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  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(24): 69-78. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202309062
    在干旱、半干旱地区利用微咸水进行灌溉可以缓解淡水资源供需矛盾,但其灌溉效果与土壤质地是否相关有待研究。该研究旨在探讨灌水矿化度对不同土壤质地滴灌棉花生长发育和籽棉产量、纤维品质的影响。2022年进行桶栽试验,设置2种玛纳斯河流域常见的棉田土壤质地(砂壤土T1、砂土T2)和4个灌水矿化度(0.85(S0)、2.00(S1)、5.00(S2)、8.00g/L(S3)),共8个试验处理,研究不同处理下棉花光合指标、株高、茎粗、产量及品质。结果表明:随灌水矿化度增大,在砂土中棉花苗期后株高、茎粗、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、单铃质量、单株铃数、产量、灌溉水利用效率和断裂比强度均呈现减小趋势,S3处理的蒸腾速率在蕾期较S0降低10.61%;而在砂壤土条件下,各指标呈先增后减趋势,S1处理净光合速率较S0增加8.40%。随灌水矿化度升高,2种土壤质地下棉花的最大荧光呈现减小趋势,非光化学淬灭呈现增加趋势。通过回归分析可知,砂土棉田棉花产量与灌水矿化度呈负相关关系,而在砂壤土棉田中,用小于3.69 g/L的灌溉水不会降低棉花产量。利用通径分析可知,在砂壤土条件下,棉花茎粗、蒸腾速率是影响产量的主要因素,株高是影响马克隆值的主要因素。在砂土条件下,非光化学淬灭系数、蒸腾速率是影响产量的主要因素,株高、蒸腾速率是影响马克隆值的主要因素。该研究可为玛纳斯河流域不同土质棉田合理利用微咸水资源提供理论依据与技术支撑。
  • BAIYulin, DUBin, TIANNan, WANGChengqiang, LIUXia
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2024, 40(35): 20-25. https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0355

    In order to study the response of different plant types of sea-island cotton to planting density, two loose plant types‘Yuanlong28’, ‘Yuanlong 61’and compact plant type ‘Xinhai 45’, were selected as materials for research, and the variations in agronomic, quality and yield traits under four distinct planting densities were studied. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, plant height, plant width, bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, micronaire, upper half mean length, fiber strength, length uniformity and fiber maturity showed a decreasing trend, while bolls per plant in middle and lower part of fruit branches increased. The plant height, plant width and bolls per plant in flowering and boll stage were significantly different among different densities. The loose plant type materials had long fruit branches, stable growth and great adaptability, and the suitable planting density was 0.21 million-0.27 million plants/ha. The compact plant type material had the characteristics of short fruit branches, fast growth, vigorous, strong boll setting, and high requirements for nutrients. Cultivation methods should be adjusted according to the actual growth, so that the growth advantage can be transformed into the yield advantage, and the yield can be further improved.

  • SHANGNa, LIQing’en, LIXiaoyu, WENXiaoxia, LIHaitao, YUFagang, LIQiuzhi, YANGZhongxu, YINHuihui
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2024, 40(33): 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0751

    In order to comprehensively understand the production performance of the newly state-approved cotton variety ‘Liaomian 15’, based on the data of the 2016-2018 regional tests of medium-ripe conventional varieties in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin, the yield, high stability coefficient, yield increase point rate, variety deviation degree and yield components were used to comprehensively evaluate the high yield performance, stable yield property and adaptability of ‘Liaomian 15’. The results showed that from 2016 to 2018, the average lint yield of ‘Liaomian 15’ was 1712 kg/hm2, which was increased by 16.77% compared to the control ‘Shikang 126’. Out of 50 experimental points in three years, 49 sites increased production. Path analysis showed that the total number of bolls, boll weight, and lint percentage had a direct positive effect on the lint yield of ‘Liaomian 15’. The direct contribution to the lint yield was as follows: total number of bolls>lint percentage>boll weight. ‘Liaomian 15’ was an excellent variety suitable for large-scale promotion in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin. In production, it was necessary to coordinate the relationship between the three factors while ensuring the total number of bolls, so as to maximize the production potential of the variety and contribute to ensuring the safety of national cotton production.

  • XUJianwei, YANZixin, ZHUJincheng, RUSibo, LIUWenhong, LIZhibo
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2024, 40(33): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0771

    The study aims to explore physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in cotton during seed germination stage. Using ‘Xinluzao NO.61’, a major local cotton variety, as the test material, the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) soaking on key germination characteristics and physiological indicators of cotton seeds were analyzed under different types of salt stress. The results showed that the germination of cotton seeds decreased with increasing salt stress concentration; Under NaCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3+NaHCO3 stress, the soaking with AsA enhanced the germination characteristics of cotton seeds, among them, the germination rate of cotton seeds increased the most, increasing by 55.32%, 56.10%, and 44.0% compared to the control, respectively, and the optimal AsA soaking concentration for improving salt tolerance was selected as 0.10 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.15 mmol/L; during the germination process under salt stress, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in cotton seeds soaked with AsA increased,while the content of MDA and H2O2 decreased, and all showed significant differences from the control group. It is concluded that AsA soaking can improve the salt tolerance of cotton seed during germination, as it enhances the main antioxidant enzyme activity, increases the content of osmotic substances, and alleviates membrane lipid peroxidation of cotton seed.

  • TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    ZHANGYongLi, ZHANGNing, XUJiao, XUDouDou, CHENGFang, ZHANGChengLong, WUBiBo, GONGYangCang, HEYunXin, WEIShangZhi, TUXiaoJu, LIUAiYu, ZHOUZhongHua
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2024, 57(22): 4444-4458. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.005

    【Objective】By analyzing the effects of different strip intercropping patterns on cotton biomass accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic performance and yield, the potential mechanism of cotton yield increase and efficiency under different strip intercropping patterns was explored, so the optimum cotton strip intercropping planting pattern suitable for the Yangtze River basin was proposed. 【Method】A two-point field experiment was conducted with monocropping cotton (MC) as the control, and three intercropping patterns of cotton-sweet potato (CS), cotton-bean (CB) and cotton-melon (CM) were set up, while two strip configurations were as follows: 3:3 and 4:2. The effects of different strip intercropping patterns on biomass accumulation, organ distribution, light and performance and yield of cotton were analyzed, and the ratio of cotton to soil equivalent and economic benefit under different strip intercropping patterns were calculated and compared. 【Result】Compared with MC, The average seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield under strip intercropping patterns in two field trials were significantly increased. Among them, compared with cotton intercropping with sweet potato and cotton intercropping with melon, the cotton intercropping with bean had the most significant advantage in cotton yield. and the yield of CB 3:3 pattern seed cotton was 23.20% and 32.46% higher than MC, respectively; compared with MC, the yield of lint was increased by 26.43% and 32.53%, respectively; the main reason was that the number of bolls per plant was 26.58 and 24.43, respectively, which were significantly increased by 22.21% and 28.85% compared with that of single cropping. The boll weight of cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 4:2 in Hengyang was 3.01% lower than MC. At full boll period, the biomass accumulation of cotton plant was higher than MC, and the proportion of reproductive organs allocation was significantly higher than that of stem and leaf, the proportion of reproductive organs in each intercropping pattern in Hengyang was more than 50%. From full squaring period to boll opening period, the leaf area index of all treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Compared with MC, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton plants were significantly increased under each intercropping pattern at full boll period. Among them, the cotton intercropping with beans at two field trials was the most advantageous. The net photosynthetic rate was 6.25%-6.29% and 2.85%-2.90% higher than MC, respectively, so it could effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of cotton plant and finally achieve yield increase. Under different strip intercropping patterns, the total economic benefit of cotton field in the two field trials increased by 1.24-2.70 times and 1.42-3.09 times, respectively, compared with MC. From the point of view of partial land equivalent ratio of cotton, except CS 4:2 pattern in Changsha, the other strip intercropping pattern in two field trials showed the advantage of intercropping yield. 【Conclusion】The increase of yield in different strip intercropping patterns was mainly achieved through the improvement of biomass accumulation, assimilate allocation and photosynthetic performance. The best performance was cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 3:3 pattern, which ensured higher yield and intercropping advantages, and was suitable for spreading planting in the Yangtze River basin.

  • JIN Dian, LIU Yu-ting, LIU Yu-ting, LIU Zhen-yu, DAI Yu-yang, DU Jia-ning, HE Run, WU Tian-fan, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua, ZHANG Xiang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(12): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.013

    The effects of mepiquat chloride (DPC) on Cry1Ac protein contents in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt cotton breeding and high-yield and high-efficiency cotton cultivation.  This study was undertaken on the Bt cotton cultivar ‘Sikang 3’ during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou, China.  The potted cotton plants were exposed to high temperature and drought stress, and 20 mg L−1 DPC and water (CK) were sprayed on cotton plants.  Seven days after treatment, Cry1Ac protein content, α-ketoglutarate content, pyruvic acid content, glutamate synthase activity, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity, soluble protein content, and amino acid content were measured, and transcriptome sequencing was performed.  DESeq was used for differential gene analysis.  Under the DPC treatment, in contrast with the water treatment (CK), Cry1Ac protein content increased by 4.7-11.9%.  α-Ketoglutarate content, pyruvic acid content, glutamate synthase activity, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity, soluble protein content, and amino acid content all increased.  Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 7542 upregulated genes and 10449 downregulated genes for DPC vs. CK.  GO and KEGG analyses showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes, such as amino acid metabolism and carbon metabolism.  Genes coding 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, amino-acid N-acetyltransferase, and acetylornithine deacetylase were all significantly upregulated.  DPC increased pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate by increasing the operating rate of the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle.  It also significantly up-regulated the genes encoding glutamate synthase and pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase, and down-regulated the genes encoding glutamine synthetase as well as up-regulated the genes encoding glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and N-acetylglutamate synthetase.  Therefore, the synthesis ability of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, pyruvate, and arginine was increased by DPC, and then Cry1Ac protein contents were increased by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism.

  • Teame Gereziher Mehari, Marijana Skorić, Hui Fang, Kai Wang, Fang Liu, Tesfay Araya, Branislav Šiler, Dengbing Yao, Baohua Wang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.017
    Accepted: 2024-10-08

    Two Cotton Research Institute (CRI) near-isogenic lines, CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless, were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.  We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs).  Consecutively, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found strong correlation of white and yellow modules containing GhTPS (GH_D09G0090) and GhCYP (GH_D05G2016) hub genes with the gossypol content.  The importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT‒qPCR, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and target metabolite analysis.  Silencing of these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection, as compared to the wild type.  In addition, a total of 152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.  Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs. control group, respectively, showing reduction in accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.  The content of hemigossypol, the final product of gossypol biosynthesis, was also reduced, as revealed by target metabolite analysis, suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.  Furthermore, a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.  The findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes, suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol, which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.

     

  • Section 1: Cotton functional genomics
    Qi Wang, Guoqiang Pan, Xingfen Wang, Zhengwen Sun, Huiming Guo, Xiaofeng Su, Hongmei Cheng
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3358-3369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.024
    Verticillium wilt (VW), induced by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd), poses a substantial threat to a diverse array of plant species.  Employing molecular breeding technology for the development of cotton varieties with heightened resistance to VW stands out as one of the most efficacious protective measures.  In this study, we successfully generated two stable transgenic lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), VdThit-RNAi-1 and VdThit-RNAi-2, using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology to introduce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the thiamine transporter protein gene (VdThit).  Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single-copy insertion in each line.  Microscopic examination showed marked reductions in the colonization and spread of Vd-mCherry in the roots of VdThit-RNAi cotton compared to wild type (WT).  The corresponding disease index and fungal biomass of VdThit-RNAi-1/2 also exhibited significant reductions.  Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a substantial inhibition of VdThit expression following prolonged inoculation of VdThit-RNAi cotton.  Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis revealed the generation of a substantial number of VdThit-specific siRNAs in the VdThit-RNAi transgenic lines.  Additionally, the silencing of VdThit by the siVdThit produced by VdThit-RNAi-1/2 resulted in the elevated expression of multiple genes involved in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway in Vd.  Under field conditions, VdThit-RNAi transgenic cotton exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance and yield compared with WT.  In summary, our findings underscore the efficacy of HIGS targeting VdThit in restraining the infection and spread of Vd in cotton, thereby potentially enabling the development of cotton breeding as a promising strategy for managing VW.


