利用基质育苗裸苗移栽技术进行短季棉麦后移栽连作是一种轻简化植棉新模式，其中适宜苗龄移栽是首要问题。试验地点在黄河流域棉区的安阳市，以中棉所50为材料，研究比较6个苗龄裸苗麦后移栽后的生长发育和产量特征。结果表明，提前育苗其现蕾期提前，苗龄每增加1 d，从移栽到现蕾期大田气积温约减少4.33℃·d，但大龄苗积温利用率不高；适龄移栽裸苗霜前花率可达到75%，子棉产量以苗龄50 d最高，达到3238.6 kg·hm-2；栽前棉苗素质高有助于提高成活率；麦后移栽棉具有集中生长特点，株高最快生长速度日在移栽后34 d左右，干物质和生殖器官最快积累期分别在打顶后14 d和现蕾后70 d左右；各处理功能叶酶活性在返苗前后变化大，但以苗龄50 d活性变化相对平稳。综合比较，苗龄50 d左右移栽具有较合理的产量构成和较高的增产潜力。
Abstract
Under the new wheat-cotton continuous cropping pattern, cotton substrate seedling and naked-root transplant is a main light and simple technique. Its primary target is to figure out the appropriate seedling age to transplant. This study was conducted to investigate the differences in growth, development and yield among six transplanting seedling ages for a short season cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.),cv. CCRI 50, in Anyang，Yellow River Valley Planting Region. The main results were as follows: the accumulated air temperature from transplant to bud declined by 4.33℃·d with each day increase in seedling age, but accumulated temperature use efficiency reduced by increasing seedling age. Suitable transplanting seedling age resulted in a higher percentage of pre-frost cotton, about 75%. Seedling age of 50 d resulted in the greatest seed cotton yield which was 3238.6 kg·hm-2. Moreover, high seedling quality had a positive effect on transplant survival rate. With the characteristics of concentrated growth, for cotton seedlings transplanted after wheat, the fastest growing rate, the greatest dry matter and reproductive organs accumulation rates occurred around 34 days after being transplanted, 14 days after topping and 70 days after squaring, respectively. Enzymatic activity of functional leaves changed a lot during the recovering stage, moreover, enzymatic activity of 50-day seedlings kept relatively stable. By comprehensive comparison, 50-day seedlings had more appropriate yield components and higher potential for yield increase.
关键词
短季棉
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裸苗移栽 /
苗龄 /
生长发育
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Key words
short-season cotton
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naked-root transplant /
seedling age /
growth & development
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