
内生真菌简青霉CEF-818对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及机理
蒲丹丹, 张亚林, 白红燕, 魏峰, 冯鸿杰, 赵丽红, 顾爱星, 朱荷琴, 彭军, 冯自力
棉花学报. 2022, 34(4): 313-324
内生真菌简青霉CEF-818对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及机理
Control effect and mechanism of endophytic fungus Penicillium simplicissimum CEF-818 on cotton Verticillium wilt
【目的】明确棉花内生真菌简青霉(Penicillium simplicissimum)CEF-818对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及其作用机理。【方法】采用对峙培养法、对扣培养法、圆盘滤膜培养法测定CEF-818对大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)强致病力菌株Vd080菌丝生长的抑制作用;在温室内采用灌根接种法和基质接种法、在大田采用肥料撒施法和浸种接种法鉴定其对棉花黄萎病的温室和田间防治效果,通过棉花叶片活性氧和胼胝质的测定、利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测防御相关基因的表达,研究CEF-818诱导抗病能力。【结果】CEF-818的挥发性和非挥发性代谢产物对Vd080菌丝的生长有显著的抑制作用;对棉花黄萎病的温室和田间防治效果分别可达69.77%(基质接种法)和63.73%(肥料撒施法);CEF-818可诱导棉花叶片中活性氧爆发和胼胝质积累,诱导棉花中过氧化物酶基因POD、苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶基因PAL和病程相关基因PR10的上调表达,并抑制大丽轮枝菌在棉花中的定植。【结论】CEF-818通过直接抑制大丽轮枝菌的生长和诱导寄主抗性有效地抑制棉花黄萎病,具有较好的生物防治应用前景。
[Objective] The aim of this study is to determine the control effect and mechanism of a cotton endophytic fungus Penicillium simplicissimum CEF-818 on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The inhibition rate of CEF-818 against a virulent strain Vd080 of Verticillium dahliae was assessed using the confront culture method, plate-to-plate culture method, and exudate filtering culture method, and the control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt was tested by root irrigation and substrate inoculation methods in greenhouse and by fertilizer broadcast and seed soaking inoculation methods in field. The activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and callose accumulation in cotton leaves were measured, and the expression level of defense genes in cotton leaves were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The induced disease resistance by CEF-818 in cotton were evaluated. [Result] The volatile and non-volatile metabolites of CEF-818 significantly inhibited the growth of Vd080, and the control effects on cotton Verticillium wilt in greenhouse and field were 69.77%(substrate inoculation method) and 63.73%(fertilizer broadcast method), respectively. CEF-818 can induce oxidative burst and callose accumulation in cotton leaves, cause up-regulation of some defense genes, such as peroxidase gene POD, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene PAL and pathogenesis-related protein gene PR10, and suppress the infection of cotton by V. dahliae. [Conclusion] Strain CEF-818 effectively inhibits cotton Verticillium wilt by directly inhibiting the growth of V. dahliae and inducing host resistance, which has good prospects for biological control applications.
棉花黄萎病 / 内生真菌 / 简青霉CEF-818 / 生物防治 / 诱导抗性 / 防御基因 {{custom_keyword}} /
cotton Verticillium wilt / endophytic fungus Penicillium simplicissimum CEF-818 / biological control / induced resistance / defense genes {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 防御相关基因的特异性引物Table 1 Specific primers of related resistance genes |
基因名 Gene name | 正向引物 Forward primer | 反向引物 Reverse primer |
PAL | TGGTGGCTGAGTTTAGGAAA | TGAGTGAGGCAATGTGTGA |
POD | CCGCATAACCATCACAAG | ACTCTCATCACCTTCAACA |
PR10 | ATGATTGAAGGTCGGCCTTTAGGG | CAGCTGCCACAAACTGGTTCTCAT |
ubiquitin | GAGTCTTCGGACACCATTG | CTTGACCTTCTTCTTCTTGTGC |
图1 CEF-818在对峙培养(A、B)、对扣培养(C、D)和圆盘滤膜培养(E、F)下对大丽轮枝菌Vd080菌落生长的影响A:对峙培养Vd080(左)和CEF-818(右);B:仅接种Vd080培养(对照);C:Vd080和CEF-818培养基对扣处理;D:Vd080与PDA培养基对扣(对照);E:CEF-818处理培养基后接种Vd080;F:仅接种Vd080(对照)。Fig. 1 Effects of CEF-818 on colony growth of V. dahliae Vd080 under the confront culture (A, B), plate-to-plate culture (C, D) and exudate filtering culture (E, F) A: Inoculated with Vd080 (left) and CEF-818 (right); B: only inoculated with Vd080 (control); C: plate-to-plate culture with Vd080 and CEF-818; D: plate-to-plate culture with Vd080 and PDA plate (control); E: first treated medium with CEF-818, and then inoculated with Vd080; F: only inoculated with Vd080 (control). |