  • Section 1: Cotton functional genomics
    Qichao Chai, Meina Zheng, Yanli Li, Mingwei Gao, Yongcui Wang, Xiuli Wang, Chao Zhang, Hui Jiang, Ying Chen, Jiabao Wang, Junsheng Zhao
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3343-3357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.05.017
    Verticillium dahliae is an important fungal pathogen affecting cotton yield and quality.  Therefore, the mining of Vdahlia-resistance genes is urgently needed.  Proteases and protease inhibitors play crucial roles in plant defense responses.  However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the protease inhibitor PR6 gene family remain largely unknown.  This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the PR6 gene family in the cotton genome. We performed genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton GhPR6 gene family, which belongs to the potato protease inhibitor I family of inhibitors.  Thirty-nine PR6s were identified in Gossypium arboreum, Graimondii, Gbarbadense, and Ghirsutum, and they were clustered into four groups.  Based on the analysis of pathogen-induced and Ghlmm transcriptome data, GhPR6-5b was identified as the key gene for Vdahliae resistance. Virus-induced gene silencing experiments revealed that cotton was more sensitive to Vdahliae V991 after PR6-5b silencing.  The present study established that GhWRKY75 plays an important role in resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton by positively regulating GhPR6-5b expression by directly binding to the W-box TTGAC(T/C).  Our findings established that GhWRKY75 is a potential candidate for improving cotton resistance to Vdahliae, and provide primary information for further investigations and the development of specific strategies to bolster the defense mechanisms of cotton against Vdahliae.


  • Section 1: Cotton functional genomics
    Nurimanguli Aini, Yuanlong Wu, Zhenyuan Pan, Yizan Ma, Qiushuang An, Guangling Shui, Panxia Shao, Dingyi Yang, Hairong Lin, Binghui Tang, Xin Wei, Chunyuan You, Longfu Zhu, Dawei Zhang, Zhongxu Lin, Xinhui Nie
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3328-3342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.022
    Verticillium dahliae causes significant losses in cotton production.  To reveal the mechanism of the defense response to V. dahliae in cotton, transcriptomic analyses were performed using cotton cultivars M138 (V. dahliae-resistant) and P2 (V. dahliae-susceptible).  The results revealed 11,076 and 6,640 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to V. dahliae, respectively.  The weighted gene co-expression network analysis of 4,633 transcription factors (TFs) indicated a “MEblue” module containing 654 TFs that strongly correlate with resistance to V. dahliae.  Among these TFs, the ethylene response factor Ghi_A05G10166 (GhERF91) was identified as a putative hub gene with a defense response against V. dahliae.  A virus-induced gene silencing assay and exogenous application of ethephon showed that GhERF91 is activated by ethylene and positively regulates the response to V. dahliae exposure in cotton.  This study provides fundamental transcriptome data and a putative causal gene (GhERF91) associated with resistance to V. dahliae, as well as genetic resources for breeding V. dahliae-resistant cotton.


  • Section 1: Cotton functional genomics
    Qian Deng, Zeyu Dong, Zequan Chen, Zhuolin Shi, Ting Zhao, Xueying Guan, Yan Hu, Lei Fang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3264-3282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.06.011
    Pectin is a major constituent of the plant cell wall.  Pectate lyase (PEL, EC 4.2.2.2) uses anti-β-elimination chemistry to cleave the α-1,4 glycosidic linkage in the homogalacturonan region of pectin.  However, limited information is available on the comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of PELs in the Malvaceae.  In this study, we identified 597 PEL genes from 10 Malvaceae species.  Phylogenetic and motif analyses revealed that these PELs are classified into six subfamilies: Clades I, II, III, IV, Va, and Vb.  The two largest subfamilies, Clades I and II, contained 237 and 222 PEL members, respectively.  The members of Clades Va and Vb only contained four or five motifs, far fewer than the other subfamilies.  Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PEL gene family in Gossypium species.  The PELs from Clades I, IV, Va, and Vb were expressed during the fiber elongation stage, but nearly all PEL genes from Clades II and III showed no expression in any of the investigated fiber developmental stages.  We further performed single-gene haplotype association analysis in 2,001 Ghirsutum accessions and 229 Gbarbadense accessions.  Interestingly, 14 PELs were significantly associated with fiber length and strength traits in Gbarbadense with superior fiber quality, while only eight GhPEL genes were found to be significantly associated with fiber quality traits in Ghirsutum.  Our findings provide important information for further evolutionary and functional research on the PEL gene family members and their potential use for fiber quality improvement in cotton.


  • Special Focus: Three decades and beyond: Breeding, biotech breakthroughs and future of China’s GM insect-resistant cotton
    Chengzhen Liang, Shuangxia Jin
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3243-3249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.041
  • Jie Liu, Zhicheng Wang, Bin Chen, Guoning Wang, Huifeng Ke, Jin Zhang, Mengjia Jiao, Yan Wang, Meixia Xie, Yanbin Li, Dongmei Zhang, Xingyi Wang, Qishen Gu, Zhengwen Sun, Liqiang Wu, Xingfen Wang, Zhiying Ma, Yan Zhang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.040

    Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt (VW), which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum, is a global challenge.  Crop needs to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to balance growth and defense.  However, few transcriptional regulators specifically response to V. dahliae and the underlying mechanism in cotton has not been identified.  In this study, we found that the that expression of the majority R2R3-MYB in cotton is significantly changed relative to other MYB types by V. dahliae infection.  Of which, a novel R2R3-MYB TF GhMYB3D5, specifically response to V. dahliae, was identified. GhMYB3D5 did not express across 15 cotton tissues at normal condition, but drastically induced by V. dahliae stress.  We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.  Upon V. dahliae infection, the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1 expression, moreover, GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and furtherly enhanced the transcriptional activation to GhADH1.  Consequently, the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 promoted lignin accumulation via improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis (GhPAL, GhC4H, Gh4CL, and GhPOD/GhLAC) in cotton, thereby enhancing the cotton VW resistance.  Taken together, our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promoted a defense-induced lignin accumulation, which regarded as an effective manner in orchestrating plant immunity and growth.

