate, it can be clearly seen that the pepper planting areas greatly affected by waterlogging disasters are mainly concentrated in the southwest and parts of the south of Guizhou. The pepper-growing areas less affected by waterlogging are mainly in the west, north and eastern parts of Guizhou. The regions with higher pure insurance rate are mainly in the southwest and southeastern parts of Guizhou. When the deductibles are different, the pure insurance rate will have a big gap. Pepper waterlogging weather index insurance has a good development prospect in Guizhou, it can not only reduce the risk of farmers’ losses due to waterlogging, but also promote the continuous and stable growth of Guizhou’s pepper industry.

The aim of this study is to explore the change characteristics of the main biochemical components of albino tea plant (Camellia sinensis ‘Zhonghuang 3’) (‘ZH3’) in different months and their relationship with the main meteorological factors. The evergreen strain ‘Taicha 15’ (‘TC15’) was used as a control. We determined and analyzed the content of the main biochemical components in the two germplasms sampled in five different months of 2019. The data of the half-month mean temperature before sampling (HMMTBS), half-monthly mean precipitation before sampling (HMMPBS) and half-monthly mean relative humidity before sampling (HMMRHBS) were collected from the tested areas. The changes of the main biochemical components in the two germplasms and their correlation with three meteorological factors were observed. Water extracts and caffeine contents of the two germplasms were close in each month. The caffeine content was stable in ‘ZH3’, while had a significant difference in ‘TC15’. The tea polyphenols content in ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was July> October> August> May> April and July> May> October> August> April, respectively. The free amino acids content of ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was April> May> August> October> July and April> May> August> July> October, respectively. Tea polyphenols content of ‘ZH3’ was lower than that of ‘TC15’, while the free amino acids content of ‘ZH3’ was higher than that of ‘TC15’ in each month. The range of free amino acids and tea polyphenols contents in ‘ZH3’ was 2.6%-7.2% and 9.2%-23.2%, respectively, which was much higher than those of ‘TC15’ (2.2%-3.8%, 14.7%-25.4%). The water extracts and caffeine content of the two germplasms had no significant correlations with three meteorological factors. The correlation coefficient r of free amino acids content in ‘ZH3’ with HMMTBS, HMMPBS, HMMRHBS was -0.71(P<0.01), -0.69(P<0.01), -0.86(P<0.01), respectively, while that in ‘TC15’ was only significantly and negatively correlated with HMMRHBS (r=-0.74, P<0.01). By means of canonical correlation analysis, the three meteorological factors had less impact on water extracts and caffeine content in the two germplasms, and had little influence on the tea polyphenols content in ‘TC15’. The tea polyphenols to free amino acids in ‘ZH3’ and ‘TC15’ was mostly affected by HMMRHBS and HMMPBS, respectively. The free amino acids and tea polyphenols content in ‘ZH3’ was mainly affected by HMMTBS and HMMPBS, while the influencing degree of HMMTBS was greater. Similar results were observed for free amino acids content in ‘TC15’.

Observation data of about 40 meteorological stations in the central and southern Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2018 were used to explore the risk division of the meteorological disasters for tobacco planting, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In order to get an accurate and elaborate division, the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS was adopted and the full growth period indicators of tobacco were taken into the study. The results showed that: in the weight order, the major meteorological disasters affecting tobacco planting in the central and southern Jiangxi were rainstorm, hail, continuous rainfall, low temperature freezing and heat injury, among which, rainstorm risk was higher in the east than that of in the west, and the risk of hail was higher in the northwest than that in the southeast, and the risk of continuous rain was higher in the west than that in the east with a decreasing trend from north to south, besides the risk of low-temperature freezing disaster and heat injury was higher in the north than the south, and was evenly distributed from east to west. Generally speaking, the comprehensive risk of meteorological disasters in tobacco planting areas in Jiangxi is distributed high in the north and low in the south, and the high-risk areas of comprehensive meteorological disasters are mainly distributed in the northern areas of Fuzhou and Ji'an. The results could minimize the impact of meteorological disasters on tobacco production in Jiangxi.

