Current Issue http://journals.caass.org.cn/syjxb EN-US http://journals.caass.org.cn/syjxb/EN/current.shtml http://journals.caass.org.cn/syjxb 5 gl26016 gene of Ganoderma lingzhi was cloned, with a full length of 1 169 bp and an open reading frame of 1 107 bp. Protein sequence analysis showed that gl26016 encodes a Cys₂His₂ (C₂H₂) type transcription factor. To investigate the function of gl26016, a 483 bp fragment was deleted in gl26016 by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the gl26016 disrupted mutant strain was verified by PCR and sequencing. The results showed that the gl26016-disrupted strain (△GL26016) was successfully obtained. Both the wild-type strain (WT) and the △GL26016 strain showed similar dry mycelium weight and mycelium morphology. However, the accumulation of ganoderic acids in △GL26016 was higher than that in WT. On the 6th day of liquid static culture, the contents of GA-Mk, GA-S and GA-Me in △GL26016 were (5.09±0.36), (5.36±0.11), and (3.45±0.26) μg·mg^-1, respectively, which were 1.51-folds, 1.47-folds and 1.93-folds of those in WT, respectively. These results suggested that GL26016 plays an important role in GA biosynthesis in G. lingzhi.]]> cas9 expression plasmid pMD-EXP-cas9 was constructed, and then transformed to monokaryotic strain L1 of Ganoderma lucidum ‘Hunong No.1’ cultivar by polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated transformation to yield L1-cas9 that contained the complete expression cassette of cas9. Using T7 promoter, expression plasmids psgRNA-1 and psgRNA-2 targeting ura3 were constructed, and then sgRNA 1 and sgRNA 2 were obtained by in vitro transcription. Through PEG-mediated transformation, sgRNA 1 and sgRNA 2 were transformed into protoplasts of L1-cas9. For the first time, a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was constructed in G. lucidum ‘Hunong No.1’ cultivar, and the gene editing efficiency for ura3 was four mutants per 10⁷ protoplasts. Using 0.006% Triton X-100, the PEG-mediated transformation system was optimized, and the editing efficiency increased to greater than 18 mutants per 10⁷ protoplasts. This study provided an efficient tool for studying gene function and molecular breeding in G. lucidum.]]> Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated with eucalyptus bark and eucalyptus sawdust (treatment groups) versus miscellaneous sawdust and sugarcane bagasse (control groups). The results showed that compared with fruiting bodies cultivated with miscellaneous sawdust, there were seven differential metabolites and four differential metabolite pathways in those cultivated with eucalyptus bark, and 23 differential metabolites and five differential metabolite pathways in those cultivated with eucalyptus sawdust. Compared with fruiting bodies cultivated with sugarcane bagasse, there were 23 differential metabolites and five differential metabolite pathways in those cultivated with eucalyptus bark, and 26 differential metabolites and 10 differential metabolite pathways in those cultivated with eucalyptus sawdust. Eucalyptus sawdust and eucalyptus bark were strongly correlated with C5 branched dibasic acid metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism, respectively. This study provided a reference for the application of major byproducts of eucalyptus processing in edible fungi cultivation.]]> Oudemansiella sp. sample was collected from Guishan National Forest Park, Guishan Town, Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, and then subjected to tissue isolation to yield a pure strain. The pure strain was identified through morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. Using single factor and orthogonal experiments, the cultivation conditions for solid and liquid culture of mycelia were optimized. Using cultivation bags and casing soil, the pure strain was then domesticated in greenhouse under natural light condition, 20—28 ℃, 40% soil humidity and 80%—90% air humidity. The results showed that the pure strain JF2004 isolated from basidiocarps by tissue isolation was identified as O. submucida. The optimal solid medium for mycelial growth was composed of 20.0 g·L^-1 fructose, 16.0 g·L^-1 agar powder, 2.0 g·L^-1 yeast extract, 0.5 g·L^-1 calcium carbonate, and 0.01 g·L^-1 vitamin B₁ at pH8.0, and the optimal incubation temperature was 26 ℃. The optimal liquid culture medium for mycelial growth was composed of 20.0 g·L^-1 soluble starch, 2.0 g·L^-1 yeast extract, 0.5 g·L^-1 dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01 g·L^-1 vitamin B₁, and the optimal temperature and pH for liquid culture were 28 ℃ and pH5.0, respectively. About 23 d after inoculation, mycelia grew full of cultivation bags, and then mature basidiocarps formed 24 d after mulching. Compared with wild basidiocarps, cultivated basidiocarps had larger and lighter colored pilei. Wild basidiocarps showed conspicuous annulus whereas cultivated basidiocarps had small or no annulus. Wild basidiocarp stipes appeared darker at the base, whereas stipes of cultivated basidiocarps were white all over.]]> Coprinellus xanthothrix (Romagn.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson. The optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, and pH for mycelial growth were glucose, peptone, 25 ℃, and pH6.0—7.0, respectively. Fruiting bodies were obtained when a substrate formula comprising 37% wood chips, 33% corn cobs, 18% wheat bran, 5% corn starch, 3% lime, 3% poplar branches and defoliation, and 1% gypsum was used. The initial primordial development of C. xanthothrix was pileostipitocarpous, and then quickly switched to isocarpous.]]