  • Tingwan Li, Lu Long, Yingchao Tang, Zhongping Xu, Guanying Wang, Man Jiang, Shuangxia Jin, Wei Gao
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.030

    棉花不仅是重要的天然纺织纤维作物,也是一种重要的食用油来源。棉籽油中约含14%的油酸和59%的亚油酸。提高油酸含量有助于增强棉籽油的氧化稳定性和营养价值。磷脂酰胆碱:二酰基甘油胆碱磷酸转移酶(PDCT)是调控磷脂酰胆碱与二酰基甘油转化的关键酶本研究克隆了四个棉花PDCT同源基因,分别命名为GhPDCT1-4发现GhPDCT3GhPDCT4几乎不表达,而GhPDCT1棉籽油分积累期显著上调。利用CRISPR/Cas9系统同时敲除序列高度相似的GhPDCT1和GhPDCT2基因ghpdct突变体种子中油酸含量从野生型14.46%增加到16.49%,而亚油酸含量从59.98%减少到52.83%。此外,ghpdct种子中的棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量也有所增加。本研究获得了油酸含量提高的新型棉籽油种质,有望提升棉花作为油料作物的经济和营养价值,推动棉花产业的升级。

  • Liang Ma, Tingli Hu, Meng Kang, Xiaokang Fu, Pengyun Chen, Fei Wei, Hongliang Jian, Xiaoyan Lv, Meng Zhang, Yonglin Yang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.024
    Cotton breeding for the development of early maturing varieties is an effective way to improve the multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict in cultivated fields between grains and cotton in China.  In the present study, we aimed to find upland cotton quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to early maturity traits, including whole growth period (WGP), flowering timing (FT), node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB), height of the node of the first fruiting branch (HNFFB) and plant height (PH).  An early-maturing variety, CCRI50, and a late-maturing variety, Guoxinmian 11 were crossed to obtain biparental populations. These populations were used to map QTLs for the early-maturity traits for two years (2020 and 2021).  With BSA-seq analysis based on the data of population 2020, the candidate regions related to early maturity were found to be located on chromosome D03.  Then, we developed 22 polymorphic Indel makers to further narrow down the candidate regions, resulting in detection of five and four QTLs in the 2020 and 2021 populations, respectively.  According to the results of QTL mapping, two candidate regions (InDel_G286-InDel_G144 and InDel_G24-InDel_G43) were detected.  In these regions, three genes (GH_D03G0451, GH_D03G0649, and GH_D03G1180) have non-synonymous mutations in the exon and one gene (GH_D03G0450) has SNP variations in the upstream sequence between CCRI50 and Guoxinmian11.  These four genes also showed a dominant expression in the floral organs.  The expression of GH_D03G0451, GH_D03G0649 and GH_D03G1180 in CCRI50 was significantly higher than in Guoxinmian11 during the bud differentiation stages, while GH_D03G0450 showed an opposite trend.  Further functional verification of GH_D03G0451 showed that the GH_D03G0451-silenced plants showed a delay in the flowering time.  These results may suggest that these are the candidate genes for cotton early maturity and may further be used for cotton breeding aiming for early-maturity.
  • Lingxiao Zhu, Hongchun Sun, Ranran Wang, Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Jiehua Zhu, Cundong Li
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.011
    Exogenous application of melatonin by root drenching method is an effective way to improve crop drought resistance.  However, the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching method and the physiological mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced drought tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots remain elusive.  This study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of melatonin by root drenching and explored the protective effects of melatonin on cotton roots.  The results showed that 50 μmol L-1 melatonin is optimal and significantly mitigates the inhibitory effect of drought on cotton seedling growth.  Exogenous melatonin promoted root development in drought-stressed cotton plants by remarkably increasing the root length, projected area, surface area, volume, diameter, and biomass.  Melatonin also mitigated the drought-weakened photosynthetic capacity of cotton and regulated the endogenous hormone contents by regulating the relative expression of hormone-synthesis genes under drought stress.  Melatonin-treated cotton seedlings maintained optimal enzymatic and non-enzymatic capacities, producing relatively lower reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, thus reducing the drought stress damage to cotton roots (such as mitochondrial damage).  Moreover, melatonin alleviated the yield and fiber length declines caused by drought stress.  Taken together, these findings elucidated that root drenching of exogenous melatonin increases cotton yield by enhancing root development and reducing the root damage induced by drought stress.  In summary, these results provide a foundation for the application of melatonin in the field by root drenching method.
  • Huaxiang Wu, Xiaohui Song, Muhammad Waqas-Amjid, Chuan Chen, Dayong Zhang, Wangzhen Guo
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.037
    The root system architecture plays an essential role in water and nutrient acquisition in plants and is significantly involved in plant adaptation to various environmental stresses.  In this study, a panel of 242 cotton accessions was collected to investigate six root morphological traits at the seedling stage, including main root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV), and root average diameter (AvgD).  The correlation analysis between six root morphological traits revealed a strong positive correlation of TRL with RSA, RV with RSA and AvgD, whereas a significant negative correlation between TRL and AvgD.  Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the root phenotypic data and genotypic data reported previously for 242 accessions using 56,010 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the CottonSNP80K array.  A total of 41 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified with 9 for MRL, 6 for RFW, 9 for TRL, 12 for RSA, 12 for RV and 2 for AvgD respectively.  Among them, 8 QTLs were repeatedly detected in two or more traits.  Integrated with transcriptome analysis, we identified 17 candidate genes with high transcripts of transcripts per million (TPM)≥30 in roots.  Furthermore, we verified functionally a candidate gene GH_D05G2106 encoding a WPP domain protein 2 in root development.  Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay showed that knocking down GH_D05G2106 significantly inhibited root development in cotton, indicating its positive role in root system architecture formation.  Together, these results provide a theoretical basis and candidate genes for cotton root developmental biology and root-related cotton breeding.
  • Yayue Pei, Yakong Wang, Zhenzhen Wei, Ji Liu, Yonghui Li, Shuya Ma, Ye Wang, Fuguang Li, Jun Peng, Zhi Wang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.036
    The germination process of seeds is influenced by the interplay between two opposing factors: pectin methylesterase (PME) and pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), which collectively regulate patterns of pectin methylesterification.  Despite the recognized importance of pectin methylesterification in seed germination, the specific mechanisms that govern this process remain unclear.  In this study, we demonstrated that the overexpression of GhPMEI53 is associated with a decrease in PME activity and an increase in pectin methylesterification.  This leads to the softening of the cell wall in seeds, which positively regulates cotton seed germination.  AtPMEI19, the homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a similar role in seed germination to GhPMEI53, indicating a conserved function and mechanism of PMEI in seed germination regulation.  Further studies revealed that GhPMEI53 and AtPMEI19 directly contribute to promoting radicle protrusion and seed germination by inducing cell wall softening and reducing mechanical strength.  Additionally, the pathways of ABA and GA in the transgenic materials underwent significant changes, suggesting that GhPMEI53/AtPMEI19-mediated pectin methylesterification serves as a regulatory signal for the related phytohormones involved in seed germination.  In summary, GhPMEI53 and its homologs alter the mechanical properties of cell walls, influencing the mechanical resistance of the endosperm or testa.  Moreover, they impact cellular phytohormone pathways (e.g., ABA, GA) to regulate seed germination.  These findings enhance our understanding of pectin methylesterification in cellular morphological dynamics and signaling transduction, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the PME/PMEI super-gene family in plants.
  • Zhenyu Liu, Shu Dong, Yuting Liu, Hanjia Li, Fuqin Zhou, Junfeng Ding, Zixu Zhao, Yinglong Chen, Xiang Zhang, Yuan Chen, Dehua Chen
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.029
    During the boll formation stage, cotton bolls exhibit the lowest expression of insecticidal proteins.  Insect resistance varies notably among different organs, posing challenges for controlling cotton bollworms.  Consequently, a strategy was designed in the 2020-2021 cotton growing season to coordinate the enhancement of protein synthesis and the attenuation of degradation.  Two Bt cultivars of G. hirsutum, namely the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1, were used as test materials.  Three treatments were implemented: CK (the control), T1 (amino acids), and T2 (amino acids and EDTA).  These treatments were applied at the peak flowering period.  The results show that, in comparison to the CK group, Bt protein content significantly increased both cotton bolls and their subtending leaves under T1 and T2 treatments.  The maximum increase observed was 67.5% in cotton bolls and 21.7% in leaves.  Moreover, the disparity in Bt protein content between cotton bolls and their subtending leaves notably decreased by 31.2%.  Correlation analysis suggests that the primary physiological mechanisms for augmenting Bt protein content involve increased protein synthesis and decreased protein catabolism, independent of Bt gene expression levels.  Stepwise regression and path analysis reveal that elevating soluble protein content and transaminase activity, while reducing catabolic enzyme activity, are instrumental in enhancing Bt protein content.  Consequently, the coordinated regulation of amino acids and EDTA emerges as a strategy capable of improving the overall resistance of Bt cotton and mitigating spatiotemporal variations in Bt toxin concentrations in both cotton bolls and leaves.
  • YAN Qing-di, HU Wei, GAO Chen-xu, YANG Lan, YANG Jia-xiang, LIU Ren-ju, Masum Billah, LIN Yong-jun, LIU Ji, MIAO Peng-fei, YANG Zhao-en, LI Fu-guang, QIN Wen-qiang
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.002

    EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway and has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide resistance.  However, its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly understood.  Through the overexpression of EPSPS genes, we generated lines resistant to glyphosate that exhibited an unexpected dwarf phenotype.  A representative line, DHR1, exhibits a stable dwarf phenotype throughout its entire growth period.  Except for plant height, the other agronomic traits of DHR1 were similar to its transgenic explants ZM24.  Paraffin section experiments showed that DHR1 internodes were shortened due to reduced elongation and division of internode cells.  Exogenous hormones confirmed that DHR1 is not a classical BR- or GA-related dwarfing mutant.  Hybridization analysis and fine mapping confirmed that the EPSPS gene is the causal gene for dwarfism, and the phenotype can be inherited in different genotypes.  Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that genes associated with the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway were enriched in DHR1 when compared with ZM24.  Flavonoid metabolites were enriched in DHR1, whereas lignin metabolites were decreased.  The enhancement of flavonoids likely resulted in differential expression of auxin signal pathway genes and altered the auxin response, subsequently affecting cell elongation.  This study provides a new strategy for generating dwarfs and will accelerate advancements in light simplification of cultivation and mechanized harvesting for cotton.

  • LI Hong-ge, TANG Shu-rong, PENG Zhen, FU Guo-yong, JIA Yin-hua, WEI Shou-jun, CHEN Bao-jun, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, HE Shou-pu, DU Xiong-ming
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.030

    Cotton fiber quality is a persistent concern that determines planting benefits and the quality of finished textile products.  However, the limitations of measurement instruments have hindered the accurate evaluation of some important fiber characteristics (such as fiber maturity, fineness, neps), which in turn has impeded the genetic improvement and industrial utilization of cotton fiber.  Here, twelve single fiber quality traits were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) equipment among 383 accessions of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).  Also, eight conventional fiber quality traits were assessed by the High Volume Instrument (HVI) system.  Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) block genotyping and functional identification were conducted sequentially to uncover the associated elite loci and candidate genes of fiber quality traits.  As a result, the pleiotropic locus FL_D11 regulating fiber length related traits was again identified in this study.  More importantly, three novel pleiotropic loci (FM_A03, FF_A05, FN_A07) regulating fiber maturity, fineness and neps respectively were detected on the basis of AFIS traits.  Numerous highly-promising candidate genes were screened out by integrating RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses, including the reported GhKRP6 for fiber length and newly identified GhMAP8 for maturity and GhDFR for fineness.  The origin and evolution analysis of pleiotropic loci indicated that the selection pressure on FL_D11, FM_A03 and FF_A05 increased as the breeding period approached and the origins of FM_A03 and FF_A05 were traced back to cotton landraces.  These findings reveal the genetic basis underlying fiber quality and provide insight into genetic improvements and textile utilization of fiber in G. hirsutum.