In Qaidam Lycium barbarum producing area, the developmental phase, precipitation and sunshine in stations of Golmud and Nuomuhong were selected, and the effect of meteorological factors in different developmental phases on yield was studied by stepwise regression and probability statistics. The results showed that: (1) Lycium barbarum yield was positively correlated with daily average temperature in flowering stage of Laoyan branch, the highest temperature and accumulated temperature in spring branch growth stage, the lowest temperature in fructescence of Laoyan branch, temperature daily range in summer fruit formation and maturity stage and total sunshine hours of spring branch growth and autumn branch flowering stage; (2) the yield of Lycium barbarum was negatively correlated with the precipitation in the flowering stage of Laoyan branch, fruit formation stage of Laoyan branch, growth stage of spring branch, summer fruit maturity stage, autumn branch flowering stage and autumn fruit maturity stage; (3) the results of regression analysis between key meteorological factors and Lycium barbarum yield showed that the multiple correlation coefficient of the equation was 0.9705, according to built model, the results of previous yield and practical yield in 2019 had little absolute error and relative error, and high forecast accuracy, fully indicating that the selected 5 meteorological elements could accurately forecast the production of Lycium barbarum, which could be applied in practical forecast.

To ensure targeted agricultural meteorological services, the “Chu He Wen Tian” weather service system has been developed by using the Java based on Android. According to the design concept of big data collection, big data analysis, intelligent perception of users’ requirement, intelligent targeting and pushing, the “Chu He Wen Tian” weather service system has the ability of self-perception, judgment and self-adaptation. The front-end system can intelligently perceive users’ requirement and collect users’ meteorological index information. The back-end system can carry out big data analysis, combine the actual weather forecast data to generate ‘one-to-one’ intelligent meteorological service products by using artificial intelligence. Finally, the accurate weather service information can be pushed to users through the cloud service terminal. This weather service system has been widely used in Shandong Province.

To determine the relationship between the quality of Baojing gold tea at different altitudes and meteorological factors, this paper established a calculation model for the polyphenol content and amino acid content of Baojing gold tea by applying correlation analysis. The results show that: tea polyphenols of Baojing gold tea are negatively correlated with the average temperature and daily temperature range before picking, and positively correlated with the accumulated rainfall. The most influential period and meteorological factors are the average temperature of 14-22 days before picking, the daily temperature range of 16-24 days before picking, and the accumulated rainfall of 4-27 days before picking. Amino acid content is positively correlated with average temperature, daily temperature range and accumulated rainfall. The most influential period and related factors are the average temperature of 18-28 days before picking, the daily temperature range of 9-14 days before picking, and the accumulated rainfall of 12-23 days before picking. According to the model calculation, the phenol ammonia ratio of Baojing gold tea at 360 m in 2019 is close to the actual measured value, and the error is within 10%. The model can be used to evaluate the meteorological conditions of Baojing gold tea quality.

By analyzing the meteorological data and apple annual yield data in Yuncheng City from 2005 to 2018, an early prediction model of apple yield was constructed. Firstly, the annual yield of apple was divided into trend yield and meteorological yield by using HP filtering method. Secondly, multiple linear regression models were established respectively for apple phenology stages: germination stage, flowering stage, young fruit stage, expanding stage and mature stage, to study the influence of each phenology period on apple meteorological yield. Finally, the early prediction model of BP neural network was established and verified in terms of the young fruit stage which had the strongest influence on meteorological yield of apple. The relative average error of early yield prediction model based on BP neural network was 7.08%, and the accuracy of BP neural network early prediction model was verified with the relevant data in 2019, which was 89.6%. The model could accurately predict apple yield and provide theoretical support for early crop yield prediction.

The study aims to reduce the great threats to the safety of life and property of local residents imposed by the complex terrain of Mentougou District and frequent strong convective weather in local areas. The differences in the precipitation distribution of different terrain were identified before and after the optimization of regional automatic weather stations in Mentougou District. We evaluated the effects of optimized automatic weather stations on rural vitalization and fine meteorological services, and proposed related advices. 26 weather stations were newly introduced between 2018 and 2019, with an average distance of about 7km. The average precipitation in low altitudes was greater than that in middle and high altitude regions during flood seasons in 2006-2017. After the optimization to automatic weather stations, the average precipitation in middle and high altitudes exceeded that in low altitude areas during the flood season in 2018. The weather stations were effective in heavy rainfalls. The effectiveness of these weather stations could be increased by: 1) reinforcing the management of the stations; 2) improving the construction of the stations; 3) strengthening the integrated application of various meteorological methods; and 4) improving the meteorological monitoring system and mechanism. This would promote primary meteorological departments to integrate fine meteorological services into the local rural revitalization strategy, thereby playing a good exemplary role for the meteorological departments throughout the country.

