Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Efficiency of Wheat
Lihua LÜ, Haipo YAO, Zhimin CAO, Jingting ZHANG, Yanrong YAO, Xiuling JIA
Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Efficiency of Wheat
It explored the ratio of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer in the piedmont plain of Hebei Province,in order to provide a basis for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of nitrogen in wheat in this area.Field experiments were carried out in Boyuan farm in Yongnian,Hebei Province for two consecutive years,and five organic and inorganic fertilizer combination treatments were set up.The results showed that organic fertilizer instead of 20% and 40% chemical fertilizer could significantly improve the number of grains per spike and yield.Compared with the high nitrogen and saving nitrogen treatment of single chemical fertilizer application,the yield increased by more than 4.0%,and the number of grains per spike increased by 3.6—5.6.Most of the grain quality indexes for organic fertilizer instead of 20% and 40% chemical fertilizer treatment,and saving nitrogen treatment were better,and the stabilization time increased by 2.2—2.7 min,the tensile area increased by 10.5—17.5 cm2,and the maximum tensile resistance increased by 28.0—75.5 EU.Various nitrogen efficiency indicators of treatment for organic fertilizer instead of 20% were higher.The nitrogen fertilizer efficiency,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and nitrogen harvest index increased 109.3%,9.3% and 11.3% respectively compared with high nitrogen treatment,and 6.9%,8.5% and 8.3% respectively compared with the saving nitrogen treatment.When organic fertilizer replaced chemical fertilizer in different proportions,nitrate nitrogen in 0—20 cm soil appeared "surface accumulation",and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased,which was more than 38.5% higher than that of the saving nitrogen treatment.The nitrate nitrogen in 20—40 cm soil was significantly higher for the saving nitrogen treatment and the high nitrogen application treatment.Organic fertilizer instead of 20% nitrogen fertilizer treatment had the best yield and grain quality,significantly improve the nitrate nitrogen content in 0—40 cm soil,improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization of wheat,and finally obtain higher environmental benefits.
Wheat / Organic fertilizer / Chemical fertilizer / Yield / Grain quality {{custom_keyword}} /
Tab.1 Amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in different fertilization treatments kg/hm2表1 不同施肥处理有机肥和化肥用量 |
处理 Treatments | 纯氮 Nitrogen | 有机肥 Organic fertilizer | 化肥Chemical fertilizer | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
尿素 Urea | 过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate | 氯化钾 Potassium chloride | |||
T1 | 300 | 0 | 652 | 196 | 150 |
T2 | 150 | 0 | 326 | 196 | 150 |
T3 | 150 | 1 210 | 261 | 189 | 131 |
T4 | 150 | 2 420 | 196 | 181 | 111 |
T5 | 150 | 3 630 | 130 | 174 | 92 |
Tab.2 Yield and yield components of wheat under different treatments表2 不同处理下小麦产量及产量构成因素 |
处理 Treatments | 穗数/(×104/hm2) Spike number | 穗粒数 Grain number per spike | 千粒质量/g Thousand grain weight | 产量/(kg/hm2) Grain yield | 经济系数 Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 612.7±35.4a | 30.4±0.6b | 46.0±0.4a | 8 622.8±348.1b | 35.6±1.4c |
T2 | 560.3±8.5b | 30.6±0.8b | 47.8±1.3a | 8 704.2±140.6b | 35.5±1.2c |
T3 | 553.6±15.0b | 34.2±1.1a | 46.6±1.5a | 9 107.7±270.8a | 39.0±3.0a |
T4 | 551.9±23.4b | 36.0±0.3a | 46.1±0.6a | 9 042.9±110.4a | 37.9±2.9ab |
T5 | 553.6±26.9b | 33.8±0.7b | 45.7±0.6ab | 8 577.5±378.5bc | 36.8±1.3ab |
注:数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Values followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at P<0.05.The same as |
Tab.3 Grain quality characters under different treatments表3 不同处理籽粒品质性状 |
处理 Treatments | 14%湿 基湿面筋/(g/kg) 14% wet gluten | 沉淀值/mL Precipitation value | 稳定时间/min Stabilization time | 拉伸面积/cm2 Tensile area | 最大拉伸阻力/EU Maximum tensile resistance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.98±0.19ab | 37.0±0.3ab | 14.0±0.9b | 106.5±2.9ab | 587.0±20.2c |
T2 | 3.07±0.30a | 37.8±1.5a | 16.2±1.1a | 110.0±6.7a | 648.0±38.6a |
T3 | 3.08±0.24a | 37.9±1.9a | 16.4±1.6a | 113.0±3.4a | 624.0±32.7a |
T4 | 3.05±0.27a | 39.0±0.9a | 16.7±2.2a | 106.0±6.6ab | 615.0±24.6ab |
T5 | 3.03±0.16a | 38.5±1.5a | 16.3±2.1a | 95.5±5.4c | 572.5±22.1c |
Tab.4 Nitrogen uptake and utilization under different treatments表4 不同处理下小麦氮素吸收利用效率 |
处理 Treatments | 籽粒吸氮量/ (kg/hm2) NUG | 氮肥效率/ (kg/kg) NFE | 氮素吸收效率/ (kg/kg) NUPE | 氮素利用效率/ (kg/kg) NUTE | 氮收获指数/% NHI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 211.9±9.0b | 29.0±3.6c | 1.13±0.11c | 25.6±2.6b | 62.2±1.9c |
T2 | 211.8±13.1b | 56.8±2.1b | 2.21±0.16a | 25.8±2.1b | 64.0±1.6b |
T3 | 225.7±12.6a | 60.7±3.0a | 2.17±0.17a | 28.0±1.4a | 69.3±2.2a |
T4 | 225.0±14.2a | 60.3±2.6a | 2.18±0.14a | 26.4±0.9b | 65.7±2.3b |
T5 | 203.8±17.5bc | 57.2±3.2b | 2.06±0.16ab | 26.7±2.0b | 62.8±2.2c |
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