  • CHONG Zhi-li, WEI Yun-xiao, LI Kai-li, Muhammad Aneeq Ur Rahman, LIANG Cheng-zhen, MENG Zhi-gang, WANG Yuan, GUO San-dui, HE Liang-rong, ZHANG Rui
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.037

    Leaves are the main places for photosynthesis and organic synthesis of cotton.  Leaf shape has important effects on the photosynthetic efficiency and canopy formation, thereby affecting cotton yield.  Previous studies have shown that LMI1 is the main gene regulating leaf shape. In this study, the LMI1 gene (LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1) was inserted into the 35S promoter expression vector, and cotton plants overexpressing LMI1(OE) were obtained through genetical transformation.  Statistical analysis of the biological traits of T1 and T2 populations showed that compared to wild type (WT), OE plants had significant larger leaves, thicker stems and significantly increased dry weight.  Furthermore, plant sections of the main vein and petiole showed that the number of cell in those tissues of OE plants increased significantly.  In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to gibberellin synthesis and NAC gene family (genes containing the NAC domain) in OE and WT plants, suggesting that LMI1 is involved in secondary wall formation and cell proliferation, and promotes stem thickening.  Moreover, GO (Gene Ontology) analysis enriched the terms of calcium ion binding, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis enriched the terms of fatty acid degradation, phosphatidylinositol signal transduction system, and cAMP signal pathway.  These results suggested that LMI1 OE plants were responsive to gibberellin hormone signals, and altered messenger signal (cAMP, Ca2+) which amplified this function, to promote the stronger above ground vegetative growth.  This study found the LMI1 soared the nutrient growth in cotton, which is the basic for higher yield.

  • Caixiang Wang, Meili Li, Dingguo Zhang, Xueli Zhang, Juanjuan Liu, Junji Su
    Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2024, 23(10): 3370-3386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.035
  • DUShanshan, LUOJing, YAOQingqing, HEZhongsheng, WANGDongli, SUNHuijian
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2024, 40(25): 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0196

    In order to clarify the sensitive response of different main cotton varieties to chemical topping agents in Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, four local main cotton varieties were selected as the research objects to study and analyze the effects of DPC (25% slow-release emulsion in water) treatment with chemical topping agents on plant height, LAI, aboveground biomass accumulation, yield and quality of different cotton varieties. The results showed that 30 days after topping, the plant height of different cotton varieties was significantly higher than that of artificial topping by 4.09%-7.54% (P<0.05), among which ‘Ba 43541’ increased the least. LAI of different cotton varieties under two topping methods ranged from 2.96 to 4.03. Compared with before topping, LAI of cotton variety ‘Ba 43541’ increased the most under chemical topping method. The changes of leaves, stems, buds and total dry matter mass of different cotton varieties under two topping methods were different, but the changes of dry matter mass under two topping methods were not significant (P>0.05). Compared with manual topping, chemical topping had little effect on fiber length, uniformity, specific strength, micronaire value and elongation of different cotton varieties, and the difference was significant. Compared with manual topping, the yield of seed cotton of different cotton varieties increased by 0.35%-2.49% under chemical topping, among which the yield of cotton variety ‘Ba 43541’ was the highest, with 163.15 kg/hm2, followed by ‘Xinluzhong 71’, ‘Xinluzhong 78’ and ‘Xinluzhong 81’. ‘Ba 43541’, the main cotton variety in Bayingol, is the most sensitive to chemical topping agent, and has the best effect of chemical capping, and has the potential to increase production.

  • Trans CSAE. 2023, 39(20): 111-122. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202307109
    为明确Aquacrop模型在北疆棉田膜下滴灌和地下滴灌方式下生长和生产模拟的适用性,并探究棉田生育期最优灌溉洗盐制度,该研究以2020和2021年的田间试验数据对模型参数进行校正和验证,并用校正好的模型揭示3种灌溉水平(100%ETc、80%ETc、60%ETc,其中ETc为作物需水量)、3种淋洗总定额(0、120和240 mm)、3种灌水频率(5、7和10 d/次)和3种降水年型(湿润年、平水年、干旱年)对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响。结果表明,2021年所有处理的冠层覆盖度、地上生物量归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error, NRMSE)不大于20.998%,一致性指数d≥0.967,决定系数R~2≥0.914,产量均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)、NRMSE、d和R~2分别为0.389 t/hm~2、6.797%、0.836和0.754,模型整体模拟效果良好。基于58 a气象数据的模型模拟表明:灌溉水平、淋洗定额、降水年型对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响显著,灌水频率的影响不显著;在平均土壤含盐量范围为12~18 g/kg的植棉区域,综合考虑产量、灌溉水生产力及实际生产情况,湿润年推荐80%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额,平水年和干旱年推荐100%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额;推荐延长灌水频率至10 d/次以减少灌水次数,节约成本。研究可以为Aquacrop模型在棉田中的应用积累经验,为农业水资源高效利用提供理论指导与技术支撑。
  • CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS
    BAIBingNan, QIAODan, GEQun, LUANYuJuan, LIUXiaoFang, LUQuanWei, NIUHao, GONGJuWu, GONGWanKui, ELAMEERELSAMMAN, YANHaoLiang, LIJunWen, LIUAiYing, SHIYuZhen, WANGHaiZe, YUANYouLu
    Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2024, 57(15): 2901-2913. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.15.001

