Livestock industry is an important industry related to national economy and people’s livelihood, is the pillar industry of agricultural and rural economy, and is a strategic industry to ensure food security and residents’ life. Inner Mongolia as China’s important natural pastures and animal husbandry base, promoted the construction of national important agricultural and livestock products production base in recent years, has become an important national “granary”,“meat warehouse”,“milk can”, and“cashmere city”. The grain production ranks sixth in the country. 1/2 of cashmere and products, 1/4 of mutton, 1/6 of milk, and 1/10 of beef in the country come from Inner Mongolia. Based on the development practice of modern livestock husbandry both domestically and internationally, this study analyzed the current situation and typical cases of livestock husbandry in Inner Mongolia, clarified the key problems faced by the development of modern livestock husbandry in Inner Mongolia, and proposed key paths for the development of modern livestock husbandry in Inner Mongolia.