With the global warming and frequent occurrence of high temperature events, the probability of rice being affected by high temperatures increases. Rice field temperature is the foundation for studying the high temperature heat damage and its impact on rice. Therefore, the wide-scale inversion of rice field temperature could help relevant departments set up a wide-range rice field temperature data in a short time and carry out research on rice high temperature heat damage and decision making. In this study, the 8-day synthetic data of MOD09A1 was used to extract rice planting areas in Anhui Province. Then the temperature of the AWS (automatic weather station) in the rice planting area and the four LST values such as MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 were used for multiple stepwise regression. The optimal equation for estimating the maximum and average temperature from remote sensing data was obtained, with the R² of 0.728 and 0.825, root mean square errors (RSME) of 2.21 and 1.54, and mean absolute errors (MEA) of 1.73 and 1.15, respectively. Finally, the method of inverting rice field air temperature based on satellite remote sensing information and AWS air temperature data was developed. The method was well applied in the extraction of rice planting areas and the inversion of final temperature in Anhui Province in 2017.

To clarify the impact of severe weather on maize production in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the impact of meteorological disasters on crop yield was analyzed based on the natural disaster situation, maize planting area, unit yield and total output from 2005 to 2017. The results showed that the area affected by drought accounted for more than 70%, the frequency was the highest and the impact was the greatest, and the drought resulted in the lowest maize yield level in 2009. The climatic condition of 23 meteorological stations in four cities of western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were studied, during the maize growing season from May to September, the temperature, precipitation and wind speed and other meteorological factors were basically the same among the stations, and the precipitation was mainly concentrated in July and August. The wind speed in Hohhot was relatively low. Comparing the probability of yield reduction in each city, Bayannaoer had less precipitation, the average yield reduction in the disaster year was relatively high, and it was affected by climate fluctuation more, but the city’s irrigation ratio was high, the variation coefficient of maize yield was the lowest and the yield stability was good. Hohhot had the highest average yield reduction during the disaster years and the highest yield variation coefficient of per unit area, large yield fluctuation, and poor yield stability. From the perspective of the collection and utilization of maize germplasm resources, improving the stress resistance of bred maize varieties are effective means to mitigate the loss caused by natural disasters and meteorological risks.

Based on the observation of the apricot tree phenology and the daily average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours of the corresponding period in Kashi City, and Yecheng, Shache, Bachu and Maigaiti County of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang, the relationship between the beginning of apricot flowering and meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that among the various meteorological factors, the lowest temperature has the greatest impact on flowering, followed by the average temperature and sunlight, and the precipitation and other meteorological factors have less influence. The temperature in the study area is positively correlated to the flowering period of the apricot tree. From 1984 to 2019, the minimum temperature and average temperature increase in Kashi from late February to late March was 0.2-1.7℃/10 years. The apricot flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering was ahead of time by 5.3 to 8.7, 3.1 to 5.6, and 2.2 to 3.6 d/10 a, respectively. In apricot flowering period forecasting service, the daily average temperature of north, south and east of Kashi passed through ≥0℃ from day 1 to 34, day 39 to 41, day 37 to 39, or the accumulated temperature passed ≥0℃ before flowering reaching 250, 270-280, and 250-270℃, respectively, or the sliding average temperature of 5 days before the beginning of flowering passed≥12℃ could be used as the basis for predicting the beginning of apricot tree flowering.

The purpose of this article is to study the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration over the past 58 years, and provide a basis for the research on meteorological ecology in Hulunbuir. Based on the observation data of 16 meteorological stations in Hulunbuir from 1961 to 2018, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and causes of potential evapotranspiration in the 58 years were analyzed from seasonal and decadal scales by means of trend analysis, M-K mutation test and partial correlation coefficient. The results showed that: (1) from 1961 to 2018, the annual average potential evapotranspiration changes in Hulunbuir ranged from 320 to 771 mm, and the overall trend was increasing from northeast to southwest and southeast; the average potential evapotranspiration was the highest in summer, followed by that in spring and autumn, and the lowest was in winter; (2) the annual average potential evapotranspiration increased at a rate of 2.3 mm/a, and it had a mutation in 1998, after which the increase trend became more obvious; (3) the increase trend in grassland areas in the southwest and agricultural areas in the east was significantly higher than that in the Great Khingan Mountains forest zone; (4) the variation of potential evapotranspiration in Hulunbuir was negatively correlated with wind speed, vapor pressure and relative humidity, and positively correlated with average air temperature and air pressure; the main factors affecting annual potential evapotranspiration were relative humidity and average temperature. Combining with the potential trend of evapotranspiration, the rational planning of water resources is of great significance to the ecological environment assessment and environmental change in this area.