    Objective】Exploring the genetic loci and related genes that control cottonseed size traits to lay a foundation for subsequent study on the molecular mechanism cottonseed size formation. 【Method】The upland cotton recombinant inbred line (RIL) population composed of 300 lines was used as the research material. Seven phenotypic traits including cottonseed index (SI), seed length-cutting acreage (SLA), seed length-cutting perimeter (SLP), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), length-width ratio (LWR) and seed roundness (SR) were evaluated in four environments. The RIL population was genotyped by liquid phase chip strategy. The high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and phenotypic data were subjected to perform genome-wide association study (GWAS), and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with cottonseed size-related traits were mined. The genetic effects of QTNs were analyzed to identify candidate genes. 【Result】Seven cottonseed size-related traits showed a continuous normal distribution in four environments, which expressed a sizable phenotypic variation. The coefficient of variation ranged from 1.82% to 10.70%. The influencing effect on trait formation were basically as genotype>environment>genotype × environment, indicating suitability for GWAS analysis of these results. Correlation analysis showed that the seed index was significantly correlated with SLA, SLP, SL and SW, and LWR was significantly correlated with SR, indicating the possible existence of pleiotropic loci. GWAS was performed using the 3VmrMLM model, and a total of 47 QTNs were associated with these seven traits. A total of 11 QTNs were associated on chromosome A07, of which three physical loci in the region of 71.99-72.87 Mb, A07:71993462, A07:72067994 and A07:72198802 were very close and simultaneously associated with SI, SLA, SLP, SL and SW in four environments. The average value of R2 between markers was>0.8 (P<0.001), showing a large linkage disequilibrium. Genetic effect analysis showed that there were two haplotypes in this region. Among these cottonseed size relating traits, haplotype Ⅱ and haplotype I were significantly different, indicating that these loci directly affected cottonseed size traits and could be used for molecular marker-assisted selection. The expression patterns of the genes in the interval were analyzed using TM-1 transcriptome data. The results revealed that Gh_A07G1767 was preferentially expressed and Gh_A07G1766 specifically expressed at the stage of cottonseed development. These results speculated that these genes may play an important role in the growth and development of cottonseed.【Conclusion】47 QTNs were identified, and two candidate genes related to cottonseed development were screened.