> Pholiota adiposa fruiting bodies, and then determined to be ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ETO) by MS and NMR. ETO was then studied for its inhibitory effects on HepG2, MCF-7, HeLa, and A549 cancer cells by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), and antitumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: model group, positive group (cyclophosphamide, 0.1× 10^-3 mmol·kg^-1), low dose ETO group (LD, 0.025 mmol·kg^-1), medium dose ETO group (MD, 0.05 mmol·kg^-1) and high dose ETO group (0.1 mmol·kg^-1). Gavage with saline was the blank control. Mice in different groups were measured for tumor suppression rate and organ indices after 15 consecutive days of treatment. The contents of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in mouse serum were determined by ELISA. Tumor cell arrangement, cell integrity, number of nuclei were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the degree of apoptosis in tumor tissues was determined by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of VEGF, Bcl-2 and BAX were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ETO inhibited the proliferation of HepG2, MCF-7 and HeLa cells in vitro, i.e. the inhibition rate of 100 μg·mL^-1 ETO on HepG-2 cells reached 91.04%. ETO inhibited tumor growth in H22 mice, and the tumor inhibition rate of HD group reached 72.06%, with thymus index and spleen index significantly improved. In the model group, the tumor cells were arranged neatly and tightly, the growth status was good, and the apoptosis rate was low. In contrast, the tumor cells of the ETO treated groups showed different degrees of deformation, rupture, blurring, and massive apoptosis. Compared with the model group, ETO increased the contents of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in mouse serum, decreased VEGF level, and showed a good antitumor effect through decreasing the expression levels of VEGF, Bcl-2, and increasing the expression level of BAX.]]> 6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) from Cordyceps chanhua were optimized. Based on the results of the single factor experiments, a Box-Behnken surface response design was used to optimize liquid-to-material ratio, water bath temperature, and water bath time. The optimized conditions were as follows: ultrapure water as the solvent, liquid-to-material ratio 118∶1, ultrasonic time 25 min, water bath at 24 ℃ for 3.8 h. Using the optimized conditions, the resultant HEA content in the extract was (0.836 ± 0.030) mg·g^-1. HEA was further purified by macroporous resin, acidic alumina chromatography, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (SP-HPLC) and then confirmed to be HEA by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR). The purity of HEA was determined to be 99.32% by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).]]> Lentinula edodes, and the optimal extraction process was optimized by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The purified ergosterol product was characterized, analyzed for photostability, and measured for its activities of scavenging hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals, and lowering cholesterol level. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: solid to liquid ratio 1∶40 ( g∶mL), 0.04 g·mL^-1 KOH, ultrasonic temperature 70 ℃, and ultrasonic time 70 min. Under these conditions, the ergosterol yield was (0.81 ± 0.02) %, and the purity was (86.18 ± 3.49) %. Compared with incandescent light, ultraviolet light resulted in a significant decrease in the retention rate of the purified ergosterol product. Within the experimental range, 1 mg·mL^-1 purified ergosterol product had a high scavenging rate on hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals, and the IC₅₀ of hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals were (12.96 ± 1.36) and (6.68 ± 0.98) mg·mL^-1, respectively. The purified ergosterol product significantly decreased the solubility of cholesterol in micelles. These results provided a reference for the utilization of L. edodes ergosterol.]]> Inonotus vaninii, respectively. The alcohol extracts derived by different methods were determined for total polyphenol content and inhibition rate on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. RAW264.7 cells were induced by monosodium urate (MSU) to establish the acute gout cell injury model, and the effects of the ultrasound prepared ethanol extract on the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were studied. The results showed that the ethanol extract prepared by reflux had a high XO inhibition rate. Compared with the model group, the IL-1β content of 5.00 μg·mL^-1 alcohol extract group was significantly decreased, and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were extremely significantly decreased in both 10.00 μg·mL^-1 and 20.00 μg·mL^-1 alcohol extract groups. The ROS contents of 5.00 μg·mL^-1, 10.00 μg·mL^-1, and 20.00 μg·mL^-1 alcohol extract groups were extremely significantly decreased compared with that of the model group. NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages was significantly and extremely significantly decreased in 10.00 μg·mL^-1 and 20.00 μg·mL^-1 alcohol extract groups, respectively. These results indicated that I. vaninii ethanol extract had potential anti-gout activity in vitro, which provided a reference for its further development and utilization.]]> Pleurotus pulmonarius with blight disease were collected, and suspected pathogens were isolated and purified. According to Koch’s postulates, a strain named TLH07 was verified to be the pathogen that caused typical characteristics of the blight disease, i.e. fruiting body withering and pileus depression. Based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, TLH07 was identified as Ewingella americana. TLH07 inhibited mycelial growth of P. pulmonarius. The contamination rates of surface layer, inner layer, bottom layer, cotton plug, and water source were 40%, 6%, 0%, 17%, and 10%, respectively. Improper inoculation operation may be the reason for this disease. This study provided a reference for the prevention and control of this disease.]]> Engleromyces sinensis is a precious medicinal fungus distributed in southwest China, and has remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, the type specimens were collected 65 years ago, thus making it difficult to obtain DNA barcode sequences from them. This drawback is detrimental to the utilization and conservation of this fungal resource. On the basis of morphological examinations among type specimens of E. sinensis and newly sampled specimens from Yunnan and Sichuan, five new collections were identified as E. sinensis. One of them from the type locality Yulong County, Yunnan was designated as an epitype. An illustrated description was provided for the epitype. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated tef-1a, nrSSU, nrLSU and ITS sequences further confirmed that E. sinensis belongs to Xylariaceae. From this epitype of E. sinensis, its DNA barcode sequences were supplemented, which provided a basis for the subsequent utilization and conservation of E. sinensis.]]>