图2 棉花内生真菌CEF-818处理和对照的棉花黄萎病发生情况比较A:CEF-818滤液灌根处理;B:PDB灌根对照;C:CEF-818固体菌剂基质处理;D:无菌培养基质对照。Fig. 2 Comparison of Verticillium wilt occurrence between CEF-818 treatments and relative controls A: Root irrigation with CEF-818 filtrate; B: root irrigation with PDB; C: CEF-818 solid substrate treatment; D: sterile culture substrate (control). |
表2 不同处理下棉花黄萎病发生情况和CEF-818的温室防治效果Table 2 Cotton Verticillium wilt incidence of different treatments and control effects of CEF-818 in the greenhouse |
处理 Treatment | 发病率 Disease incidence/% | 病情指数 Disease index | 防治效果 Control efficacy/% |
CEF-818滤液灌根Root irrigation with CEF-818 filtrate | 46.47±0.03* | 16.55±1.20* | 45.84±0.02 |
PDB灌根(对照) Root irrigation with PDB (control) | 66.96±0.06 | 30.56±1.56 | |
CEF-818固体菌剂基质 CEF-818 solid substrate | 39.96±0.05* | 13.10±3.628* | 69.77±0.09 |
无菌培养基质(对照) Sterile culture substrate (control) | 83.06±0.04 | 43.33±1.36 |
注:数据为平均值±标准差,空白表示无此项; *表示处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Data are means ± standard deviation, and the blank indicates no such item; * indicates significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. |
表3 不同处理下棉花黄萎病发生情况和CEF-818的田间防治效果Table 3 Cotton Verticillium wilt incidence of different treatments and control effects of CEF-818 in the field |
处理 Treatment | 发病率 Disease incidence/% | 病情指数 Disease index | 防治效果 Control efficacy/% |
---|---|---|---|
CEF-818固体菌剂基质 CEF-818 solid substrate | 23.98±0.11* | 9.14±3.12* | 63.73±0.10 |
无菌培养基质(对照) Sterile culture substrate (control) | 59.84±0.10 | 25.20±3.87 | |
CEF-818滤液浸种 Seed soaking with CEF-818 filtrate | 32.17±0.09* | 12.04±2.9* | 53.96±0.14 |
PDB浸种(对照) Seed soaking with PDB (control) | 61.44±0.20 | 26.15±6.12 |
注:数据为平均值±标准差,空白表示无此项; *表示处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Data are means ± standard deviation, and the blank indicates no such item; * indicates significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. |
表4 CEF-818菌剂处理对棉花出苗率和生物量的影响Table 4 Effect of CEF-818 on seedling emergence rate and biomass of cotton |
处理 Treatment | 出苗率 Emergence rate/% | 株高 Plant height/cm | 根长 Root length/cm | 地上部鲜物质质量 Above-ground mass (fresh)/g | 地下部鲜物质 质量 Root mass (fresh)/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEF-818固体菌剂基质 Solid inoculant substrate of CEF-818 | 91.14±0.04* | 15.29±0.84* | 12.69±1.07 | 6.10±0.03* | 0.64±0.06 |
无菌培养基质(对照) Sterile culture substrate (control) | 74.47±0.03 | 13.06±1.87 | 11.46±2.08 | 4.29±0.05 | 0.63±0.02 |
注:数据为平均值±标准差; *表示处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Data are means ± standard deviation. * indicates significant difference between treatment and control (P < 0.05). |
图5 CEF-818诱导棉花防御相关基因的表达检测结果*表示同一时间点CEF-818和CK间差异显著(P<0.05)。CEF-818:CEF-818滤液灌根处理;CK:PDB培养液灌根。Fig. 5 Expression detection of defense-related genes induced by CEF-818 inoculation in cotton * indicates significant difference between CEF-818 and CK at the same time (P < 0.05). CEF-818 filtrate: root irrigation with CEF-818; CK: root irrigation with PDB. |
图6 接种后4 d棉花根部Vd080的定植量CEF-818:CEF-818固体菌剂基质处理;Control:无菌培养基质处理(对照)。以大丽轮枝菌β-tubulin基因的相对表达量表征Vd080的定植量; *表示处理与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。Fig. 6 Colonization level of Vd080 in cotton root at 4 d after its inoculation CEF-818: treated with solid inoculant substrate of CEF-818; Control: sterile culture substrate treatment. The colonization level of Vd080 was characterized by the relative expression level of the V. dahliae β-tubulin gene; *indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). |
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