  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(01): 40-41. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.01.019
    山东省德州市棉花种植历史悠久,是国内重要的棉花种植产区之一。随着近年来棉花种植结构调整与气候环境变化,当地棉花种植中病虫害发生逐渐加重,严重影响棉花的品质与产量。为降低病虫害对棉花生长造成的不良影响,该文总结了立枯病、轮纹斑病、棉铃红粉病、棉铃疫病等当地常见病害,以及棉蚜、棉铃虫、棉盲蝽等当地常见虫害的发生特征与防控,为当地棉花病虫害防治提供参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(02): 60-61. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.02.025
    随着信息技术的快速发展,现代化农业生产也在向数字化、智能化方向迈进。棉花种植病虫害是影响棉花产量和品质的主要因素之一,因此病虫害防治是保证棉花高产、高质的重要手段。该文深入探讨农业信息化技术在棉花种植病虫害防治管理中的应用。分析了棉花种植病虫害的种类和危害;指出信息化技术在棉花种植病虫害防治中的相关技术,并分析了其具体应用;提出应用带来的挑战和解决对策,旨在为相关领域的研究和实践提供有益的参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(02): 54-55. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.02.022
    山东博兴县是棉花种植大县,而棉花种植的过程中受到气候变化、生态环境污染、棉花品种等多种因素的影响,棉花病虫害日益严重,为种植户带来较大经济损失。因此,该文主要针对棉花病虫害飞防中植保无人机的应用展开了研究,旨在提高棉花种植产量和品质,进一步推动棉花种植产业健康、持续发展。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(03): 71-72. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.03.024
    膜下滴灌是当前国内外棉花种植比较先进的栽培技术,不但可以减少病害、提升产量,还可以协调农业和环境之间的关系,实现经济效益与环境效益的双重目标。为促进棉花高产栽培,该文结合山东当地实际情况,从播前准备、早期管理、水肥管理、病虫害防治等方面,总结了棉花膜下滴灌高产栽培技术,供以相关研究人员参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(04): 60-61. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.04.026
    随着山东菏泽郓城县棉花种植面积逐渐扩大,棉铃虫呈逐年高发态势。该文阐述了棉铃虫的分布情况、形态特征与生活习性,并结合郓城县棉花生产情况,总结了棉铃虫在当地的发生时间与危害,提出农业防治、物理防治、化学防治等防控方法,以期确保当地棉花种植安全。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(04): 103-104. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.04.047
    该文根据新疆库车市棉花生产实际工作经验,总结了机械化整地、机械化覆膜播种、放苗、间苗定苗、灌溉施肥、打顶、病虫害防治等棉花全程机械化栽培管理技术要点,以期有效提高棉花种植效益,可为相关工作者提供参考。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(05): 65-66. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.05.027
    植保无人机在农业生产病虫害防治中发挥着重要的作用。为提升棉花病虫害防治的效果,该文以植保无人机飞防技术为主要研究对象,结合棉花种植的具体情况,在简单介绍植保无人机飞防作业基本要求的基础上,对其中应用的植保无人机飞防技术进行了研究和分析,重点结合案例区域植保无人机飞防技术应用的实际情况,探讨植保无人机飞防技术的应用要点,旨在提供病虫害防治工作的借鉴经验,从而保证相关地区棉花种植的产量和质量。
  • Agric Eng Technol. 2024, 44(08): 34-35. https://doi.org/10.16815/j.cnki.11-5436/s.2024.08.011
    棉花高密度免整枝栽培是一种新型的棉花种植技术,改变以往传统的棉花种植方式,去除整枝环节,通过增加种植密度,以提高棉花产量。同时配合应用棉花智能打顶技术,利用机器视觉、图像处理和人工智能等,自动识别棉花的生长状态和位置,确定需要打顶的棉株,实现精准定位打顶,降低人工成本和劳动强度。通过对棉花高密度免整枝栽培及智能打顶技术深入研究,有助于满足市场对高质量棉花的需求,提升中国棉花产业的国际竞争力。
  • J Intell Agric Mech Chin Eng. 2021, 2(01): 44-50+63.
    根据沿海盐碱地饲草—短季棉连作种植模式的特点,设计一款新型的基于北斗导航的棉花智能播种机。该机具可一次完成北斗导航无人驾驶、播种带清整、种下分层施肥、种肥隔离、智能精量播种、种肥隔离、覆土镇压、地表塑形等工序。利用该机具进行田间试验,结果表明:作业后的衔接行准确,播行端直,提高了衔接行的精准度和播行的直线度,播深平均为2.8 cm;播深合格率为92.5%;衔接行间距精度为1.2 cm;播种行直线度为0.8 cm,土地利用率提高5%。为后续田间标准化作业奠定基础,实现播种施肥精准控制,节种节肥。
  • J Intell Agric Mech Chin Eng. 2023, 4(02): 12-21.
    棉花是全球最重要的经济作物之一,而黄萎病是世界主要棉花生产区的第一大病害,黄萎病病原菌通过感染棉花的根部使叶片萎蔫、褪色以致脱落,导致棉花质量和产量严重下降。国家标准将患黄萎病叶片划分为5个等级,传统检测方法主要依赖人工,存在主观、低效、重复性差等问题,因此提出一种以VFNet-Improved、Deep Sort和撞线匹配机制为主要算法框架的棉花黄萎病病情分级方法,实现在旋转视频输入情况下对患病叶片的数量统计和病情等级的划分。研究首先基于VFNet目标检测网络,融合多尺度训练、动态卷积等优化方法,实现对旋转视频中患病叶片的精准定位;然后采用Deep Sort跟踪器实现前后帧同一叶片的相互关联,并针对跟踪过程ID跳变问题设计了掩膜撞线匹配机制;最后使用OpenCV对经过掩膜线的叶片进行特征提取与患病分级的划分。试验结果表明,VFNet-Improved可以有效改善棉花患病叶片识别精度,mAP_(75)达到0.906,较改进前VFNet模型提升了0.012,帧率FPS为12.9帧/s; Deep Sort跟踪器跟踪效果MOTA为0.835,对患病叶片数量统计结果R~2、RMSE、MAE与MAPE分别为0.890、5.138、4.300和14.967%,与人工统计值具有较高一致性。本研究为棉花黄萎病病情精准、高效鉴定提供一种新的科学工具,对棉花抗病品种筛选和遗传机制解析具有重要意义。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2020, 2(01): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200109
    大数据技术已经成为农业向智能化发展的重要推动力。新疆生产建设兵团在农业集约化程度、规模化水平、农机装备发展、现代农业技术应用等方面一直处于全国领先水平,形成了具有地域特色的现代植棉体系。面对兵团棉花生产领域多年来积累的海量数据,如何应用大数据技术进一步提升棉花生产的智能化水平,实现棉花全产业链的健康高效可持续发展,是信息化时代加强和提升兵团屯垦戍边能力的关键问题。为了促进兵团棉花生产农业大数据产、学、研一体发展,针对兵团特有的现代化植棉体系,从农业资源、农情监测、生产管理、农机调度、市场预测五个维度出发,基于成熟的大数据存储和分析系统框架,构建了从下到上由数据层、模型层、系统层和应用层组成的我国首个覆盖棉花生产全产业链的单品大数据平台。建成后该平台拟向全疆参与棉花生产和管理的潜在用户提供棉花生产农业大数据综合管理和共享、棉花生产遥感监测、棉花生产农机作业监控与运维、棉花生产种业生产管理、棉花生产水、肥、药智能决策、棉花产品质量追溯及棉花市场预警预测服务。最后,本文针对平台研发和构建过程中在数据共享、模型升级和服务模式方面遇到的问题进行了分析,并提出了建议,以期为我国农业大数据资源共享和平台建设提供参考。
  • J Agric Big Data. 2023, 5(04): 47-55. https://doi.org/10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.230405
    深度神经网络是棉花病害智能识别的一种重要方法。覆盖更多病害、土壤和环境信息的科学数据既是此类方法发展的基础,也是当前的关键制约因素之一。本文提出的棉花病害数据采集自中国海南省三亚市坡田洋高标准农田示范基地中的棉花种植田块,覆盖了炭疽病、细菌性角斑病、褐斑病和枯萎病四种常见棉花病害,包括3453张高分辨率的健康叶片和不同生长阶段的病叶图像。所有样品获取均采用田间随机采样方式,经筛选后由10名棉花病理学专家进行鉴定与标注,同时另选20名标注者对标注后图像进行随机重复标注以检测质量,Vision Transformer模型被引入以进一步验证数据集的稳定性。相对于其他同类数据集,当前数据集数据采集于复杂的田间环境,覆盖了常见棉花病害且具有高分辨率,可更好地服务于棉花病害智能识别模型、算法的研究、训练与验证。
  • Agric Outlook. 2022, 18(01): 69-73.
    棉花作为全球重要的大宗农产品之一,其价格波动会影响到整个棉花的产业链,研究棉花价格波动的影响因素至关重要。利用2008年1月至2020年8月中国棉花价格的月度数据,运用VAR模型分析了棉花支持政策、美元兑人民币汇率、棉花进口数量及进口到岸价等因素对中国棉花价格的影响;剖析了中国棉花价格与各影响因素之间存在的关系;揭示了各影响因素变化对中国棉花价格波动造成的不同影响。最后,围绕中国棉花的绿色优质发展,提出了棉花补贴标准要施行属地化管理、合理规划棉花产业布局、加强科技攻关等政策建议。
  • Agric Outlook. 2022, 18(02): 126-133.
    棉花作为仅次于粮食的第二大经济农作物对纺织行业有着主导性的影响。通过总结中国棉花进口贸易发展现状,发现中国棉花进口市场的国别高度集中,美国、印度、巴西、澳大利亚、乌兹别克斯坦是排名居前5位的进口来源国,中国对国际棉花市场的依赖度较高;通过构建随机前沿引力模型测算了中国从前十大来源国进口棉花的贸易潜力。结果显示,棉花来源国国内生产总值、人均可支配收入、签署双边贸易协定等变量对中国棉花进口均显著,对中国进口棉花的数量具有正向作用;中国从马里、乌兹别克斯坦、喀麦隆的棉花进口潜力基本饱和,而对澳大利亚、巴西、墨西哥的棉花进口仍有潜力。基于此,中国应尽快促成棉花进口市场的多元化,挖掘与其他国家棉花领域及相关产业链的合作潜力。最后,提出了稳定中国棉花进口市场的对策建议,即挖掘替代市场,实现棉花进口来源国多元化;巩固传统进口来源国,提高棉花自给率;健全棉花期货市场,提高定价话语权。

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