To construct a local peanut yield forecasting model based on the influence of meteorological factors in Anhui, and provide reference for exploring the economic benefits of peanut and coping with the risk of meteorological disasters, grey correlation analysis on peanut meteorological output and meteorological factors from 2000 to 2017 of all cities in Anhui was conducted. The meteorological factors with greater correlation were screened out and a yield prediction model based on stepwise regression was established. The results showed that the correlation between Anhui peanut production and meteorological factors during growth period was followed the order of average temperature in May > light hours in July > light hours in May > light hours in June > the average temperature in July > light hours in August > the average temperature in August > the average temperature in June > precipitation in August > precipitation in July > precipitation in May > precipitation in June. Furthermore, peanut production over the years was tested based on the peanut per unit yield prediction model, revealing that the root mean square error between the predicted value and actual value was 815 kg/hm² and the fitting index was 0.81. The prediction model is proved to have certain application value.

The study established the suitable dynamic prediction of single cropping rice yield in Yunnan, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and decision support for predicting single cropping rice yield timely and accurately. Based on the data of single cropping rice yield, daily average air temperature, daily precipitation and daily sunshine hours in the growth period from 2000 to 2018 in Yunnan, dynamic prediction models were established by using methods with similar meteorological year type and with key meteorological factors. The results showed that the average prediction accuracy of the two prediction models both exceeded 92% on June 1, July 1, August 1 and August 21. The average accuracy of the similar meteorological year type model was 95.4% and 97.5% respectively on June 1 and August 21 from 2016 to 2018; and the average accuracy of the key meteorological factors model was 97.4% in the same period. The prediction accuracy of both the two dynamic prediction models is high enough to meet the needs of prediction service in Yunnan.

To better analyze the influence of main meteorological factors on summer maize yield, we used grey correlation analysis method to study their grey correlation from 2011 to 2018 in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the grey correlation between summer corn yield and major meteorological factors followed an order of September temperature (0.9562) > June to September temperature (0.9449) > June temperature (0.9312) > July temperature (0.9283) > August temperature (0.9157) > June to September light hours (0.8578) > July light hours (0.8393) > September light hours (0.8283) > June light hours (0.8212) > August light hours (0.7803) > June to September precipitation (0.7623) > September precipitation (0.6783) > August precipitation (0.6239) > June precipitation (0.5842) > July precipitation (0.5409). The temperature was the main factor, followed by light hours, and then was the precipitation. By analyzing the grey correlation degree between summer maize yield and main meteorological factors, the study could provide certain references for summer maize planting areas in huang-huai-hai region.

To study the effect of temperature and humidity change on the occurrence of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit ulcer disease, based on monitoring data of ulcer disease from March to April in 2013 to 2018 of 5 test areas in Houchang, Miluo, Shaomi of Shuicheng County, Langdai of Liuzhi Special Zone and Pugu of Panzhou City, and the observation data of temperature, humidity and days of persistent rainfall in the same period, we used mathematical statistics to analyze the relationship of the occurrence and the prevalence of ulcer disease of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit with temperature, humidity and days of persistent rainfall. The results showed that the temperature and humidity condition for the starting time of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit ulcer disease was precipitation weather (daily precipitation ≥0.1 mm) for 4 days or more, the average daily temperature≤15.0℃ and the average daily relative humidity≥80%, in addition, after the occurrence of the disease, the low temperature, overcast and rain and high humidity maintained for 1 day or more. The climate condition for the prevalence of the disease was precipitation weather (daily precipitation ≥ 0.1 mm) for 4 days or more, the daily average temperature ≤18.0℃ and the daily average relative humidity ≥ 80%, in addition, after the prevalence of the disease, the low temperature, overcast and rain and high humidity maintained for 1 day or more. In conclusion, the occurrence and prevalence of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit ulcer disease has a good response to the change of temperature and humidity in Guizhou Province.